@article{MelzerSchubarth2016,
  author    = {Melzer, Wolfgang and Schubarth, Wilfried},
  title     = {Violence at school and the health of students},
  series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1436-9990},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00103-015-2270-y},
  pages     = {66 -- 72},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber das Thema „Gewalt an Schulen" und verkn{\"u}pft es mit gesundheitlichen Aspekten von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Gewalt und Gesundheit zwei Seiten einer Medaille sind, wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich Gewalt- und Mobbingph{\"a}nomene an deutschen Schulen entwickelt haben und welche Zusammenh{\"a}nge es zur Gesundheit von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern gibt. Die empirische Basis bilden langj{\"a}hrige Untersuchungen der Autoren, u. a. im Rahmen der internationalen Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC). Auf der Basis eigener empirischer Studien werden Pr{\"a}valenzen und Strukturen der Sch{\"u}lergewalt sowie der Zusammenhang von Gewalt und Gesundheit verdeutlicht und Folgerungen f{\"u}r die Gewalt- und Gesundheitspr{\"a}vention gezogen. Entgegen dramatisierender Einsch{\"a}tzungen in den Medien zeigt sich, dass in den letzten Jahren eine kontinuierliche Verringerung der Mobbing-Problematik an deutschen Schulen zu verzeichnen ist. Mit Blick auf den Zusammenhang von Gewalt und Gesundheit l{\"a}sst sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dissozialem Verhalten und Parametern der Gesundheit belegen. So weisen Opfer und T{\"a}ter-Opfer die gr{\"o}ßten und Unbeteiligte die geringsten gesundheitlichen Probleme auf, w{\"a}hrend f{\"u}r T{\"a}ter - entgegen g{\"a}ngiger Annahmen - eher eine positive Grundstimmung kennzeichnend ist. Aufgrund des engen Zusammenhangs von Gewalt und Gesundheit wird die Folgerung abgeleitet, Gewaltpr{\"a}vention- und Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung mit Schulentwicklung und Schulprogrammarbeit zu verbinden, um nachhaltige Pr{\"a}ventionswirkung zu erzielen. The article gives an overview of violence at school combined with the health of students. Based on the assumption that violence and health are two sides of the same coin, the article considers the question of the development of violence and bullying phenomena at German schools and its relation to student health. Long-term studies by the authors, such as the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, constitute the empirical basis. Prevalence and structures of student violence, as well as the relation between violence and health, are clarified and consequences for the prevention of violence and health are shown on the basis of our own empirical studies. Contrary to dramatic estimates in the media, a continuous reduction of bullying problems at German schools has been registered in recent years. In reference to the relation between violence and health, a significant correlation between dissocial behavior and health parameters was found. Victims and bully-victims show the most health problems and innocent bystanders the least health problems. In contrast to previous findings, bullies show a more positive prevailing mood. Due to the found associations between violence and health, it appears reasonable to combine violence prevention and health promotion measures to achieve sustainable prevention effects.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MuckelbauerEnglertRieckmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Muckelbauer, Rebecca and Englert, Heike and Rieckmann, Nina and Chen, Chih-Mei and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Katus, Hugo A. and Willich, Stefan N. and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline},
  title     = {Long-term effect of a low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program for patients with hypercholesterolemia: Randomized controlled trial},
  series = {Preventive medicine : an international journal devoted to practice and theory},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {Preventive medicine : an international journal devoted to practice and theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {San Diego},
  issn      = {0091-7435},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.026},
  pages     = {155 -- 161},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Objective. We evaluated the long-term effect of a smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program in patients with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Method. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial: In 2002-2004,8108 patients with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled from general practices in Germany. Patients received a 12-month adherence program and statin medication (intervention) or statin medication only (control). The program aimed to improve adherence to medication and lifestyle by educational material, mailings, and phone calls. Smoking was self-reported at baseline and every 6 months during the 3-year follow-up. Results. In total, 7640 patients were analyzed. At baseline, smoking prevalence was 21.7\% in the intervention and 21.5\% in the control group. Prevalence decreased in both groups to 16.6\% vs. 19.5\%, 153\% vs. 16.8\%, and 14.2\% vs. 15.6\% at the 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up. The intervention had a beneficial effect on smoking differing over time (group x time: P = 0.005). The effect was largest after 6 and 12 months [odds ratios (95\% confidence intervals): 0.67 (0.54-0.82) and 0.63 (0.51-0.78)]. The effect decreased until the 18-month follow-up [0.72 (0.58-0.90)] and was not significant after 24 months. Conclusion. A low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program can contribute to smoking cessation although the intervention effect diminished over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}