@misc{DechBittmannSchaefer2020,
  author    = {Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank and Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Behavior of oxygen saturation and blood filling in the venous capillary system of the biceps brachii muscle during a fatiguing isometric action},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 618},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 618},
  number    = {618},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460166},
  pages     = {79 -- 87},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The objective of the study is to develop a better understanding of the capillary circulation in contracting muscles. Ten subjects were measured during a submaximal fatiguing isometric muscle action by use of the O2C spectrophotometer. In all measurements the capillary-venous oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SvO2) decreases immediately after the start of loading and levels off into a steady state. However, two different patterns (type I and type II) emerged. They differ in the extent of deoxygenation (-10.37 ±2.59 percent points (pp) vs. -33.86 ±17.35 pp, P = .008) and the behavior of the relative hemoglobin amount (rHb). Type I reveals a positive rank correlation of SvO2 and rHb (? = 0.735, P <.001), whereas a negative rank correlation (? = -0.522, P <.001) occurred in type II, since rHb decreases until a reversal point, then increases averagely 13\% above the baseline value and levels off into a steady state. The results reveal that a homeostasis of oxygen delivery and consumption during isometric muscle actions is possible. A rough distinction in two types of regulation is suggested.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DechBittmannSchaefer2021,
  author    = {Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank and Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Muscle oxygenation level might trigger the regulation of capillary venous blood filling during fatiguing isometric muscle actions},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52407},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-524078},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO2 and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60\% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90° elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60\% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO2-level of 58.75 ± 2.14\%. In type I, SvO2 never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59\% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DechBittmannSchaefer2020,
  author    = {Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank and Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Behavior of oxygen saturation and blood filling in the venous capillary system of the biceps brachii muscle during a fatiguing isometric action},
  series = {European Journal of Translational Myology},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {European Journal of Translational Myology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Unipress},
  address   = {Padova},
  issn      = {2037-7460},
  doi       = {10.4081/ejtm.2019.8800},
  pages     = {79 -- 87},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The objective of the study is to develop a better understanding of the capillary circulation in contracting muscles. Ten subjects were measured during a submaximal fatiguing isometric muscle action by use of the O2C spectrophotometer. In all measurements the capillary-venous oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SvO2) decreases immediately after the start of loading and levels off into a steady state. However, two different patterns (type I and type II) emerged. They differ in the extent of deoxygenation (-10.37 ±2.59 percent points (pp) vs. -33.86 ±17.35 pp, P = .008) and the behavior of the relative hemoglobin amount (rHb). Type I reveals a positive rank correlation of SvO2 and rHb (? = 0.735, P <.001), whereas a negative rank correlation (? = -0.522, P <.001) occurred in type II, since rHb decreases until a reversal point, then increases averagely 13\% above the baseline value and levels off into a steady state. The results reveal that a homeostasis of oxygen delivery and consumption during isometric muscle actions is possible. A rough distinction in two types of regulation is suggested.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DechBittmannSchaefer2021,
  author    = {Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank and Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Muscle oxygenation level might trigger the regulation of capillary venous blood filling during fatiguing isometric muscle actions},
  series = {Diagnostics : open access journal},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Diagnostics : open access journal},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2075-4418},
  doi       = {10.3390/diagnostics11111973},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO(2) and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60\% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90 \& DEG; elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60\% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO(2)-level of 58.75 \& PLUSMN; 2.14\%. In type I, SvO(2) never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59\% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DechBittmannSchaefer2021,
  author    = {Dech, Silas and Bittmann, Frank and Schaefer, Laura},
  title     = {Muscle oxygenation level might trigger the regulation of capillary venous blood filling during fatiguing isometric muscle actions},
  series = {Diagnostics},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Diagnostics},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2075-4418},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The regulation of oxygen and blood supply during isometric muscle actions is still unclear. Recently, two behavioral types of oxygen saturation (SvO2) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) in venous microvessels were described during a fatiguing holding isometric muscle action (HIMA) (type I: nearly parallel behavior of SvO2 and rHb; type II: partly inverse behavior). The study aimed to ascertain an explanation of these two regulative behaviors. Twelve subjects performed one fatiguing HIMA trial with each arm by weight holding at 60\% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in a 90° elbow flexion. Six subjects additionally executed one fatiguing PIMA trial by pulling on an immovable resistance with 60\% of the MVIC with each side and same position. Both regulative types mentioned were found during HIMA (I: n = 7, II: n = 17) and PIMA (I: n = 3, II: n = 9). During the fatiguing measurements, rHb decreased initially and started to increase in type II at an average SvO2-level of 58.75 ± 2.14\%. In type I, SvO2 never reached that specific value during loading. This might indicate the existence of a threshold around 59\% which seems to trigger the increase in rHb and could explain the two behavioral types. An approach is discussed to meet the apparent incompatibility of an increased capillary blood filling (rHb) despite high intramuscular pressures which were found by other research groups during isometric muscle actions.},
  language  = {en}
}