@phdthesis{Šedova2022,
  author    = {Šedov{\´a}, Barbora},
  title     = {Heterogeneous effects of weather and climate change on human migration},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53673},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536733},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xix, 284},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {While estimated numbers of past and future climate migrants are alarming, the growing empirical evidence suggests that the association between adverse climate-related events and migration is not universally positive. This dissertation seeks to advance our understanding of when and how climate migration emerges by analyzing heterogeneous climatic influences on migration in low- and middle-income countries. To this end, it draws on established economic theories of migration, datasets from physical and social sciences, causal inference techniques and approaches from systematic literature review. In three of its five chapters, I estimate causal effects of processes of climate change on inequality and migration in India and Sub-Saharan Africa. By employing interaction terms and by analyzing sub-samples of data, I explore how these relationships differ for various segments of the population. In the remaining two chapters, I present two systematic literature reviews. First, I undertake a comprehensive meta-regression analysis of the econometric climate migration literature to summarize general climate migration patterns and explain the conflicting findings. Second, motivated by the broad range of approaches in the field, I examine the literature from a methodological perspective to provide best practice guidelines for studying climate migration empirically. Overall, the evidence from this dissertation shows that climatic influences on human migration are highly heterogeneous. Whether adverse climate-related impacts materialize in migration depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the individual households, such as wealth, level of education, agricultural dependence or access to adaptation technologies and insurance. For instance, I show that while adverse climatic shocks are generally associated with an increase in migration in rural India, they reduce migration in the agricultural context of Sub-Saharan Africa, where the average wealth levels are much lower so that households largely cannot afford the upfront costs of moving. I find that unlike local climatic shocks which primarily enhance internal migration to cities and hence accelerate urbanization, shocks transmitted via agricultural producer prices increase migration to neighboring countries, likely due to the simultaneous decrease in real income in nearby urban areas. These findings advance our current understanding by showing when and how economic agents respond to climatic events, thus providing explicit contexts and mechanisms of climate change effects on migration in the future. The resulting collection of findings can guide policy interventions to avoid or mitigate any present and future welfare losses from climate change-related migration choices.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ziemann2022,
  author    = {Ziemann, Niklas},
  title     = {Four essays on the role of distance for economic decision-making},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59107},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591073},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xii, 128},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Distances affect economic decision-making in numerous situations. The time at which we make a decision about future consumption has an impact on our consumption behavior. The spatial distance to employer, school or university impacts the place where we live and vice versa. The emotional closeness to other individuals influences our willingness to give money to them. This cumulative thesis aims to enrich the literature on the role of distance for economic decision-making. Thereby, each of my research projects sheds light on the impact of one kind of distance for efficient decision-making.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Ziemann2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Ziemann, Niklas},
  title     = {You will receive your money next week!},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {56},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56398},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563983},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Against the background of the increasingly discussed "Linguistic Saving Hypothesis" (Chen, 2013), I studied whether the targeted use of a present tense (close tense) and a future tense (distant tense) within the same language have an impact on intertemporal decision-making. In a monetarily incentivized laboratory experiment in Germany, I implemented two different treatments on intertemporal choices. The treatments differed in the tense in which I referred to future rewards. My results show that individuals prefer to a greater extent rewards which are associated with a present tense (close tense). This result is in line with my prediction and the first empirical support for the Linguistic Saving Hypothesis within one language. However, this result holds exclusively for males. Females seem to be unaffected by the linguistic manipulation. I discuss my findings in the context of "gender-as-culture" as well as their potential policy-implications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wittbrodt2022,
