@phdthesis{Zuehlke2017,
  author    = {Z{\"u}hlke, Martin},
  title     = {Elektrosprayionisation Ionenmobilit{\"a}tsspektrometrie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407452},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 113, XIV},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die Elektrosprayionisation (ESI) ist eine der weitverbreitetsten Ionisationstechniken f{\"u}r fl{\"u}ssige Pro-ben in der Massen- und Ionenmobilit{\"a}ts(IM)-Spektrometrie. Aufgrund ihrer schonenden Ionisierung wird ESI vorwiegend f{\"u}r empfindliche, komplexe Molek{\"u}le in der Biologie und Medizin eingesetzt. {\"U}berdies ist sie allerdings f{\"u}r ein sehr breites Spektrum an Substanzklassen anwendbar. Die IM-Spektrometrie wurde urspr{\"u}nglich zur Detektion gasf{\"o}rmiger Proben entwickelt, die haupts{\"a}chlich durch radioaktive Quellen ionisiert werden. Sie ist die einzige analytische Methode, bei der Isomere in Echtzeit getrennt und {\"u}ber ihre charakteristische IM direkt identifiziert werden k{\"o}nnen. ESI wurde in den 90ger Jahren durch die Hill Gruppe in die IM-Spektrometrie eingef{\"u}hrt. Die Kombination wird bisher jedoch nur von wenigen Gruppen verwendet und hat deshalb noch ein hohes Entwick-lungspotential. Ein vielversprechendes Anwendungsfeld ist der Einsatz in der Hochleistungs-fl{\"u}ssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) zur mehrdimensionalen Trennung. Heutzutage ist die HPLC die Standardmethode zur Trennung komplexer Proben in der Routineanalytik. HPLC-Trennungsg{\"a}nge sind jedoch h{\"a}ufig langwierig und der Einsatz verschiedener Laufmittel, hoher Flussraten, von Puffern, sowie Laufmittelgradienten stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Detektoren. Die ESI-IM-Spektrometrie wurde in einigen Studien bereits als HPLC-Detektor eingesetzt, war dort bisher jedoch auf Flussratensplitting oder geringe Flussraten des Laufmittels beschr{\"a}nkt. In dieser kumulativen Doktorarbeit konnte daher erstmals ein ESI IM-Spektrometer als HPLC-Detektor f{\"u}r den Flussratenbereich von 200-1500 μl/min entwickelt werden. Anhand von f{\"u}nf Publi-kationen wurden (1) {\"u}ber eine umfassende Charakterisierung die Eignung des Spektrometers als HPLC-Detektor festgestellt, (2) ausgew{\"a}hlte komplexe Trenng{\"a}nge pr{\"a}sentiert und (3) die Anwen-dung zum Reaktionsmonitoring und (4, 5) m{\"o}gliche Weiterentwicklungen gezeigt. Erfolgreich konnten mit dem selbst-entwickelten ESI IM-Spektrometer typische HPLC-Bedingungen wie Wassergehalte im Laufmittel von bis zu 90\%, Pufferkonzentrationen von bis zu 10 mM, sowie Nachweisgrenzen von bis zu 50 nM erreicht werden. Weiterhin wurde anhand der komplexen Trennungsg{\"a}nge (24 Pestizide/18 Aminos{\"a}uren) gezeigt, dass die HPLC und die IM-Spektrometrie eine hohe Orthogonalit{\"a}t besitzen. Eine effektive Peakkapazit{\"a}t von 240 wurde so realisiert. Auf der HPLC-S{\"a}ule koeluierende Substanzen konnten {\"u}ber die Driftzeit getrennt und {\"u}ber ihre IM identifi-ziert werden, sodass die Gesamttrennzeiten erheblich minimiert werden konnten. Die Anwend-barkeit des ESI IM-Spektrometers zur {\"U}berwachung chemischer Synthesen wurde anhand einer dreistufigen Reaktion demonstriert. Es konnten die wichtigsten Edukte, Zwischenprodukte und Produkte aller Stufen identifiziert werden. Eine quantitative Auswertung war sowohl {\"u}ber eine kurze HPLC-Vortrennung als auch durch die Entwicklung eines eigenen Kalibrierverfahrens, welches die Ladungskonkurrenz bei ESI ber{\"u}cksichtigt, ohne HPLC m{\"o}glich. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden zwei Weiterentwicklungen des Spektrometers pr{\"a}sentiert. Eine M{\"o}glichkeit ist die Reduzierung des Drucks in den intermedi{\"a}ren Bereich (300 - 1000 mbar) mit dem Ziel der Verringerung der ben{\"o}tigten Spannungen. Mithilfe von Streulichtbildern und Strom-Spannungs-Kurven wurden f{\"u}r geringe Dr{\"u}cke eine verminderte Freisetzung der Analyt-Ionen aus den Tropfen festgestellt. Die Verluste konnten jedoch {\"u}ber h{\"o}here elektrische Feldst{\"a}rken ausgeglichen werden, sodass gleiche Nachweisgrenzen bei 500 mbar und bei 1 bar erreicht wurden. Die zweite Weiterentwicklung ist ein neuartiges Ionentors mit Pulsschaltung, welches eine Verdopplung der Aufl{\"o}sung auf bis zu R > 100 bei gleicher Sensitivit{\"a}t erm{\"o}glichte. Eine denkbare Anwendung im Bereich der Peptidanalytik wurde mit beachtlichen Aufl{\"o}sungen der Peptide von R = 90 gezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zoeller1999,
  author    = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert},
