@article{WestphalVockLazarides2019,
  author    = {Westphal, Andrea and Vock, Miriam and Lazarides, Rebecca},
  title     = {Are more conscientious seventh- and ninth-graders less likely to be retained?},
  series = {Journal of applied developmental psychology : an internat. multidisciplinary},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Journal of applied developmental psychology : an internat. multidisciplinary},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0193-3973},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101088},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Previous research has identified students' personality traits, especially conscientiousness, as highly relevant predictors of academic success. Less is known about the role of Big Five personality traits in students when it comes to teachers' decisions about students' educational trajectories and whether personality traits differentially affect these decisions by teachers in different grade levels. This study examines to what extent students' Big Five personality traits affect teacher decisions on grade retention, looking at two cohorts of 12,146 ninth-grade and 6002 seventh-grade students from the German National Educational Panel Study. In both grade levels, multilevel logistic mediation models show that students' conscientiousness indirectly predicts grade retention through the assignment of grades by teachers. In the ninth-grade sample, students' conscientiousness was additionally a direct predictor of retention, distinct from teacher-assigned grades. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and explore whether teachers base their decisions on different indicators when retaining seventh-grade students or ninth-grade students.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Felber2011,
  author    = {Felber, Juliane},
  title     = {Der Berufseinstieg von {\"A}rztInnen als normatives kritisches Lebensereignis : eine L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58028},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung wurde der Berufseinstieg von {\"A}rztInnen (N = 185) als normatives kritisches Lebensereignis untersucht. Dazu wurden sie insgesamt drei Mal im Abstand von jeweils sechs Monaten im ersten Jahr nach ihrem Studiumsabschluss befragt (T1: in den ersten zwei Wochen nach dem Staatsexamen, T2: kurzzeitig nach dem Berufseinstieg, T3: im Schnitt 9.5 Monate nach dem Berufseinstieg). Die Ergebnisse zeigten zun{\"a}chst, dass unl{\"a}ngst examinierte Jung-{\"A}rztInnen, die sich vergleichsweise schlechter auf den Beruf durch das Studium vorbereitet f{\"u}hlten, ihren bevorstehenden Berufseinstieg negativer bewerteten und schon vor diesem beanspruchter waren. Die Bewertung des Berufseinstiegs vermittelte dabei den Zusammenhang zwischen einer schlechten Vorbereitung und der Beanspruchung. Arbeitsspezifische Copingfunktionalit{\"a}t wiederum pufferte den Zusammenhang zwischen einer schlechten Vorbereitung und der Bewertung des Berufseinstiegs. Das Problem einer als schlecht empfundenen Vorbereitung verdeutlichte sich in der L{\"a}ngsschnittanalyse - sie sagte eine h{\"o}here Beanspruchung zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt, d.h. nach dem Berufseinstieg, vorher. In der Untersuchung der Beanspruchungsentwicklung {\"u}ber die drei Messzeitpunkte hinweg fanden sich nur wenige Ver{\"a}nderungen. Es ließ sich zwar eine deutliche Zunahme der mittleren Depressivit{\"a}ts-Auspr{\"a}gungen {\"u}ber den Berufseinstieg hinweg herausstellen (T1-T2); auf anderen Beanspruchungsindikatoren zeigte sich jedoch kein direkter Effekt des Arbeitsbeginns bzw. fand sich auch keine Adaptation der Jung-{\"A}rztInnen an ihre neue Situation im Sinne einer sich verringernden Beanspruchung im weiteren Verlauf (T2-T3). In der Erkl{\"a}rung interindividueller Unterschiede in der Beanspruchung im Untersuchungszeitraum zeigte sich, dass die sich mit dem Berufseinstieg einstellende Arbeitsbelastung zum zweiten und dritten Messzeitpunkt erwartungsgem{\"a}ß positiv mit Beanspruchung assoziiert war. Die Arbeitsbelastungs-Beanspruchungs-Beziehung bestand jedoch nur im Querschnitt; in der L{\"a}ngsschnittanalyse fand sich kein Effekt der T2-Arbeitsbelastung auf die T3-Beanspruchung. Ausgangsunterschiede in psychischen Ressourcen wirkten einerseits direkt auf die Beanspruchung zu T2, zum Teil moderierten sie aber auch den Zusammenhang zwischen der Arbeitsbelastung und Beanspruchung: Eine h{\"o}here Resilienz und die Wahrnehmung sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung sagten eine geringere Beanspruchung nach dem Berufseinstieg vorher. Jung-{\"A}rztInnen, die sich durch eine st{\"a}rkere Arbeitsbelastung auszeichneten, aber {\"u}ber ein funktionaleres Bew{\"a}ltigungsverhalten im Arbeitskontext verf{\"u}gten, waren kurzzeitig nach dem Berufseinstieg weniger beansprucht als stark arbeitsbelastete Jung-{\"A}rztInnen mit weniger funktionalem Coping. Verringerungen in den psychischen Ressourcen {\"u}ber den Berufseinstieg hinweg wirkten sich direkt, d.h. per se ung{\"u}nstig auf die Beanspruchung zum dritten Messzeitpunkt aus. Zudem interagierten sie mit der zu diesem Zeitpunkt bestehenden Arbeitsbelastung in Vorhersage der Beanspruchung. St{\"a}rker arbeitsbelastete Jung-{\"A}rztInnen, deren Copingfunktionalit{\"a}t und Wahrnehmung sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung vom ersten zum dritten Messzeitpunkt abgenommen hatte, waren am Ende des Untersuchungszeitraums am st{\"a}rksten beansprucht. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen des Berufseinstiegs auf die Pers{\"o}nlichkeit der Jung-{\"A}rztInnen fanden sich ung{\"u}nstige Ver{\"a}nderungen: Sowohl die Auspr{\"a}gungen psychischer Ressourcen (Widerstandsf{\"a}higkeit, Wahrnehmung sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung hinsichtlich der Arbeitst{\"a}tigkeit) als auch die der Big Five-Faktoren nahmen im Mittel ab. Interindividuelle Unterschiede in den Ver{\"a}nderungen ließen sich auf die Beanspruchung kurzzeitig nach dem Berufseinstieg (T2) bzw. auf deren Entwicklung in den Folgemonaten (T2-T3) zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hren: Jene Jung-{\"A}rztInnen, die vergleichsweise stark beansprucht auf den Berufseinstieg reagiert hatten bzw. deren Beanspruchung im weiteren Verlauf zunahm, zeigten entsprechend ung{\"u}nstige Ver{\"a}nderungen. Die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst verdeutlicht sich folgende Problematik: Jung-{\"A}rztInnen, die weniger gut, d.h. pers{\"o}nlichkeitsbasiert gesch{\"u}tzt den Berufseinstieg absolvieren, reagieren st{\"a}rker beansprucht und sind dann auch diejenigen, deren Pers{\"o}nlichkeit sich in den ersten Arbeitsmonaten ung{\"u}nstig ver{\"a}ndert. Jung-{\"A}rztInnen mit geringen psychischen Ressourcen sind folglich nicht nur besonders vulnerabel f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Beanspruchung angesichts belastender Arbeitsbedingungen, sondern ihre vergleichsweise hohe Beanspruchung bedingt eine weitere Verringerung des Schutz- und Pufferpotenzials ihrer Pers{\"o}nlichkeit. Es kommt zu einer ung{\"u}nstigen Akzentuierung der ohnehin schon vergleichsweise ressourcenschwachen Pers{\"o}nlichkeit, welche die Vulnerabilit{\"a}t f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Beanspruchung erh{\"o}ht. Aus den Ergebnissen l{\"a}sst sich ein Unterst{\"u}tzungsbedarf junger {\"A}rztInnen in der sensiblen und wegweisenden Berufseinstiegsphase ableiten. Neben einer Verbesserung ihrer Arbeitsbedingungen stellen eine rechtzeitige Sensibilisierung junger {\"A}rztInnen f{\"u}r den Arbeitsbelastungs-Beanspruchungs-Zusammenhang, ihre regelm{\"a}ßige Supervision sowie vor allem aber auch kompetenzorientiertes und ressourcenst{\"a}rkendes Feedback von den Mentoren und Vorgesetzten die Grundlage daf{\"u}r dar, dass die Jung-MedizinerInnen selbst gesund bleiben und sie die {\"a}rztliche T{\"a}tigkeit trotz ihres wohl stets hohen Belastungspotenzials als erf{\"u}llend und zufriedenstellend erleben.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MillesDammhahnJeltschetal.2022,
  author    = {Milles, Alexander Benedikt and Dammhahn, Melanie and Jeltsch, Florian and Schl{\"a}gel, Ulrike and Grimm, Volker},
  title     = {Fluctuations in density-dependent selection drive the evolution of a pace-of-life syndrome within and between populations},
  series = {The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences},
  volume    = {199},
  journal   = {The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press},
  address   = {Chicago},
  issn      = {0003-0147},
  doi       = {10.1086/718473},
  pages     = {E124 -- E139},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis posits that suites of traits are correlated along a slow-fast continuum owing to life history trade-offs. Despite widespread adoption, environmental conditions driving the emergence of POLS remain unclear. A recently proposed conceptual framework of POLS suggests that a slow-fast continuum should align to fluctuations in density-dependent selection. We tested three key predictions made by this framework with an ecoevolutionary agent-based population model. Selection acted on responsiveness (behavioral trait) to interpatch resource differences and the reproductive investment threshold (life history trait). Across environments with density fluctuations of different magnitudes, we observed the emergence of a common axis of trait covariation between and within populations (i.e., the evolution of a POLS). Slow-type (fast-type) populations with high (low) responsiveness and low (high) reproductive investment threshold were selected at high (low) population densities and less (more) intense and frequent density fluctuations. In support of the predictions, fast-type populations contained a higher degree of variation in traits and were associated with higher intrinsic reproductive rate (r(0)) and higher sensitivity to intraspecific competition (gamma), pointing to a universal trade-off. While our findings support that POLS aligns with density-dependent selection, we discuss possible mechanisms that may lead to alternative evolutionary pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltzmanTackmanCareyetal.2019,
  author    = {Holtzman, Nicholas S. and Tackman, Allison M. and Carey, Angela L. and Brucks, Melanie S. and Kuefner, Albrecht C. P. and Deters, Fenne Grosse and Back, Mitja D. and Donnellan, M. Brent and Pennebaker, James W. and Sherman, Ryne A. and Mehl, Matthias R.},
  title     = {Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples},
  series = {Journal of Language and Social Psychology},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Journal of Language and Social Psychology},
  number    = {5-6},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0261-927X},
  doi       = {10.1177/0261927X19871084},
  pages     = {773 -- 786},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| < .10).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SotardiBoschBrogt2020,
  author    = {Sotardi, Valerie A. and Bosch, Jannis and Brogt, Erik},
  title     = {Multidimensional influences of anxiety and assessment type on task performance},
  series = {Social psychology of education : an international journal},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Social psychology of education : an international journal},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1381-2890},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11218-019-09508-3},
