@phdthesis{Bondue,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca},
  title     = {Justice Sensitivity},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {232},
  abstract  = {Individuals differ in their tendency to perceive injustice and in their responses towards these perceptions. Those high in justice sensitivity tend to show intense negative affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses towards injustice that in part also depend on the perspective from which injustice is perceived. The present research project showed that inter-individual differences in justice sensitivity may already be measured and observed in childhood and adolescence and that early adolescence seems an important age-range and developmental stage for the stabilization of these differences. Furthermore, the different justice sensitivity perspectives were related to different forms of externalizing (aggression, ADHD, bullying) and internalizing problem behavior (depressive symptoms) both in children and adolescents as well as in adults in cross-sectional studies. Particularly victim sensitivity may apparently constitute an important risk factor for a broad range of both externalizing and internalizing maladaptive behaviors and mental health problems as shown in those studies using longitudinal data. Regarding aggressive behavior, victim justice sensitivity may even constitute a risk factor above and beyond other important and well-established risk factors for aggression and similar sensitivity constructs that had previously been linked to this kind of behavior. In contrast, observer and perpetrator sensitivity (perpetrator sensitivity in particular) tended to show negative links with externalizing problem behavior and instead predicted prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. However, there were also detached positive relations of perpetrator sensitivity with emotional problems as well as of observer sensitivity with reactive aggression and depressive symptoms. Taken together, the findings from the present research show that justice sensitivity forms in childhood at the latest and that it may have important, long-term influences on pro- and antisocial behavior and mental health. Thus, justice sensitivity requires more attention in research on the prevention and intervention of mental health problems and antisocial behavior, such as aggression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraheMoellerKirwiletal.2011,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Moeller, Ingrid and Kirwil, Lucyna and Huesmann, L. Rowell and Felber, Juliane and Berger, Anja},
  title     = {Desensitization to media violence links with habitual media violence exposure, aggressive cognitions, and aggressive behavior},
  series = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
  volume    = {100},
  journal   = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0022-3514},
  doi       = {10.1037/a0021711},
  pages     = {630 -- 646},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {This study examined the links between desensitization to violent media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. Two weeks after completing measures of habitual media violence exposure, trait aggression, trait arousability, and normative beliefs about aggression, undergraduates (N = 303) saw a violent film clip and a sad or a funny comparison clip. Skin conductance level (SCL) was measured continuously, and ratings of anxious and pleasant arousal were obtained after each clip. Following the clips, participants completed a lexical decision task to measure accessibility of aggressive cognitions and a competitive reaction time task to measure aggressive behavior. Habitual media violence exposure correlated negatively with SCL during violent clips and positively with pleasant arousal, response times for aggressive words, and trait aggression, but it was unrelated to anxious arousal and aggressive responding during the reaction time task. In path analyses controlling for trait aggression, normative beliefs, and trait arousability, habitual media violence exposure predicted faster accessibility of aggressive cognitions, partly mediated by higher pleasant arousal. Unprovoked aggression during the reaction time task was predicted by lower anxious arousal. Neither habitual media violence usage nor anxious or pleasant arousal predicted provoked aggression during the laboratory task, and SCL was unrelated to aggressive cognitions and behavior. No relations were found between habitual media violence viewing and arousal in response to the sad and funny film clips, and arousal in response to the sad and funny clips did not predict aggressive cognitions or aggressive behavior on the laboratory task. This suggests that the observed desensitization effects are specific to violent content.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LutzKrahe2017,
  author    = {Lutz, Johannes and Krahe, Barbara},
  title     = {Inducing sadness reduces anger-driven aggressive behavior},
  series = {Psychology of violence},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Psychology of violence},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2152-0828},
  doi       = {10.1037/vio0000167},
  pages     = {358 -- 366},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Objective: The incompatible response hypothesis states that inducing incompatible emotional states mitigates the effect of situational risk factors on aggressive behavior. The current study extended this approach to situated aggression control to withdrawal-related negative emotions. We proposed that even a negative affective state can be incompatible with aggression if its basic motivational orientation counteracts the approach orientation underlying anger and aggression. Specifically, we predicted that although it is inherently negative, sadness may reduce anger-driven aggressive behavior. Method: An experiment was conducted (N = 149) in which half the participants were angered by means of a frustrating number-sequences task, whereas the other half were asked to engage in a similar but nonfrustrating task. To counteract anger-driven aggressive behavior, sadness was induced in half the participants by asking them to recall a sad personal episode. Participants in the no-sadness group recalled an affectively neutral episode. Finally, participants were asked to choose the difficulty level of the number sequences that would ostensibly be assigned to future participants, with the number of difficult sequences chosen indicating the strength of the aggressive response. Results: As predicted, the induction of sadness buffered anger-related aggressive behavior. Anger translated into aggression in the control condition but not in the sadness condition. The aggression-inhibiting effect of the experience of sadness was found to be driven by the compensating coactivation of anger and sadness. Conclusions: The results support the extension of the incompatible response hypothesis to withdrawal-related negative emotions and shed further light on the underlying processes.},
  language  = {en}
}