  title     = {Analyse raumzeitlicher Muster in Erdbebendaten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000122},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Charakterisierung von Seismizit{\"a}t anhand von Erdbebenkatalogen. Es werden neue Verfahren der Datenanalyse entwickelt, die Aufschluss dar{\"u}ber geben sollen, ob der seismischen Dynamik ein stochastischer oder ein deterministischer Prozess zugrunde liegt und was daraus f{\"u}r die Vorhersagbarkeit starker Erdbeben folgt. Es wird gezeigt, dass seismisch aktive Regionen h{\"a}ufig durch nichtlinearen Determinismus gekennzeichent sind. Dies schließt zumindest die M{\"o}glichkeit einer Kurzzeitvorhersage ein. Das Auftreten seismischer Ruhe wird h{\"a}ufig als Vorl{\"a}uferphaenomen f{\"u}r starke Erdbeben gedeutet. Es wird eine neue Methode pr{\"a}sentiert, die eine systematische raumzeitliche Kartierung seismischer Ruhephasen erm{\"o}glicht. Die statistische Signifikanz wird mit Hilfe des Konzeptes der Ersatzdaten bestimmt. Als Resultat erh{\"a}lt man deutliche Korrelationen zwischen seismischen Ruheperioden und starken Erdbeben. Gleichwohl ist die Signifikanz daf{\"u}r nicht hoch genug, um eine Vorhersage im Sinne einer Aussage {\"u}ber den Ort, die Zeit und die St{\"a}rke eines zu erwartenden Hauptbebens zu erm{\"o}glichen.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zoelch1997,
  author    = {Z{\"o}lch, Martina},
  title     = {Aktivit{\"a}ten der Handlungsverschr{\"a}nkung : Theorie und Praxis der Werkstattsteuerung in der gruppenorientierten Fertigung},
  pages     = {286, XXII, VIII S.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zurell2011,
  author    = {Zurell, Damaris},
  title     = {Integrating dynamic and statistical modelling approaches in order to improve predictions for scenarios of environmental change},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56845},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Species respond to environmental change by dynamically adjusting their geographical ranges. Robust predictions of these changes are prerequisites to inform dynamic and sustainable conservation strategies. Correlative species distribution models (SDMs) relate species' occurrence records to prevailing environmental factors to describe the environmental niche. They have been widely applied in global change context as they have comparably low data requirements and allow for rapid assessments of potential future species' distributions. However, due to their static nature, transient responses to environmental change are essentially ignored in SDMs. Furthermore, neither dispersal nor demographic processes and biotic interactions are explicitly incorporated. Therefore, it has often been suggested to link statistical and mechanistic modelling approaches in order to make more realistic predictions of species' distributions for scenarios of environmental change. In this thesis, I present two different ways of such linkage. (i) Mechanistic modelling can act as virtual playground for testing statistical models and allows extensive exploration of specific questions. I promote this 'virtual ecologist' approach as a powerful evaluation framework for testing sampling protocols, analyses and modelling tools. Also, I employ such an approach to systematically assess the effects of transient dynamics and ecological properties and processes on the prediction accuracy of SDMs for climate change projections. That way, relevant mechanisms are identified that shape the species' response to altered environmental conditions and which should hence be considered when trying to project species' distribution through time. (ii) I supplement SDM projections of potential future habitat for black grouse in Switzerland with an individual-based population model. By explicitly considering complex interactions between habitat availability and demographic processes, this allows for a more direct assessment of expected population response to environmental change and associated extinction risks. However, predictions were highly variable across simulations emphasising the need for principal evaluation tools like sensitivity analysis to assess uncertainty and robustness in dynamic range predictions. Furthermore, I identify data coverage of the environmental niche as a likely cause for contrasted range predictions between SDM algorithms. SDMs may fail to make reliable predictions for truncated and edge niches, meaning that portions of the niche are not represented in the data or niche edges coincide with data limits. Overall, my thesis contributes to an improved understanding of uncertainty factors in predictions of range dynamics and presents ways how to deal with these. Finally I provide preliminary guidelines for predictive modelling of dynamic species' response to environmental change, identify key challenges for future research and discuss emerging developments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zur2018,
