@article{FritschLiedl2022, author = {Fritsch, Nina-Sophie and Liedl, Bernd}, title = {Who belongs to the middle income class in Europe?}, series = {International journal of sociology}, volume = {53}, journal = {International journal of sociology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0020-7659}, doi = {10.1080/00207659.2022.2151765}, pages = {59 -- 82}, year = {2022}, abstract = {For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men.}, language = {en} } @article{HuChengXuetal.2021, author = {Hu, Ting-Li and Cheng, Feng and Xu, Zhen and Chen, Zhong-Zheng and Yu, Lei and Ban, Qian and Li, Chun-Lin and Pan, Tao and Zhang, Bao-Wei}, title = {Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of the genus Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae)}, series = {Zoological research : ZR = Dongwuxue-yanjiu : jikan / published by Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguo Kexueyuan Kunming Dongwu Yanjiusuo zhuban, Dongwuxue-yanjiu Bianji Weiyuanhui bianji}, volume = {42}, journal = {Zoological research : ZR = Dongwuxue-yanjiu : jikan / published by Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguo Kexueyuan Kunming Dongwu Yanjiusuo zhuban, Dongwuxue-yanjiu Bianji Weiyuanhui bianji}, number = {1}, publisher = {Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe}, address = {Kunming}, issn = {2095-8137}, doi = {10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.132}, pages = {100 -- 107}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this study, we reassessed the taxonomic position of Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae) from Huangshan, Anhui, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Results suggested that Typhlomys is comprised of up to six species, including four currently recognized species ( Typhlomys cinereus, T. chapensis, T. daloushanensis, and T. nanus), one unconfirmed candidate species, and one new species ( Typhlomys huangshanensis sp. nov.). Morphological analyses further supported the designation of the Huangshan specimens found at mid-elevations in the southern Huangshan Mountains (600 m to 1 200 m a.s.l.) as a new species.}, language = {en} } @article{FritschSprengelEvansetal.2021, author = {Fritsch, Tobias and Sprengel, Maximilian and Evans, Alexander and Farahbod-Sternahl, Lena and Saliwan-Neumann, Romeo and Hofmann, Michael and Bruno, Giovanni}, title = {On the determination of residual stresses in additively manufactured lattice structures}, series = {Journal of applied crystallography / International Union of Crystallography}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of applied crystallography / International Union of Crystallography}, publisher = {Munksgaard}, address = {Copenhagen}, issn = {0021-8898}, doi = {10.1107/S1600576720015344}, pages = {228 -- 236}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The determination of residual stresses becomes more complicated with increasing complexity of the structures investigated. Additive manufacturing techniques generally allow the production of 'lattice structures' without any additional manufacturing step. These lattice structures consist of thin struts and are thus susceptible to internal stress-induced distortion and even cracks. In most cases, internal stresses remain locked in the structures as residual stress. The determination of the residual stress in lattice structures through nondestructive neutron diffraction is described in this work. It is shown how two difficulties can be overcome: (a) the correct alignment of the lattice structures within the neutron beam and (b) the correct determination of the residual stress field in a representative part of the structure. The magnitude and the direction of residual stress are discussed. The residual stress in the strut was found to be uniaxial and to follow the orientation of the strut, while the residual stress in the knots was more hydrostatic. Additionally, it is shown that strain measurements in at least seven independent directions are necessary for the estimation of the principal stress directions. The measurement directions should be chosen according to the sample geometry and an informed choice on the possible strain field. If the most prominent direction is not measured, the error in the calculated stress magnitude increases considerably.}, language = {en} } @article{MendezMasoPuigdellosasSandevetal.2021, author = {Mendez, Vicenc and Maso-Puigdellosas, Axel and Sandev, Trifce and Campos, Daniel}, title = {Continuous time random walks under Markovian resetting}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {103}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2470-0045}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.103.022103}, pages = {8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We investigate the effects of Markovian resetting events on continuous time random walks where the waiting times and the jump lengths are random variables distributed according to power-law probability density functions. We prove the existence of a nonequilibrium stationary state and finite mean first arrival time. However, the existence of an optimum reset rate is conditioned to a specific relationship between the exponents of both power-law tails. We also investigate the search efficiency by finding the optimal random walk which minimizes the mean first arrival time in terms of the reset rate, the distance of the initial position to the target, and the characteristic transport exponents.}, language = {en} } @article{BrahmsHortobagyiKressigetal.2021, author = {Brahms, Clemens Markus and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Kressig, Reto W. and Granacher, Urs}, title = {The Interaction between mobility status and exercise specificity in older adults}, series = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews}, volume = {49}, journal = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Hagerstown, Md.