@article{DolyaRojasKosmellaetal.2013,
  author    = {Dolya, Natalya and Rojas, Oscar and Kosmella, Sabine and Tiersch, Brigitte and Koetz, Joachim and Kudaibergenov, Sarkyt},
  title     = {"One-Pot" in situ frmation of Gold Nanoparticles within Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels},
  series = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics},
  volume    = {214},
  journal   = {Macromolecular chemistry and physics},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1022-1352},
  doi       = {10.1002/macp.201200727},
  pages     = {1114 -- 1121},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {This paper focuses on two different strategies to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the matrix of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is used as both reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of AuNPs. In addition, the influence of an ionic liquid (IL) (i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate) on the stability of the nanoparticles and their immobilization in the hydrogel is investigated The results show that AuNPs surrounded by a shell containing PEI and IL, synthesized according to the one-pot approach, are much better immobilized within the PAAm hydrogel. Hereby, the IL is responsible for structural changes in the hydrogel as well as the improved stabilization and embedding of the AuNPs into the polymer gel matrix.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TaubertStangeLietal.2012,
  author    = {Taubert, Andreas and Stange, Franziska and Li, Zhonghao and Junginger, Mathias and G{\"u}nter, Christina and Neumann, Mike and Friedrich, Alwin},
  title     = {CuO nanoparticles from the Strongly Hydrated Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP) Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide evaluation of the Ethanol Sensing Activity},
  series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1944-8244},
  doi       = {10.1021/am201427q},
  pages     = {791 -- 795},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The sensing potential of CuO nanoparticles synthesized via. precipitation from a water/ionic liquid precursor (ILP) mixture was investigated. The particles have a moderate surface area of 66 m(2)/g after synthesis, which decreases upon thermal treatment to below 5 m(2)/g. Transmission electron microscopy confirms crystal growth upon annealing, likely due to sintering effects. The as-synthesized particles can be used for ethanol sensing. The respective sensors show fast response and recovery times of below 10 s and responses greater than 2.3 at 100 ppm of ethanol at 200 degrees C, which is higher than any CuO-based ethanol sensor described so far.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Grothe2012,
  author    = {Grothe, Dorian C.},
  title     = {Entwicklung und Synthese von Materialien f{\"u}r Polyelektrolytmembranen mit ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten zum Einsatz in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63690},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {F{\"u}r den Einsatz in Autobatterien gibt es besondere Anforderungen an den Elektrolyten im Bereich der Energie- und Leistungsdichten, um beispielsweise thermische Verluste gering zu halten. Hochleitf{\"a}hige Elektrolyte mit Leitf{\"a}higkeiten im Millisiemensbereich sind hier ebenso notwendig wie auch sichere, d.h. m{\"o}glichst nicht brennbare und einen niedrigen Dampfdruck besitzende Materialien. Um diese Vorgaben zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, einen polymeren Separator zu entwickeln, welcher auf brennbare organische L{\"o}sungsmittel verzichtet und damit eine drastische Steigerung der Sicherheit gew{\"a}hrleistet. Gleichzeitig m{\"u}ssen hierbei die Leistungsvorgaben bez{\"u}glich der Leitf{\"a}higkeit erf{\"u}llt werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Konzept basierend auf der Kombination von einer polymeren sauerstoffreichen Matrix und einer ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeit entwickelt und verifiziert. Dabei wurden folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen: 1. Es wurden neuartige diacrylierte sauerstoffreiche Matrixkomponenten mit vielen Carbonylfunktionen, f{\"u}r eine gute Lithiumleitf{\"a}higkeit, synthetisiert. 2. Es wurden mehrere neue ionische Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten sowohl auf Imidazolbasis als auch auf Ammoniumbasis synthetisiert und charakterisiert. 3. Die Einfl{\"u}sse der Kationenstruktur und der Einfluss der Gegenionen im Bezug auf Schmelzpunkte und Leitf{\"a}higkeiten wurden untersucht. 4. Aus den entwickelten Materialien wurden Blendsysteme hergestellt und mittels Impedanzspektrometrie untersucht: Leitf{\"a}higkeiten von 10-4S/cm bei Raumtemperatur sind realisierbar. 5. Die Blendsysteme wurden auf ihre thermische Stabilit{\"a}t hin untersucht: Stabilit{\"a}ten bis 250°C sind erreichbar. Dabei wird keine kristalline Struktur beobachtet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{TaubertLoebbickeKirchneretal.2017,