  pages     = {499 -- 522},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {We examined state evaluation anxiety, trait evaluation anxiety, and neuroticism in relation to New Zealand first-year university students' (n = 234) task performance on either a test or essay assessment. For both assessment types, the underlying components of state evaluation anxiety (cognitive worry, emotionality, and distraction) reflect linear-as opposed to nonlinear-associations with task performance. Results of several regression models show differential effects of both state evaluation anxiety and neuroticism on task performance depending on the assessment type. The multi-dimensionality of anxiety and its relative contribution on task performance across authentic types of assessment are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeVandeVijverFetvadjievetal.2017,
  author    = {He, Jia and Van de Vijver, Fons J. R. and Fetvadjiev, Velichko H. and Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra de Carmen and Adams, Byron and Alonso-Arbiol, Itziar and Aydinli-Karakulak, Arzu and Buzea, Carmen and Dimitrova, Radosveta and Fortin, Alvaro and Hapunda, Given and Ma, Sang and Sargautyte, Ruta and Sim, Samantha and Schachner, Maja Katharina and Suryani, Angela and Zeinoun, Pia and Zhang, Rui},
  title     = {On Enhancing the Cross-Cultural Comparability of Likert-Scale Personality and Value Measures: A Comparison of Common Procedures},
  series = {European journal of personality},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {European journal of personality},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0890-2070},
  doi       = {10.1002/per.2132},
  pages     = {642 -- 657},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This study aims to evaluate a number of procedures that have been proposed to enhance cross-cultural comparability of personality and value data. A priori procedures (anchoring vignettes and direct measures of response styles (i.e. acquiescence, extremity, midpoint responding, and social desirability), a posteriori procedures focusing on data transformations prior to analysis (ipsatization and item parcelling), and two data modelling procedures (treating data as continuous vs as ordered categories) were compared using data collected from university students in 16 countries. We found that (i) anchoring vignettes showed lack of invariance, so they were not bias-free; (ii) anchoring vignettes showed higher internal consistencies than raw scores where all other correction procedures, notably ipsatization, showed lower internal consistencies; (iii) in measurement invariance testing, no procedure yielded scalar invariance; anchoring vignettes and item parcelling slightly improved comparability, response style correction did not affect it, and ipsatization resulted in lower comparability; (iv) treating Likert-scale data as categorical resulted in higher levels of comparability; (v) factor scores of scales extracted from different procedures showed similar correlational patterning; and (vi) response style correction was the only procedure that suggested improvement in external validity of country-level conscientiousness. We conclude that, although no procedure resolves all comparability issues, anchoring vignettes, parcelling, and treating data as ordered categories seem promising to alleviate incomparability. We advise caution in uncritically applying any of these procedures. Copyright (c) 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ButkovicGalesic2022,
  author    = {Butkovic, Ana and Galesic, Mirta},
  title     = {Relationship between COVID-19 threat beliefs and individual differences in demographics, personality, and related beliefs},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831199},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these different types of individual differences to COVID-19 threat beliefs are not known. In this study, a total of 1,700 participants in Croatia (68\% female; age 18-86 years) completed a survey that included questions about COVID-19 risks, questions about related beliefs including vaccination beliefs, trust in the health system, trust in scientists, and trust in the political system, the HEXACO 60 personality inventory, as well as demographic questions about gender, age, chronic diseases, and region. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the proportion of variance explained by demographics, personality, and other related beliefs. All three types of individual differences explained a part of the variance of COVID-19 threat beliefs, with related beliefs explaining the largest part. Personality facets explained a slightly larger amount of variance than personality factors. These results have implications for communication about COVID-19.