  author    = {Wittbrodt, Linda},
  title     = {Minimum wage effects in Germany and Europe - four essays},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55697},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-556977},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 184},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Am 1. Januar 2015 wurde in Deutschland ein allgemeiner gesetzlicher Mindestlohn in H{\"o}he von 8,50 € brutto pro Stunde eingef{\"u}hrt. Diese Dissertation widmet sich den Auswirkungen der Mindestlohneinf{\"u}hrung in Deutschland sowie Lohnuntergrenzen im Europ{\"a}ischen Kontext und tr{\"a}gt damit zur nationalen und internationalen Forschung bei. Das zweite Kapitel dieser Arbeit fasst die in bisherigen Studien herausgearbeiteten kurzfristigen Effekte der Mindestlohnreform in einem {\"U}berblick zusammen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Mindestlohneinf{\"u}hrung einen deutlich positiven Effekt auf die L{\"o}hne am unteren Ende der Verteilung hatte. Allerdings wies kurz nach der Reform noch ein nicht unerheblicher Anteil der Besch{\"a}ftigungsverh{\"a}ltnisse L{\"o}hne unter 8,50 € auf. Weiterhin deutet die Evidenz auf geringe negative Besch{\"a}ftigungseffekte hin, welche durch eine Reduktion von Minijobs getrieben ist. Entgegen der Erwartungen konnten jedoch in der kurzen Frist keine Effekte auf Armut und allgemeine Ungleichheit gefunden werden. Dies h{\"a}ngt insbesondere mit der Tatsache zusammen, dass Arbeitsstunden reduziert wurden und sich die Stundenlohnerh{\"o}hung daher nicht auf die Monatsl{\"o}hne niederschlug. Das dritte Kapitel geht der Frage nach, ob die im Vorfeld prognostizierten Arbeitsplatzverluste im Zuge der Reform kurzfristig eingetreten sind und welche Art der Besch{\"a}ftigung davon gegebenenfalls st{\"a}rker betroffen war. Zur empirischen Identifikation der Effekte wird in diesem (sowie im vierten Kapitel) ein regionaler Differenzen-von-Differenzen-Ansatz verwendet, mit dem die Auswirkungen auf regul{\"a}re Besch{\"a}ftigung (Teil- und Vollzeit) sowie Minijobs gesch{\"a}tzt werden. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Mindestlohn die Gesamtbesch{\"a}ftigung leicht reduziert hat, was im Wesentlichen auf einen R{\"u}ckgang von Minijobs zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Das vierte Kapitel schließt methodisch an das vorige an. Seine Motivation ergibt sich aus der Beobachtung, dass Frauen unter den Niedriglohnempf{\"a}nger:innen h{\"a}ufig {\"u}berrepr{\"a}sentiert sind. Die prim{\"a}re Forschungsfrage in diesem Kapitel ist daher, ob der Mindestlohn zu einer Verringerung der geschlechterspezifischen Lohnl{\"u}cke gef{\"u}hrt hat. Dazu identifizieren wir die Effekte auf die Lohnl{\"u}cke am 10. und 25. Perzentil sowie beim Mittelwert der zugrundeliegenden geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnverteilungen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass - verglichen mit Regionen mit niedriger Eingriffstiefe - die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnl{\"u}cke am 10. Perzentil f{\"u}r mindestlohnberechtigte Besch{\"a}ftigte in Regionen mit hoher Eingriffstiefe um 4,6 Prozentpunkte gesunken ist. Wir sch{\"a}tzen, dass dies eine Reduktion um 32\\% im Vergleich zu 2014 bedeutet. Am 25. Perzentil und am Mittelwert sind die Auswirkungen geringer und nicht gleichermaßen robust. Das f{\"u}nfte Kapitel beh{\"a}lt den geschlechterspezifischen Fokus auf die Mindestlohneffekte bei. Im Vergleich zum Rest der Dissertation weitet es jedoch den Blick auf andere L{\"a}nder der Europ{\"a}ischen Union. Gem{\"a}ß der f{\"u}r das vorangegangene Kapitel dargelegten {\"U}berlegungen, k{\"o}nnten Frauen potenziell besonders von einem Mindestlohn profitieren. Dies k{\"o}nnte jedoch auch bedeuten, dass sie dadurch auch {\"o}fter von Arbeitsplatzverlusten oder Arbeitszeitverk{\"u}rzungen betroffen sind. Dieses Kapitel res{\"u}miert daher einerseits vorhandene Evidenz aus EU-Staaten, die sich auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Lohnuntergrenzen und der geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnl{\"u}cke bezieht. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus enth{\"a}lt es eine systematische Zusammenfassung von Studien, die den Einfluss von Mindestl{\"o}hnen auf Besch{\"a}ftigungsverluste oder Arbeitszeitver{\"a}nderungen untersuchen, von denen insbesondere Frauen betroffen sind. Es zeigen sich Hinweise, dass h{\"o}here Lohnuntergrenzen mit einer geringeren geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnl{\"u}cke verbunden sind. Hinsichtlich der Besch{\"a}ftigung scheinen Frauen nicht per se gr{\"o}ßere Besch{\"a}ftigungsverluste zu erleiden als M{\"a}nner. Allerdings zeigen Studien, dass sich der Mindestlohn hier besonders auf Teilzeitbesch{\"a}ftigte auswirkt. Es ist daher nicht auszuschließen, dass der negative Zusammenhang zwischen dem Mindestlohn und dem geschlechtsspezifischen Lohngef{\"a}lle mit den Arbeitsplatzverlusten dieser schlechter bezahlten, oft weiblichen Teilzeitbesch{\"a}ftigten zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Diese spezifische Form der Arbeit sollte daher im Zusammenhang mit dem Mindestlohn besondere Beachtung finden.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{SteckelMissbachOhlendorfetal.2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Steckel, Jan Christoph and Missbach, Leonard and Ohlendorf, Nils and Feindt, Simon and Kalkuhl, Matthias},
  title     = {Effects of the energy price crisis on European households},
  publisher = {Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) gGmbH},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {30},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Schrauth2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Schrauth, Philipp},
  title     = {The Causal Effect of Cycling Infrastructure on Traffic and Accidents},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {48},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55335},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-553359},
  pages     = {56},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper analyzes the effect of new bicycle lanes on traffic volume, congestion, and accidents. Crucially, the new bike lanes replace existing car lanes thereby reducing available space for motorized traffic. In order to obtain causal estimates, I exploit the quasi-random timing and location of the newly built cycle lanes. Using an event study design, a two-way fixed effects model and the synthetic control group method on geo-coded data, I show that the construction of pop-up bike lanes significantly reduced average car speed by 8 to 12 percentage points (p.p.) and up to 16 p.p. in peak traffic hours. In contrast, the results for car volume are modest, while the data does not allow for a conclusive judgment of accidents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Obst2022,
  author    = {Obst, Cosima},
  title     = {Essays in labor economics},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56379},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563794},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {272},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This thesis offers insights into the process of workers decisions to invest into work-related training. Specifically, the role of personality traits and attitudes is analysed. The aim is to understand whether such traits contribute to an under-investment into training. Importantly, general and specific training are distinguished, where the worker's productivity increases in many firms in the former and only in the current firm in the latter case. Additionally, this thesis contributes to the evaluation of the German minimum wage introduction in 2015, identifying causal effects on wages and working hours. Chapters two to four focus on the work-related training decision. First, individuals with an internal locus of control see a direct link between their own actions and their labor market success, while external individuals connect their outcomes to fate, luck, and other people. Consequently, it can be expected that internal individuals expect higher returns to training and are, thus, more willing to participate. The results reflect this hypothesis with internal individuals being more likely to participate in general (but not specific) training. Second, training can be viewed either as a risky investment or as an insurance against negative labor income shocks. In both cases, risk attitudes are expected to play a role in the decision process. The data point towards risk seeking individuals being more likely to participate in general (but not specific) training, and thus, training being viewed on average as a risky investment. Third, job satisfaction influences behavioral decisions in the job context, where dissatisfied workers may react by neglecting their duties, improving the situation or quitting the job. In the first case, dissatisfied workers are expected to invest less in training, while the latter two reactions could lead to higher participation rates amongst dissatisfied workers. The results suggest that on average dissatisfied workers are less likely to invest into training than satisfied workers. However, closer inspections of quit intentions and different sources of dissatisfaction paint less clear pictures, pointing towards the complexity of the job satisfaction construct. Chapters five and six evaluate the introduction of the minimum wage in Germany in 2015. First, in 2015 an increase in the growth of hourly wages can be identified as a causal effect of the minimum wage introduction. However, at the same time, a reduction in the weekly working hours results in an overall unchanged growth in monthly earnings. When considering the effects in 2016, the decrease in weekly working hours disappears, resulting in a significant increase in the growth of monthly earnings due to the minimum wage. Importantly, the analysis suggests that the increase in hourly wages was not sufficient to ensure all workers receiving the minimum wage. This points to non-compliance being an issue in the first years after the minimum wage introduction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Obst2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Obst, Cosima},