  author    = {Taubert, Andreas and L{\"o}bbicke, Ruben and Kirchner, Barbara and Leroux, Fabrice},
  title     = {First examples of organosilica-based ionogels},
  series = {Beilstein journal of nanotechnology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Beilstein journal of nanotechnology},
  publisher = {Beilstein-Institut zur F{\"o}rderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften},
  address   = {Frankfurt, Main},
  issn      = {2190-4286},
  doi       = {10.3762/bjnano.8.77},
  pages     = {736 -- 751},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The article describes the synthesis and properties of new ionogels for ion transport. A new preparation process using an organic linker, bis(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl) amine (BTMSPA), yields stable organosilica matrix materials. The second ionogel component, the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl) imidazolium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, [BmimSO(3)H][PTS], can easily be prepared with near-quantitative yields. [BmimSO(3)H][PTS] is the proton conducting species in the ionogel. By combining the stable organosilica matrix with the sulfonated ionic liquid, mechanically stable, and highly conductive ionogels with application potential in sensors or fuel cells can be prepared.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Goebel2011,
  author    = {G{\"o}bel, Ronald},
  title     = {Hybridmaterialien aus mesopor{\"o}sen Silica und ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54022},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Synthese und Charakterisierung mesopor{\"o}ser monolithischer Silica und deren Hybridmaterialien mit Ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten (ILs, ionic liquids). Zur Synthese der Silicaproben wurde ein Sol-Gel-Verfahren, ausgehend von einer Pr{\"a}kursorverbindung wie Tetramethylorthosilicat angewendet. Der Katalysator mit der geringsten Basizit{\"a}t f{\"u}hrte zum Material mit der kleinsten Porengr{\"o}ße und der gr{\"o}ßten spezifischen Oberfl{\"a}che. Eine Kombination von por{\"o}sen Silica mit ILs f{\"u}hrt zur Materialklasse der Silica-Ionogele. Diese Hybridmaterialien verbinden die Eigenschaften eines por{\"o}sen Festk{\"o}rpers mit denen einer IL (Leitf{\"a}higkeit, weites elektrochemisches Fenster, gute thermische Stabilit{\"a}t) und bieten vielf{\"a}ltige Einsatzm{\"o}glichkeiten z.B. in der Katalyse- Solar- und Sensortechnik. Um diese Materialien f{\"u}r ihren Verwendungszweck zu optimieren, bedarf es deren umfassenden Charakterisierung. Daher wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit das thermische Verhalten von Silica-Ionogelen unter Verwendung verschiedener 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [Emim]-basierter ILs untersucht. Interessanterweise zeigen die untersuchten ILs deutliche {\"A}nderungen in ihrem thermischen Verhalten, wenn diese in por{\"o}sen Materialien eingeschlossen werden (Confinement). W{\"a}hrend sich die untersuchten reinen ILs durch klar unterscheidbare Phasen{\"u}berg{\"a}nge auszeichnen, konnten f{\"u}r die entsprechenden Hybridmaterialien deutlich schw{\"a}cher ausgepr{\"a}gte {\"U}berg{\"a}nge beobachtet werden. Einzelne Phasen{\"u}berg{\"a}nge wurden unterdr{\"u}ckt (Glas- und Kristallisations{\"u}berg{\"a}nge), w{\"a}hrend z.B. Schmelz{\"u}berg{\"a}nge in verbreiterten Temperaturbereichen, zum Teil als einzeln getrennte Schmelzpeaks beobachtet wurden. Diese Untersuchungen belegen deutliche Eigenschafts{\"a}nderungen der ILs in eingeschr{\"a}nkten Geometrien. {\"U}ber Festk{\"o}rper-NMR-Spektroskopie konnte außerdem gezeigt werden, daß die ILs in den mesopor{\"o}sen Silicamaterialien eine unerwartet hohe Mobilit{\"a}t aufweisen. Die ILs k{\"o}nnen als quasi-fl{\"u}ssig bezeichnet werden und zeigen die nach bestem Wissen h{\"o}chste Mobilit{\"a}t, die bisher f{\"u}r vergleichbare Hybridmaterialien beobachtet wurde. Durch Verwendung von funktionalisierten Pr{\"a}kursoren, sowie der Wahl der Reaktionsbedingungen, kann die Oberfl{\"a}che der Silicamaterialien chemisch funktionalisiert werden und damit die Materialeigenschaften in der gew{\"u}nschten Weise beeinflußt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluß der Oberfl{\"a}chenfunktionalit{\"a}t auf das thermische Verhalten hin untersucht. Dazu wurden zwei verschiedene M{\"o}glichkeiten der Funktionalisierung angewendet und miteinander verglichen. Bei der in-situ-Funktionalisierung wird die chemische Funktionalit{\"a}t w{\"a}hrend der Sol-Gel-Synthese {\"u}ber ein entsprechend funktionalisiertes Silan mit in das Silicamaterial einkondensiert. Eine postsynthetische Funktionalisierung erfolgt durch Reaktion der Endgruppen eines Silicamaterials mit geeigneten Reaktionspartnern. Um den Einfluß der physikalischen Eigenschaften der Probe auf die Reaktion zu untersuchen, wurden pulverisierte und monolithische Silicamaterialien miteinander verglichen. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Vielf{\"a}ltigkeit, mit der Silicamaterialien postsynthetisch funktionalisiert werden k{\"o}nnen demonstriert. Durch die Kenntnis von Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen k{\"o}nnen die Eigenschaften von Silica-Ionogelen durch die geeignete Kombination von fester und mobiler Phase in der gew{\"u}nschten Weise ver{\"a}ndert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Untersuchung dieser Beziehungen leisten, um das Potential dieser interessanten Materialien f{\"u}r Anwendungen nutzen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Fellinger2011,