}, issn = {0091-6331}, doi = {10.1249/JES.0000000000000237}, pages = {15 -- 22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Many adults older than 60 yr experience mobility limitations. Although physical exercise improves older adults' mobility, differences in baseline mobility produce large variations in individual responses to interventions, and these responses could further vary by the type and dose of exercise. Here, we propose an exercise prescription model for older adults based on their current mobility status.}, language = {en} } @article{TungSunWangetal.2021, author = {Tung, Wing Tai and Sun, Xianlei and Wang, Weiwei and Xu, Xun and Ma, Nan and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Structure, mechanical properties and degradation behavior of electrospun PEEU fiber meshes and films}, series = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, volume = {6}, journal = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2059-8521}, doi = {10.1557/s43580-020-00001-0}, pages = {276 -- 282}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The capability of a degradable implant to provide mechanical support depends on its degradation behavior. Hydrolytic degradation was studied for a polyesteretherurethane (PEEU70), which consists of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) segments with a weight ratio of 70:30 linked by diurethane junction units. PEEU70 samples prepared in the form of meshes with average fiber diameters of 1.5 mu m (mesh1.5) and 1.2 mu m (mesh1.2), and films were sterilized and incubated in PBS at 37 degrees C with 5 vol\% CO2 supply for 1 to 6 weeks. Degradation features, such as cracks or wrinkles, became apparent from week 4 for all samples. Mass loss was found to be 11 wt\%, 6 wt\%, and 4 wt\% for mesh1.2, mesh1.5, and films at week 6. The elongation at break decreased to under 20\% in two weeks for mesh1.2. In case of the other two samples, this level of degradation was achieved after 4 weeks. The weight average molecular weight of both PEEU70 mesh and film samples decreased to below 30 kg/mol when elongation at break dropped below 20\%. The time period of sustained mechanical stability of PEEU70-based meshes depends on the fiber diameter and molecular weight.}, language = {en} } @article{SushchBrosePohletal.2022, author = {Sushch, Iurii and Brose, Robert and Pohl, Martin and Plotko, Pavlo and Das, Samata}, title = {Leptonic nonthermal emission from supernova remnants evolving in the circumstellar magnetic field}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {926}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac3cb8}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed from a number of supernova remnants (SNRs) indicates particle acceleration to high energies at the shock of the remnants and a potentially significant contribution to Galactic cosmic rays. It is extremely difficult to determine whether protons (through hadronic interactions and subsequent pion decay) or electrons (through inverse Compton scattering on ambient photon fields) are responsible for this emission. For a successful diagnostic, a good understanding of the spatial and energy distribution of the underlying particle population is crucial. Most SNRs are created in core-collapse explosions and expand into the wind bubble of their progenitor stars. This circumstellar medium features a complex spatial distribution of gas and magnetic field which naturally strongly affects the resulting particle population. In this work, we conduct a detailed study of the spectro-spatial evolution of the electrons accelerated at the forward shock of core-collapse SNRs and their nonthermal radiation, using the RATPaC code that is designed for the time- and spatially dependent treatment of particle acceleration at SNR shocks. We focus on the impact of the spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field through the efficiency of diffusion and synchrotron cooling. It is demonstrated that the structure of the circumstellar magnetic field can leave strong signatures in the spectrum and morphology of the resulting nonthermal emission.}, language = {en} } @article{LehnStefanPeterMachannetal.2022, author = {Lehn-Stefan, Angela and Peter, Andreas and Machann, J{\"u}rgen and Schick, Fritz and Randrianarisoa, Elko and Heni, Martin and Wagner, Robert and Birkenfeld, Andreas L. and Fritsche, Andreas and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Stefan, Norbert and Kantartzis, Konstantinos}, title = {Impaired metabolic health and low cardiorespiratory fitness independently associate with subclinical atherosclerosis in obesity}, series = {The journal of clinical endocrinology \& metabolism}, volume = {107}, journal = {The journal of clinical endocrinology \& metabolism}, number = {6}, publisher = {Endocrine Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0021-972X}, doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgac091}, pages = {E2417 -- E2424}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Context For a given body mass index (BMI), both impaired metabolic health (MH) and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) associate with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective It remains unknown whether both risk phenotypes relate to CVD independently of each other, and whether these relationships differ in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects. Methods Data from 421 participants from the Tubingen Diabetes Family Study, who had measurements of anthropometrics, metabolic parameters, CRF (maximal aerobic capacity [VO2max]) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis, were