@article{ChenBornhorstAschner2018,
  author    = {Chen, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Aschner, Michael},
  title     = {Manganese metabolism in humans},
  series = {Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Frontiers in Bioscience INC},
  address   = {Irvine},
  issn      = {1093-9946},
  doi       = {10.2741/4665},
  pages     = {1655 -- 1679},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for intracellular activities; it functions as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, including arginase, glutamine synthetase (GS), pyruvate carboxylase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Through these metalloproteins, Mn plays critically important roles in development, digestion, reproduction, antioxidant defense, energy production, immune response and regulation of neuronal activities. Mn deficiency is rare. In contrast Mn poisoning may be encountered upon overexposure to this metal. Excessive Mn tends to accumulate in the liver, pancreas, bone, kidney and brain, with the latter being the major target of Mn intoxication. Hepatic cirrhosis, polycythemia, hypermanganesemia, dystonia and Parkinsonism-like symptoms have been reported in patients with Mn poisoning. In recent years, Mn has come to the forefront of environmental concerns due to its neurotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms of Mn toxicity include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy dysregulation, apoptosis, and disruption of other metal homeostasis. The mechanisms of Mn homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we will address recent progress in Mn absorption, distribution and elimination across different tissues, as well as the intracellular regulation of Mn homeostasis in cells. We will conclude with recommendations for future research areas on Mn metabolism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenDeWittBornhorstetal.2015,
  author    = {Chen, Pan and DeWitt, Margaret R. and Bornhorst, Julia and Soares, Felix A. and Mukhopadhyay, Somshuvra and Bowman, Aaron B. and Aschner, Michael A.},
  title     = {Age- and manganese-dependent modulation of dopaminergic phenotypes in a},
  series = {Metallomics : integrated biometal science},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Metallomics : integrated biometal science},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1756-5901},
  doi       = {10.1039/c4mt00292j},
  pages     = {289 -- 298},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChakrabortyChenBornhorstetal.2015,
  author    = {Chakraborty, Sudipta and Chen, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Schumacher, Fabian and Kleuser, Burkhard and Bowman, Aaron B. and Aschner, Michael A.},
  title     = {Loss of pdr-1/parkin influences Mn homeostasis through altered ferroportin expression in C-elegans},
  series = {Metallomics : integrated biometal science},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Metallomics : integrated biometal science},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1756-5901},
  doi       = {10.1039/c5mt00052a},
  pages     = {847 -- 856},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}