  author    = {Fellinger, Tim-Patrick},
  title     = {Hydrothermal and ionothermal carbon structures},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57825},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The needs for sustainable energy generation, but also a sustainable chemistry display the basic motivation of the current thesis. By different single investigated cases, which are all related to the element carbon, the work can be devided into two major topics. At first, the sustainable synthesis of "useful" carbon materials employing the process of hydrothermal carbonisation (HC) is described. In the second part, the synthesis of heteroatom - containing carbon materials for electrochemical and fuel cell applications employing ionic liquid precursors is presented. On base of a thorough review of the literature on hydrothermolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation of sugars in addition to the chemistry of hydroxymethylfurfural, mechanistic considerations of the formation of hydrothermal carbon are proposed. On the base of these reaction schemes, the mineral borax, is introduced as an additive for the hydrothermal carbonisation of glucose. It was found to be a highly active catalyst, resulting in decreased reaction times and increased carbon yields. The chemical impact of borax, in the following is exploited for the modification of the micro- and nanostructure of hydrothermal carbon. From the borax - mediated aggregation of those primary species, widely applicable, low density, pure hydrothermal carbon aerogels with high porosities and specific surface areas are produced. To conclude the first section of the thesis, a short series of experiments is carried out, for the purpose of demonstrating the applicability of the HC model to "real" biowaste i.e. watermelon waste as feedstock for the production of useful materials. In part two cyano - containing ionic liquids are employed as precursors for the synthesis of high - performance, heteroatom - containing carbon materials. By varying the ionic liquid precursor and the carbonisation conditions, it was possible to design highly active non - metal electrocatalyst for the reduction of oxygen. In the direct reduction of oxygen to water (like used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells), compared to commercial platinum catalysts, astonishing activities are observed. In another example the selective and very cost efficient electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide is presented. In a last example the synthesis of graphitic boron carbon nitrides from the ionic liquid 1 - Ethyl - 3 - methylimidazolium - tetracyanoborate is investigated in detail. Due to the employment of unreactive salts as a new tool to generate high surface area these materials were first time shown to be another class of non - precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalyst.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MondalMuellerJungingeretal.2014,
  author    = {Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar and Mueller, Holger and Junginger, Matthias and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Strehmel, Veronika and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Imidazolium 2-substituted 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate ionic liquids: synthesis, crystal structures and structure-thermal property relationships},
  series = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  number    = {26},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.201304934},
  pages     = {8170 -- 8181},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Thirty six novel ionic liquids (ILs) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium cations paired with 2-substitited 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anions (substituent at C2=chloro, bromo, methoxy, vinyl, amino, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and phenyl) have been synthesized and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The effects of cation and anion type and structure on the thermal properties of the resulting ionic liquids, including several room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are examined and discussed. ILs exhibited large liquid and crystallization ranges and formed glasses on cooling with glass transition temperatures in the range of -22 to -68 degrees C. The effects of alkyl substituents of the imidazolate anion reflected the crystallization, melting points and thermal decomposition of the ILs. The Coulombic packing force, van der Waals forces and size of the anions can be considered for altering the thermal transitions. Three crystal structures of the ILs were determined and the effects of changes to the cations and anions on the packing of the structure were investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Abouserie2018,