  author    = {Zur, Avichai},
  title     = {פרדוקס 'הידיעה והבחירה' במשנת ר' צדוק הכהן מלובלין},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412201},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {371, xxxiii},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This research deals with R. Zadok's innovative writings. According to most scholars R. Zadok continues the doctrine of his rabbi R. Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica and introduces existential fatalism: man has the freedom to act against the customary law, according to God's will which is revealed in his heart, even in his passions, which exceed the Halacha; however, man does not determine the will that is revealed in the root of his soul, but only uncovers it. Many expressions, in content and form, of this fatalism can be found in R. Zadok's writings; yet, he also introduces many remarks about human free choice and its creative power to establish and determine man's root and re-establish and influence the Divine worlds and this world. This research focuses on these passages whose centrality has been so far neglected by research. Hence, its renewed understanding of his doctrine. R. Zadok's position can be explained by means of the paradoxical perception, which claims the full strength of the two opposites and even a mutual influence between them, which creates a difficult yet fertile tension: as opposed to the a priori intellectual and formal process of fatalism where Divine Foreknowledge eliminates free choice, R. Zadok introduces fatality which identifies in reality itself the Divine foreknowledge and will that exist in all things. In R. Zadok's fatality, Divine foreknowledge does not eliminate free choice; on the contrary, without Divine foreknowledge, nothing has existence. Therefore, only the existence of Divine foreknowledge within free choice enables its true and indeed free fulfillment. R. Zadok's ontological perception is realized not only in the direct content of his words but also indirectly, in the method of his exegesis and the sense he gives to the concepts he discusses. Therefore the fatality is revealed in other areas in which there is a gap between the absolute dimension ('Yedi'ah') and the contingent dimension ('Bechirah'): the lie, imagination, evil, sin, suffering etc., indeed contingent compared with the absoluteness of truth, good, etc.; however, according to R. Zadok, God wants them as such - that is to say, they have an essential existence and actuality that are not absolute, but rather as such: as contingent, temporary and relative. However, these essential existence and actuality do not confirm them as they are but create a transformation within them. For example, evil does not become absolute good or remains evil but rather turns into 'Very Good' (Tov Me'od) which includes evil and according to Rabbi Zadok is greater than regular good. From this, rises also the opposite influence: that of free choice, or contingent Bechira in general, on Divine Foreknowledge, or absolute Yediah in general. According to R. Zadok, when the contingency and relativity of "Bechirah" received its essential existence and actuality, it has the power so to speak, to add dynamism to the permanent Divine absoluteness of the 'Yedi'ah': the affliction (Nega; נגע) of sin or suffering turns by itself, by interchanging its letters, into pleasure (Oneg; ענג) which is greater than regular delight. Man has the power to influence the upper worlds by decreeing decrees or by canceling Divine decrees; he also has the power to influence the daily novelties of this world, by the novellaes of the Oral Law and the sanctification of the new month which is capable of changing the movement of the zodiac. The human creativity of the novellae of the Oral Law is included in the Divine truth which is hidden in the Written Law and it only reveals and interprets the latter; but on the other hand, according to R. Zadok, the source of the dynamic vital novellaes of the Oral Law is higher than the source of the permanent absoluteness of Written Law and they are those which create and determine the latter. R. Zadok introduces two main concepts for his paradox: On the ontological perception - Yichud Gamur, the