@misc{AwasthiKaminskiRappetal.2019,
  author    = {Awasthi, Swapnil and Kaminski, Jakob and Rapp, Michael A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Walter, Henrik and Ruggeri, Barbara and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {A neural signature of malleability},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.139},
  pages     = {S858 -- S859},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {General intelligence has a substantial genetic background in children, adolescents, and adults, but environmental factors also strongly correlate with cognitive performance as evidenced by a strong (up to one SD) increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century. This change occurred in a period apparently too short to accommodate radical genetic changes. It is highly suggestive that environmental factors interact with genotype by possible modification of epigenetic factors that regulate gene expression and thus contribute to individual malleability. This modification might as well be reflected in recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael A. and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52597},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525972},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael A. and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Addiction Biology},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Addiction Biology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  address   = {New Jersey},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RappMellMajicetal.2013,
  author    = {Rapp, Michael A. and Mell, Thomas and Majic, Tomislav and Treusch, Yvonne and Nordheim, Johanna and Niemann-Mirmehdi, Mechthild and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Agitation in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia (VIDEANT Trial) - Effects of a Cluster-Randomized, Controlled, Guideline Implementation Trial},
  series = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1525-8610},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.017},
  pages     = {690 -- 695},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective: To test the effect of a complex guideline-based intervention on agitation and psychotropic prescriptions. Design, Setting, Participants: Cluster randomized controlled trial (VIDEANT) with blinded assessment of outcome in 18 nursing homes in Berlin, Germany, comprising 304 dementia patients. Intervention: Training, support, and activity therapy intervention, delivered at the level of each nursing home, focusing on the management of agitation in dementia. Control group nursing homes received treatment as usual. Measurements: Levels of agitated and disruptive behavior (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory [CMAI]) as the primary outcome. Number of neuroleptics, antidepressants, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) prescribed in defined daily dosages (DDDs). Results: Of 326 patients screened, 304 (93.3\%) were eligible and cluster-randomized to 9 intervention (n = 163) and 9 control (n = 141) nursing homes. Data were collected from 287 (94.4\%) patients at 10 months. At 10 months, compared with controls, nursing home residents with dementia in the intervention group exhibited significantly less agitation as measured with the CMAI (adjusted mean difference, 6.24; 95\% CI 2.03-14.14; P = .009; Cohen's d = 0.43), received fewer neuroleptics (P < .05), more ChEIs (P < .05), and more antidepressants (P < .05). Conclusion: Complex guideline-based interventions are effective in reducing agitated and disruptive behavior in nursing home residents with dementia. At the same time, increased prescription of ChEIs and antidepressants together with decreased neuroleptic prescription suggests an effect toward guideline-based pharmacotherapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzBeckRapp2016,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Beck, Anne and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Alcohol as an Environmental Mortality Hazard},
  series = {JAMA psychiatry},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {JAMA psychiatry},
  publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
  address   = {Chicago},
  issn      = {2168-622X},
  doi       = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0399},
  pages     = {549 -- 550},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MajicGutzmannHeinzetal.2013,
  author    = {Majic, Tomislav and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas and Lang, Undine E. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Animal-assisted therapy and agitation and depression in nursing home residents with dementia - a matched case-control trial},
  series = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1064-7481},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.004},
  pages     = {1052 -- 1059},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression in nursing home residents with dementia in a randomized controlled trial. Previous studies have indicated that AAT has beneficial effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms in various psychiatric disorders but few studies have investigated the efficacy of AAT in patients suffering from dementia. Methods: Of 65 nursing home residents with dementia (mean [standard deviation] age: 81.8 [9.2] years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 7.1 [0.7]), 27 matched pairs (N = 54) were randomly assigned to either treatment as usual or treatment as usual combined with AAT, administered over 10 weekly sessions. Blinded raters assessed cognitive impairment with the Mini-Mental State Examination, presence of agitation/aggression with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and depression with the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale at baseline and during a period of 4 weeks after AAT intervention. Results: In the control group, symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression significantly increased over 10 weeks; in the intervention group, patients receiving combined treatment displayed constant frequency and severity of symptoms of agitation/aggression (F-1,F-48 = 6.43; p <0.05) and depression (F-1,F-48 = 26.54; p <0.001). Symptom amelioration did not occur in either group. Conclusions: AAT is a promising option for the treatment of agitation/aggression and depression in patients with dementia. Our results suggest that AAT may delay progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented nursing home residents. Further research is needed to determine its long-time effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TreuschMajicPageetal.2015,
