@article{BaritelloSalzwedelSuendermannetal.2021,
  author    = {Baritello, Omar and Salzwedel, Annett and S{\"u}ndermann, Simon and Niebauer, Josef and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  edition   = {19},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10194506},
  pages     = {1 -- 17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95\% confidence interval (CI) 6.50-33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95\% CI 1.80-5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95\% CI 2.71-86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95\% CI 1.55-4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BaritelloSalzwedelSuendermannetal.2021,
  author    = {Baritello, Omar and Salzwedel, Annett and S{\"u}ndermann, Simon and Niebauer, Josef and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  edition   = {19},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55044},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550440},
  pages     = {1 -- 17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95\% confidence interval (CI) 6.50-33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95\% CI 1.80-5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95\% CI 2.71-86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95\% CI 1.55-4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VigoritoAbreuAmbrosettietal.2017,
  author    = {Vigorito, Carlo and Abreu, Ana and Ambrosetti, Marco and Belardinelli, Romualdo and Corra, Ugo and Cupples, Margaret and Davos, Constantinos H. and Hoefer, Stefan and Iliou, Marie-Christine and Schmid, Jean-Paul and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Doherty, Patrick},
  title     = {Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation: A call to action from the EAPC Cardiac Rehabilitation Section},
  series = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2047-4873},
  doi       = {10.1177/2047487316682579},
  pages     = {577 -- 590},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by a vulnerability status associated with declining function of multiple physiological systems and loss of physiological reserves. Two main models of frailty have been advanced: the phenotypic model (primary frailty) or deficits accumulation model (secondary frailty), and different instruments have been proposed and validated to measure frailty. However measured, frailty correlates to medical outcomes in the elderly, and has been shown to have prognostic value for patients in different clinical settings, such as in patients with coronary artery disease, after cardiac surgery or transvalvular aortic valve replacement, in patients with chronic heart failure or after left ventricular assist device implantation. The prevalence, clinical and prognostic relevance of frailty in a cardiac rehabilitation setting has not yet been well characterised, despite the increasing frequency of elderly patients in cardiac rehabilitation, where frailty is likely to influence the onset, type and intensity of the exercise training programme and the design of tailored rehabilitative interventions for these patients. Therefore, we need to start looking for frailty in elderly patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes and become more familiar with some of the tools to recognise and evaluate the severity of this condition. Furthermore, we need to better understand whether exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may change the course and the prognosis of frailty in cardiovascular patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VigoritoAbreuAmbrosettietal.2017,
  author    = {Vigorito, Carlo and Abreu, Ana and Ambrosetti, Marco and Belardinelli, Romualdo and Corr{\`a}, Ugo and Cupples, Margaret and Davos, Constantinos H. and Hoefer, Stefan and Iliou, Marie-Christine and Schmid, Jean-Paul and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Doherty, Patrick},
  title     = {Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {406},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405172},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by a vulnerability status associated with declining function of multiple physiological systems and loss of physiological reserves. Two main models of frailty have been advanced: the phenotypic model (primary frailty) or deficits accumulation model (secondary frailty), and different instruments have been proposed and validated to measure frailty. However measured, frailty correlates to medical outcomes in the elderly, and has been shown to have prognostic value for patients in different clinical settings, such as in patients with coronary artery disease, after cardiac surgery or transvalvular aortic valve replacement, in patients with chronic heart failure or after left ventricular assist device implantation. The prevalence, clinical and prognostic relevance of frailty in a cardiac rehabilitation setting has not yet been well characterised, despite the increasing frequency of elderly patients in cardiac rehabilitation, where frailty is likely to influence the onset, type and intensity of the exercise training programme and the design of tailored rehabilitative interventions for these patients. Therefore, we need to start looking for frailty in elderly patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes and become more familiar with some of the tools to recognise and evaluate the severity of this condition. Furthermore, we need to better understand whether exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may change the course and the prognosis of frailty in cardiovascular patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GranacherLacroixMuehlbaueretal.2017,
  author    = {Granacher, Urs and Lacroix, Andre and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Roettger, Katrin and Gollhofer, Albert},