  author    = {Abouserie, Ahed},
  title     = {Ionic liquid precursors for multicomponent inorganic nanomaterials},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418950},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xx, 193},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Health effects, attributed to the environmental pollution resulted from using solvents such as benzene, are relatively unexplored among petroleum workers, personal use, and laboratory researchers. Solvents can cause various health problems, such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. As such it can be absorbed via epidermal or respiratory into the human body resulting in interacting with molecules that are responsible for biochemical and physiological processes of the brain. Owing to the ever-growing demand for finding a solution, an Ionic liquid can use as an alternative solvent. Ionic liquids are salts in a liquid state at low temperature (below 100 C), or even at room temperature. Ionic liquids impart a unique architectural platform, which has been interesting because of their unusual properties that can be tuned by simple ways such as mixing two ionic liquids. Ionic liquids not only used as reaction solvents but they became a key developing for novel applications based on their thermal stability, electric conductivity with very low vapor pressure in contrast to the conventional solvents. In this study, ionic liquids were used as a solvent and reactant at the same time for the novel nanomaterials synthesis for different applications including solar cells, gas sensors, and water splitting. The field of ionic liquids continues to grow, and become one of the most important branches of science. It appears to be at a point where research and industry can work together in a new way of thinking for green chemistry and sustainable production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BalischewskiBehrensZehbeetal.2020,
  author    = {Balischewski, Christian and Behrens, Karsten and Zehbe, Kerstin and G{\"u}nter, Christina and Mies, Stefan and Sperlich, Eric and Kelling, Alexandra and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Ionic liquids with more than one metal},
  series = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  number    = {72},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.202003097},
  pages     = {17504 -- 17513},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Thirteen N-butylpyridinium salts, including three monometallic [C4Py](2)[MCl4], nine bimetallic [C4Py](2)[(M1-xMxCl4)-M-a-Cl-b] and one trimetallic compound [C4Py](2)[(M1-y-zMyMz (c) Cl4)-M-a-M-b] (M=Co, Cu, Mn; x=0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 and y=z=0.33), were synthesized and their structure and thermal and electrochemical properties were studied. All compounds are ionic liquids (ILs) with melting points between 69 and 93 degrees C. X-ray diffraction proves that all ILs are isostructural. The conductivity at room temperature is between 10(-4) and 10(-8) S cm(-1). Some Cu-based ILs reach conductivities of 10(-2) S cm(-1), which is, however, probably due to IL dec. This correlates with the optical bandgap measurements indicating the formation of large bandgap semiconductors. At elevated temperatures approaching the melting points, the conductivities reach up to 1.47x10(-1) S cm(-1) at 70 degrees C. The electrochemical stability windows of the ILs are between 2.5 and 3.0 V.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ZehbeKolloscheLardongetal.2017,
  author    = {Zehbe, Kerstin and Kollosche, Matthias and Lardong, Sebastian and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Taubert, Andreas},
  title     = {Ionogels based on poly(methyl methacrylate) and metal-containing ionic liquids},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400607},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Ionogels (IGs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the metal-containing ionic liquids (ILs) bis-1-butyl-3-methlimidazolium tetrachloridocuprate(II), tetrachloride cobaltate(II), and tetrachlorido manganate(II) have been synthesized and their mechanical and electrical properties have been correlated with their microstructure. Unlike many previous examples, the current IGs show a decreasing stability in stress-strain experiments on increasing IL fractions. The conductivities of the current IGs are lower than those observed in similar examples in the literature. Both effects are caused by a two-phase structure with micrometer-sized IL-rich domains homogeneously dispersed an IL-deficient continuous PMMA phase. This study demonstrates that the IL-polymer miscibility and the morphology of the IGs are key parameters to control the (macroscopic) properties of IGs.},
  language  = {en}
}