  author    = {Treusch, Yvonne and Majic, Tomislav and Page, Julie and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Apathy in nursing home residents with dementia: Results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.02.004},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Here we evaluate an interdisciplinary occupational and sport therapy intervention for dementia patients suffering from apathy. Subjects and methods: A prospective, controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial with two follow-ups was conducted as part of a larger cluster-randomized trial in 18 nursing homes in Berlin. n = 117 dementia patients with apathy, defined as a score of 40 or more on the apathy evaluation scale (AES) or presence of apathy on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. The intervention included 10 months of brief activities, provided once a week. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the AES scale measured directly after the intervention period and again after 12 months. Results: We found significant group differences with respect to apathy during the 10 month intervention period (F-2,F-82 = 7.79, P < 0.01), which reflected an increase in apathy in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Within one year after the intervention was ceased, the treatment group worsened and no longer differed significantly from the control group (P = 0.55). Conclusions: Our intervention was effective for the therapy of apathy in dementia, when applied, but not one year after cessation of therapy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenGarbusowSeboldetal.2022,
  author    = {Chen, Ke and Garbusow, Maria and Sebold, Miriam and Zech, Hilmar G. and Zimmermann, Ulrich and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Automatic approach behaviors in alcohol dependence: does a cognitive bias modification training affect Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects?},
  series = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)},
  volume    = {81},
  journal   = {Neuropsychobiology : official journal of the International Pharmaco-EEG Group (IPEG)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0302-282X},
  doi       = {10.1159/000526805},
  pages     = {387 -- 402},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Positively conditioned Pavlovian cues tend to promote approach and negative cues promote withdrawal in a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm, and the strength of this PIT effect was associated with the subsequent relapse risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients. When investigating the effect of alcohol-related background cues, instrumental approach behavior was inhibited in subsequent abstainers but not relapsers. An automatic approach bias towards alcohol can be modified using a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention, which has previously been shown to reduce the relapse risk in AD patients. Here we examined the effects of such CBM training on PIT effects and explored its effect on the relapse risk in detoxified AD patients. Methods: N = 81 recently detoxified AD patients performed non-drug-related and drug-related PIT tasks before and after CBM versus placebo training. In addition, an alcohol approach/avoidance task (aAAT) was performed before and after the training to assess the alcohol approach bias. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: A stronger alcohol approach bias as well as a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect predicted relapse status in AD patients. No significant difference regarding relapse status or the number of heavy drinking days was found when comparing the CBM training group versus the placebo group. Moreover, there was no significant modulation effect of CBM training on any PIT effect or the aAAT. Conclusion: A higher alcohol approach bias in the aAAT and a stronger non-drug-related PIT effect both predicted relapse in AD patients, while treatment outcome was not associated with the drug-related PIT effect. Unlike expected, CBM training did not significantly interact with the non-drug-related or the drug-related PIT effects or the alcohol approach bias.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HeinzKlugeSchoulerOcaketal.2015,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kluge, U. and Schouler-Ocak, M. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Biological Effects of Social Exclusion},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {30},
  booktitle = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  pages     = {1},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we assess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region of Kenya found 740 km inland from the present-day coastline of the Indian Ocean at an elevation of 620 m. The specimen is similar to 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates of the emergence of modern straptoothed whales (Mesoplodon). The whale traveled from the Indian Ocean inland along an eastward-directed drainage system controlled by the Cretaceous Anza Graben and was stranded slightly above sea level. Surface uplift from near sea level coincides with paleoclimatic change from a humid environment to highly variable and much drier conditions, which altered biotic communities and drove evolution in east Africa, including that of primates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelRiemerSchulteetal.2014,
  author    = {Heinzel, Stephan and Riemer, Thomas G. and Schulte, Stefanie and Onken, Johanna and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects age-related changes in plasticity in working memory: a pilot study},
  series = {BioMed research international},
  journal   = {BioMed research international},
  publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corp.},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2314-6133},
  doi       = {10.1155/2014/414351},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objectives. Recent work suggests that a genetic variation associated with increased dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met; COMT) amplifies age-related changes in working memory performance. Research on younger adults indicates that the influence of dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms on working memory performance increases when testing the cognitive limits through training. To date, this has not been studied in older adults. Method. Here we investigate the effect of COMT genotype on plasticity in working memory in a sample of 14 younger (aged 24-30 years) and 25 older (aged 60-75 years) healthy adults. Participants underwent adaptive training in the n-back working memory task over 12 sessions under increasing difficulty conditions. Results. Both younger and older adults exhibited sizeable behavioral plasticity through training (P < .001), which was larger in younger as compared to older adults (P < .001). Age-related differences were qualified by an interaction with COMT genotype (P < .001), and this interaction was due to decreased behavioral plasticity in older adults carrying the Val/Val genotype, while there was no effect of genotype in younger adults. Discussion. Our findings indicate that age-related changes in plasticity in working memory are critically affected by genetic variation in prefrontal dopamine metabolism.},
  language  = {en}
}