Ultimate Unification of God, in which the contingent duality (between God and His creation, and the choice it enables) of the Lower Unification paradoxically exists with the absolute unification and Divine Foreknowledge of the Upper Unification. On the perception of man's existential situation - HaShoresh HaNe'elam, The Hidden Root: unlike Rabbi Mordechai Yosef, his rabbi, rabbi Zadok claims that man determines his destiny by his willful contingent actions - yet, simultaneously, like his rabbi, he also claims that the man's permanent root is determined by God and His Foreknowledge and it is what determines his actions for better or worse. But above these R. Zadok points to an additional Hidden Root which is higher than the permanent one: it is indeed an absolute root (Yediah) yet is determined and established by man's willful actions (Bechira), similar to the Divine creation of 'ex nihilo'.},
  language  = {mul}
}
@phdthesis{Zupok2015,
  author    = {Zupok, Arkadiusz},
  title     = {The psbB-operon is a major locus for plastome-genome incompatibility in Oenothera},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {108},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zuo2017,
  author    = {Zuo, Zhe},
  title     = {From unstructured to structured: Context-based named entity mining from text},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412576},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vii, 112},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {With recent advances in the area of information extraction, automatically extracting structured information from a vast amount of unstructured textual data becomes an important task, which is infeasible for humans to capture all information manually. Named entities (e.g., persons, organizations, and locations), which are crucial components in texts, are usually the subjects of structured information from textual documents. Therefore, the task of named entity mining receives much attention. It consists of three major subtasks, which are named entity recognition, named entity linking, and relation extraction. These three tasks build up an entire pipeline of a named entity mining system, where each of them has its challenges and can be employed for further applications. As a fundamental task in the natural language processing domain, studies on named entity recognition have a long history, and many existing approaches produce reliable results. The task is aiming to extract mentions of named entities in text and identify their types. Named entity linking recently received much attention with the development of knowledge bases that contain rich information about entities. The goal is to disambiguate mentions of named entities and to link them to the corresponding entries in a knowledge base. Relation extraction, as the final step of named entity mining, is a highly challenging task, which is to extract semantic relations between named entities, e.g., the ownership relation between two companies. In this thesis, we review the state-of-the-art of named entity mining domain in detail, including valuable features, techniques, evaluation methodologies, and so on. Furthermore, we present two of our approaches that focus on the named entity linking and relation extraction tasks separately. To solve the named entity linking task, we propose the entity linking technique, BEL, which operates on a textual range of relevant terms and aggregates decisions from an ensemble of simple classifiers. Each of the classifiers operates on a randomly sampled subset of the above range. In extensive experiments on hand-labeled and benchmark datasets, our approach outperformed state-of-the-art entity linking techniques, both in terms of quality and efficiency. For the task of relation extraction, we focus on extracting a specific group of difficult relation types, business relations between companies. These relations can be used to gain valuable insight into the interactions between companies and perform complex analytics, such as predicting risk or valuating companies. Our semi-supervised strategy can extract business relations between companies based on only a few user-provided seed company pairs. By doing so, we also provide a solution for the problem of determining the direction of asymmetric relations, such as the ownership_of relation. We improve the reliability of the extraction process by using a holistic pattern identification method, which classifies the generated extraction patterns. Our experiments show that we can accurately and reliably extract new entity pairs occurring in the target relation by using as few as five labeled seed pairs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zulawski2013,