  title     = {Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399994},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Age-related postural misalignment, balance deficits and strength/power losses are associated with impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of falling in seniors. Core instability strength training (CIT) involves exercises that are challenging for both trunk muscles and postural control and may thus have the potential to induce benefits in trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility and balance performance. Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of CIT on measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in seniors. Methods: Thirty-two older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT; n = 16, aged 70.8 +/- 4.1 years) that conducted a 9-week progressive CIT or to a control group (n = 16, aged 70.2 +/- 4.5 years). Maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors/extensors/lateral flexors (right, left)/rotators (right, left) as well as of spinal mobility in the sagittal and the coronal plane was measured before and after the intervention program. Dynamic balance (i.e. walking 10 m on an optoelectric walkway, the Functional Reach test) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go test) were additionally tested. Results: Program compliance was excellent with participants of the INT group completing 92\% of the training sessions. Significant group x test interactions were found for the maximal isometric strength of the trunk flexors (34\%, p < 0.001), extensors (21\%, p < 0.001), lateral flexors (right: 48\%, p < 0.001; left: 53\%, p < 0.001) and left rotators (42\%, p < 0.001) in favor of the INT group. Further, training-related improvements were found for spinal mobility in the sagittal (11\%, p < 0.001) and coronal plane (11\%, p = 0.06) directions, for stride velocity (9\%, p < 0.05), the coefficient of variation in stride velocity (31\%, p < 0.05), the Functional Reach test (20\%, p < 0.05) and the Timed Up and Go test (4\%, p < 0.05) in favor of the INT group. Conclusion: CIT proved to be a feasible exercise program for seniors with a high adherence rate. Age-related deficits in measures of trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility can be mitigated by CIT. This training regimen could be used as an adjunct or even alternative to traditional balance and/or resistance training.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GranacherMuehlbauerBridenbaughetal.2017,
  author    = {Granacher, Urs and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Bridenbaugh, Stephanie A. and Wolf, Madeleine and Roth, Ralf and Gschwind, Yves and Wolf, Irene and Mata, Rui and Kressig, Reto W.},
  title     = {Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399962},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Deficits in static and particularly dynamic postural control and force production have frequently been associated with an increased risk of falling in older adults. Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of salsa dancing on measures of static/dynamic postural control and leg extensor power in seniors. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT, n = 14, age 71.6 +/- 5.3 years) to conduct an 8-week progressive salsa dancing programme or a control group (CON, n = 14, age 68.9 +/- 4.7 years). Static postural control was measured during one-legged stance on a balance platform and dynamic postural control was obtained while walking on an instrumented walkway. Leg extensor power was assessed during a countermovement jump on a force plate. Results: Programme compliance was excellent with participants of the INT group completing 92.5\% of the dancing sessions. A tendency towards an improvement in the selected measures of static postural control was observed in the INT group as compared to the CON group. Significant group X test interactions were found for stride velocity, length and time. Post hoc analyses revealed significant increases in stride velocity and length, and concomitant decreases in stride time. However, salsa dancing did not have significant effects on various measures of gait variability and leg extensor power. Conclusion: Salsa proved to be a safe and feasible exercise programme for older adults accompanied with a high adherence rate. Age-related deficits in measures of static and particularly dynamic postural control can be mitigated by salsa dancing in older adults. High physical activity and fitness/mobility levels of our participants could be responsible for the nonsignificant findings in gait variability and leg extensor power.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lacroix2017,
  author    = {Lacroix, Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Factors influencing the effectiveness of balance and resistance training in older adults},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411826},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 235},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund und Ziele: Altersbedingte Kraft- und Gleichgewichtsverluste sind mit Funktionseinschr{\"a}nkungen und einem erh{\"o}hten Sturzrisiko assoziiert. Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining haben das Potenzial, das Gleichgewicht und die Maximalkraft/Schnellkraft von gesunden {\"a}lteren Menschen zu verbessern. Es ist jedoch noch nicht hinreichend untersucht, wie die Effektivit{\"a}t solcher {\"U}bungsprogramme von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren die Rolle der Rumpfmuskulatur, die Effekte von kombiniertem Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining sowie die Effekte der Trainingsanleitung. Die prim{\"a}ren Ziele dieser Dissertation bestehen daher in der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Rumpfkraft und Gleichgewichtsvariablen und der Effekte von kombiniertem Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining auf ein breites Spektrum an intrinsischen Sturzrisikofaktoren bei {\"a}lteren Menschen. Ein wesentliches Ziel dieser Dissertation ist zudem die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Auswirkungen von angeleitetem gegen{\"u}ber unangeleitetem Kraft- und/oder Gleichgewichtstraining auf Variablen des Gleichgewichts und der Maximal-/Schnellkraft bei {\"a}lteren Menschen. Methoden: Gesunde {\"a}ltere Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 63 und 80 Jahren wurden in einer Querschnittsstudie, einer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie und einer Metaanalyse untersucht (Gruppenmittelwerte Meta-Analyse: 65.3-81.1 Jahre). Messungen des Gleichgewichts (statisches/dynamisches, proaktives, reaktives Gleichgewicht) wurden mittels klinischer (z. B. Romberg Test) und instrumentierter Tests (z. B. 10 Meter Gangtest inklusive elektrischer Erfassung von Gangparametern) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die isometrische Maximalkraft der Rumpfmuskulatur wurde mit speziellen Rumpfkraft-Maschinen gemessen. F{\"u}r die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der dynamischen Maximal-/Schnellkraft der unteren Extremit{\"a}t wurden klinische Tests (z. B. Chair Stand Test) verwendet. Weiterhin wurde ein kombiniertes Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining durchgef{\"u}hrt, um trainingsbedingte Effekte auf Gleichgewicht und Maximal-/Schnellkraft sowie die Effekte der Trainingsanleitung bei {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Korrelationen zwischen Rumpfkraft und statischem sowie ausgew{\"a}hlten Parametern des dynamischen Gleichgewichts (0.42 ≤ r ≤ 0.57). Kombiniertes Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining verbesserte das statische/dynamische (z. B. Romberg Test, Ganggeschwindigkeit), proaktive (z. B. Timed Up und Go Test) und reaktive Gleichgewicht (z. B. Push and Release Test) sowie die Maximal-/Schnellkraft (z. B. Chair Stand Test) von gesunden {\"a}lteren Menschen (0.62 ≤ Cohen's d ≤ 2.86; alle p < 0.05). Angeleitetes Training f{\"u}hrte verglichen mit unangeleitetem Training zu gr{\"o}ßeren Effekten bei Gleichgewicht und Maximal-/Schnellkraft [L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie: Effekte in der angeleiteten Gruppe 0.26 ≤ d ≤ 2.86, Effekte in der unangeleiteten Gruppe 0.06 ≤ d ≤ 2.30; Metaanalyse: alle Standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenzen (SMDbs) zugunsten der angeleiteten Programme 0.24-0.53]. Die Metaanalyse zeigte zudem gr{\"o}ßere Effekte zugunsten der angeleiteten Programme, wenn diese mit komplett unbeaufsichtigten Programmen verglichen wurden (0.28 ≤ SMDbs ≤ 1.24). Diese Effekte zugunsten der angeleiteten Interventionen wurden jedoch abgeschw{\"a}cht, wenn sie mit unangeleiteten Interventionen verglichen wurden, die wenige zus{\"a}tzliche angeleitete Einheiten integrierten (-0.06 ≤ SMDbs ≤ 0.41). Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Aufnahme von Rumpfkraft{\"u}bungen in sturzpr{\"a}ventive Trainingsprogramme f{\"u}r {\"a}ltere Menschen k{\"o}nnte die Verbesserung von Gleichgewichtsparametern positiv beeinflussen. Die positiven Effekte auf eine Vielzahl wichtiger intrinsischer Sturzrisikofaktoren (z. B. Gleichgewichts-, Kraftdefizite) implizieren, dass besonders die Kombination aus Kraft- und Gleichgewichtstraining eine durchf{\"u}hrbare und effektive sturzpr{\"a}ventive Intervention ist. Aufgrund gr{\"o}ßerer Effekte von angeleitetem im Vergleich zu unangeleitetem Training sollten angeleitete Einheiten in sturzpr{\"a}ventive {\"U}bungsprogramme f{\"u}r {\"a}ltere Erwachsene integriert werden.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GranacherLacroixRoettgeretal.2014,
  author    = {Granacher, Urs and Lacroix, Andre and Roettger, Katrin and Gollhofer, Albert and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas},
  title     = {Relationships between trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, and balance performance in older adults},
  series = {Journal of aging and physical activity},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Journal of aging and physical activity},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.},
  address   = {Champaign},
  issn      = {1063-8652},
  doi       = {10.1123/JAPA.2013-0108},
  pages     = {490 -- 498},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This study investigated associations between variables of trunk muscle strength (TMS), spinal mobility, and balance in seniors. Thirty-four seniors (sex: 18 female, 16 male; age: 70 +/- 4 years; activity level: 13 +/- 7 hr/week) were tested for maximal isometric strength (MIS) of the trunk extensors, flexors, lateral flexors, rotators, spinal mobility, and steady-state, reactive, and proactive balance. Significant correlations were detected between all measures of TMS and static steady-state balance (r = .43.57, p < .05). Significant correlations were observed between specific measures of TMS and dynamic steady-state balance (r = .42.55, p < .05). No significant correlations were found between all variables of TMS and reactive/proactive balance and between all variables of spinal mobility and balance. Regression analyses revealed that TMS explains between 1-33\% of total variance of the respective balance parameters. Findings indicate that TMS is related to measures of steady-state balance which may imply that TMS promoting exercises should be integrated in strength training for seniors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0090},
  pages     = {167 -- 173},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to display the static strength capacities of healthy adults in different age categories. A total of 279 healthy German adults at the ages of 20 to 29 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years generated their maximum static handgrip, index finger and thumb push strength, as well as their maximum opening strength on a smooth jar lid of 85 mm diameter and on a knurled bottle lid of 31 mm with their right hand. The results show larger male strength than female strength. Significant age-induced differences appear primarily in opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years in male subjects and in female opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 60 to 69 years as well as between the age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Of greatest interest is that elderly men show the largest opening strengths.},
  language  = {en}
}