analyzed. Subjects were divided by BMI and MH status into 6 phenotypes. Results In univariate analyses, older age, increased BMI, and a metabolic risk profile correlated positively, while insulin sensitivity and VO2max negatively with cIMT. In multivariable analyses in obese subjects, older age, male sex, lower VO2max (std. ss -0.21, P = 0.002) and impaired MH (std. ss 0.13, P = 0.02) were independent determinants of increased cIMT. After adjustment for age and sex, subjects with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) had higher cIMT than subjects with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW; 0.59 +/- 0.009 vs 0.52 +/- 0.01 mm; P < 0.05). When VO2max was additionally included in this model, the difference in cIMT between MHO and MHNW groups became statistically nonsignificant (0.58 +/- 0.009 vs 0.56 +/- 0.02 mm; P > 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that impaired MH and low CRF independently determine increased cIMT in obese subjects and that low CRF may explain part of the increased CVD risk observed in MHO compared with MHNW.}, language = {en} } @article{HerzogvonReppertPudelletal.2022, author = {Herzog, Marc and von Reppert, Alexander and Pudell, Jan-Etienne and Henkel, Carsten and Kronseder, Matthias and Back, Christian H. and Maznev, Alexei A. and Bargheer, Matias}, title = {Phonon-dominated energy transport in purely metallic heterostructures}, series = {Advanced functional materials}, volume = {32}, journal = {Advanced functional materials}, number = {41}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1616-301X}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.202206179}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Ultrafast X-ray diffraction is used to quantify the transport of energy in laser-excited nanoscale gold-nickel (Au-Ni) bilayers. Electron transport and efficient electron-phonon coupling in Ni convert the laser-deposited energy in the conduction electrons within a few picoseconds into a strong non-equilibrium between hot Ni and cold Au phonons at the bilayer interface. Modeling of the subsequent equilibration dynamics within various two-temperature models confirms that for ultrathin Au films, the thermal transport is dominated by phonons instead of conduction electrons because of the weak electron-phonon coupling in Au.}, language = {en} } @article{FernandezPalominoHattermannKrysanovaetal.2022, author = {Fernandez-Palomino, Carlos Antonio and Hattermann, Fred and Krysanova, Valentina and Lobanova, Anastasia and Vega-Jacome, Fiorella and Lavado, Waldo and Santini, William and Aybar, Cesar and Bronstert, Axel}, title = {A novel high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset for peruvian and ecuadorian watersheds}, series = {Journal of hydrometeorology}, volume = {23}, journal = {Journal of hydrometeorology}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Meteorological Soc.}, address = {Boston}, issn = {1525-755X}, doi = {10.1175/JHM-D-20-0285.1}, pages = {309 -- 336}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A novel approach for estimating precipitation patterns is developed here and applied to generate a new hydrologically corrected daily precipitation dataset, called RAIN4PE (Rain for Peru and Ecuador), at 0.1 degrees spatial resolution for the period 1981-2015 covering Peru and Ecuador. It is based on the application of 1) the random forest method to merge multisource precipitation estimates (gauge, satellite, and reanalysis) with terrain elevation, and 2) observed and modeled streamflow data to first detect biases and second further adjust gridded precipitation by inversely applying the simulated results of the ecohydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Hydrological results using RAIN4PE as input for the Peruvian and Ecuadorian catchments were compared against the ones when feeding other uncorrected (CHIRP and ERA5) and gauge-corrected (CHIRPS, MSWEP, and PISCO) precipitation datasets into the model. For that, SWAT was calibrated and validated at 72 river sections for each dataset using a range of performance metrics, including hydrograph goodness of fit and flow duration curve signatures. Results showed that gauge-corrected precipitation datasets outperformed uncorrected ones for streamflow simulation. However, CHIRPS, MSWEP, and PISCO showed limitations for streamflow simulation in several catchments draining into the Pacific Ocean and the Amazon River. RAIN4PE provided the best overall performance for streamflow simulation, including flow variability (low, high, and peak flows) and water budget closure. The overall good performance of RAIN4PE as input for hydrological modeling provides a valuable criterion of its applicability for robust countrywide hydrometeorological applications, including hydroclimatic extremes such as droughts and floods. Significance StatementWe developed a novel precipitation dataset RAIN4PE for Peru and Ecuador by merging multisource precipitation data (satellite, reanalysis, and ground-based precipitation) with terrain elevation using the random forest method. Furthermore, RAIN4PE was hydrologically corrected using streamflow data in watersheds with precipitation underestimation through reverse hydrology. The results of a comprehensive hydrological evaluation showed that RAIN4PE outperformed state-of-the-art precipitation datasets such as CHIRP, ERA5, CHIRPS, MSWEP, and PISCO in terms of daily and monthly streamflow simulations, including extremely low and high flows in almost all Peruvian and Ecuadorian catchments. This underlines the suitability of RAIN4PE for hydrometeorological applications in this region. Furthermore, our approach for the generation of RAIN4PE can be used in other data-scarce regions.}, language = {en} }