  author    = {Zulawski, Monika Anna},
  title     = {Die Rolle der Phosphorylierung in der Regulation pflanzlicher Proteine},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {160 S.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Zuhr2023,
  author    = {Zuhr, Alexandra},
  title     = {Proxy signal formation in palaeoclimate archives},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58286},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582864},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xx, 167},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Throughout the last ~3 million years, the Earth's climate system was characterised by cycles of glacial and interglacial periods. The current warm period, the Holocene, is comparably stable and stands out from this long-term cyclicality. However, since the industrial revolution, the climate has been increasingly affected by a human-induced increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. While instrumental observations are used to describe changes over the past ~200 years, indirect observations via proxy data are the main source of information beyond this instrumental era. These data are indicators of past climatic conditions, stored in palaeoclimate archives around the Earth. The proxy signal is affected by processes independent of the prevailing climatic conditions. In particular, for sedimentary archives such as marine sediments and polar ice sheets, material may be redistributed during or after the initial deposition and subsequent formation of the archive. This leads to noise in the records challenging reliable reconstructions on local or short time scales. This dissertation characterises the initial deposition of the climatic signal and quantifies the resulting archive-internal heterogeneity and its influence on the observed proxy signal to improve the representativity and interpretation of climate reconstructions from marine sediments and ice cores. To this end, the horizontal and vertical variation in radiocarbon content of a box-core from the South China Sea is investigated. The three-dimensional resolution is used to quantify the true uncertainty in radiocarbon age estimates from planktonic foraminifera with an extensive sampling scheme, including different sample volumes and replicated measurements of batches of small and large numbers of specimen. An assessment on the variability stemming from sediment mixing by benthic organisms reveals strong internal heterogeneity. Hence, sediment mixing leads to substantial time uncertainty of proxy-based reconstructions with error terms two to five times larger than previously assumed. A second three-dimensional analysis of the upper snowpack provides insights into the heterogeneous signal deposition and imprint in snow and firn. A new study design which combines a structure-from-motion photogrammetry approach with two-dimensional isotopic data is performed at a study site in the accumulation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The photogrammetry method reveals an intermittent character of snowfall, a layer-wise snow deposition with substantial contributions by wind-driven erosion and redistribution to the final spatially variable accumulation and illustrated the evolution of stratigraphic noise at the surface. The isotopic data show the preservation of stratigraphic noise within the upper firn column, leading to a spatially variable climate signal imprint and heterogeneous layer thicknesses. Additional post-depositional modifications due to snow-air exchange are also investigated, but without a conclusive quantification of the contribution to the final isotopic signature. Finally, this characterisation and quantification of the complex signal formation in marine sediments and polar ice contributes to a better understanding of the signal content in proxy data which is needed to assess the natural climate variability during the Holocene.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zudrell2001,
  author    = {Zudrell, Petra},
  title     = {Der Kulturkritiker und Schriftsteller Max Nordau : zwischen Zionismus, Deutschtum und Judentum},
  series = {Epistemata : Reihe Literaturwissenschaft},
  volume    = {421},
  journal   = {Epistemata : Reihe Literaturwissenschaft},
  publisher = {K{\"o}nigshausen \& Neumann},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {3-8260-2376-5},
  pages     = {295 S. : 23 cm},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}