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1990,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Situation cognition and coherence in personality : an individual-centered approach},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33554},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {This volume reexamines the long-standing controversy about consistency in personality from a social psychological perspective. Barabara Krah{\´e} reconsiders the concept of consistency in terms of the systematic coherence of situation cognition and behaviour across situations. In the first part of the volume she undertakes an examination of recent social psychological models of situation cognition for their ability to clarify the principles underlying the perception of situational similarities. She then advances an individual-centred methedology in which nomothetic hypotheses about cross-situational coherence are tested on the basis of idiogrphic measurement of situation cognition and behaviour. In the second part of the volume, a series of empirical studies is reported which apply the individual-centred framework to the analysis of cross-situational coherence in the domain of anxiety-provoking situations. These studies are distinctive in that they extend over several months and use free-response data; they are based on idiographic sampling; and they employ explicit theoretical models to capture the central features of situation perception. The results demonstrate the benefits of integrating idiographic and nomothetic research strategies and exploiting the advantages of both perspectives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PremierFickelHeurichetal.2020,
  author    = {Premier, Joseph and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Heurich, Marco and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie},
  title     = {The boon and bane of boldness},
  series = {Movement Ecology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Movement Ecology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2051-3933},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40462-020-00204-y},
  pages     = {1 -- 17},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Many felid species are of high conservation concern, and with increasing human disturbance the situation is worsening. Small isolated populations are at risk of genetic impoverishment decreasing within-species biodiversity. Movement is known to be a key behavioural trait that shapes both demographic and genetic dynamics and affects population survival. However, we have limited knowledge on how different manifestations of movement behaviour translate to population processes. In this study, we aimed to 1) understand the potential effects of movement behaviour on the genetic diversity of small felid populations in heterogeneous landscapes, while 2) presenting a simulation tool that can help inform conservation practitioners following, or considering, population management actions targeting the risk of genetic impoverishment. Methods: We developed a spatially explicit individual-based population model including neutral genetic markers for felids and applied this to the example of Eurasian lynx. Using a neutral landscape approach, we simulated reintroductions into a three-patch system, comprising two breeding patches separated by a larger patch of differing landscape heterogeneity, and tested for the effects of various behavioural movement syndromes and founder population sizes. We explored a range of movement syndromes by simulating populations with various movement model parametrisations that range from 'shy' to 'bold' movement behaviour. Results: We find that movement syndromes can lead to a higher loss of genetic diversity and an increase in between population genetic structure for both "bold" and "shy" movement behaviours, depending on landscape conditions, with larger decreases in genetic diversity and larger increases in genetic differentiation associated with bold movement syndromes, where the first colonisers quickly reproduce and subsequently dominate the gene pool. In addition, we underline the fact that a larger founder population can offset the genetic losses associated with subpopulation isolation and gene pool dominance. Conclusions We identified a movement syndrome trade-off for population genetic variation, whereby bold-explorers could be saviours - by connecting populations and promoting panmixia, or sinks - by increasing genetic losses via a 'founder takes all' effect, whereas shy-stayers maintain a more gradual genetic drift due to their more cautious behaviour. Simulations should incorporate movement behaviour to provide better projections of long-term population viability and within-species biodiversity, which includes genetic diversity. Simulations incorporating demographics and genetics have great potential for informing conservation management actions, such as population reintroductions or reinforcements. Here, we present such a simulation tool for solitary felids.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FitziMele2017,
  author    = {Fitzi, Gregor and Mele, Vincenzo},
  title     = {The corrosion of character},
  series = {Journal of Classical Sociology},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Journal of Classical Sociology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1468-795X},
  doi       = {10.1177/1468795X17693436},
  pages     = {143 -- 155},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The topic of this imaginary dialogue between Georg Simmel and Max Weber is the relation between work - in the sense of labour - and personality. Its aim is to show that the thinking of these 'founding fathers' of sociology can furnish valuable insight into the current issue of the corrosion of character in contemporary post-Fordist society. The concept of work still represents one of the major factors determining modern individuals' ability (or inability) to formulate personal, stable identities that enable them to become fully socialized. Both Simmel and Weber make reference to a common theoretical background that views the human being as a creature with originally rational potential, who is faced with the task of becoming a personality by means of consciously chosen life behaviour: This is evident in the parallelism between Simmel's interest in the concept of 'style of life' (Der Stil des Lebens) and Weber's research on the 'life conduct' (Lebensf{\"u}hrung) that arose in Western rationalistic culture.},
  language  = {en}
}