  title     = {Job Satisfaction and Training Investments},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {47},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54912},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549124},
  pages     = {46},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Job satisfaction has been found to impact behavioral choices at the workplace. Since levels of satisfaction are not guaranteed to remain high, understanding the consequences of job dissatisfaction is essential. Hence, I analyze the relationship between a worker's job satisfaction and her training investments. Based on my theoretical model, I expect a U-shaped relationship if dissatisfied workers attempt to improve the situation or plan to quit. In contrast, there is an overall positive relationship if dissatisfied workers neglect their duties. Using logit regressions with the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey I find tentative evidence that there is on average an overall positive relationship with a 1 standard deviation increase in job satisfaction being associated with a 1.5\% increased likelihood of participating in training. A closer inspection of the reasons for training as well as quit intentions reveals some hints of a U-shaped relationship. My results highlight the importance of considering the source of dissatisfaction as there are heterogeneous effects along different job satisfaction facets.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MontroneSteckelKalkuhl2022,
  author    = {Montrone, Lorenzo and Steckel, Jan Christoph and Kalkuhl, Matthias},
  title     = {The type of power capacity matters for economic development},
  series = {Resource and energy economics},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {Resource and energy economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0928-7655},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.reseneeco.2022.101313},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We examine the relationship between different types of power investments and regional economic dynamics. We construct a novel panel dataset combining data on regional GDP and power capacity additions for different technologies between 1960 and 2015, which covers 65\% of the global power capacity that has been installed in this period. We use an event study design to identify the effect of power capacity addition on GDP per capita, exploiting the fact that the exact amount of power capacity coming online each year is determined by random construction delays. We find evidence that GDP per capita increases by 0.2\% in the 6 years around the coming online of 100 MW coal-fired power capacity. We find similar effects for hydropower capacity, but not for any other type of power capacity. The positive effects are regionally bounded and stronger for projects on new sites (green-field). The magnitude of this effect might not be comparable to the total external costs of building new coal-fired power capacity, yet our results help to explain why policymakers favor coal investments for spurring regional growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{MatthewesVentura2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Matthewes, S{\"o}nke Hendrik and Ventura, Guglielmo},
  title     = {On Track to Success?},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {58},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-567253},
  pages     = {70},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Many countries consider expanding vocational curricula in secondary education to boost skills and labour market outcomes among non-university-bound students. However, critics fear this could divert other students from more profitable academic education. We study labour market returns to vocational education in England, where until recently students chose between a vocational track, an academic track and quitting education at age 16. Identification is challenging because self-selection is strong and because students' next-best alternatives are unknown. Against this back- drop, we leverage multiple instrumental variables to estimate margin-specific treatment effects, i.e., causal returns to vocational education for students at the margin with academic education and, separately, for students at the margin with quitting education. Identification comes from variation in distance to the nearest vocational provider conditional on distance to the nearest academic provider (and vice-versa), while controlling for granular student, school and neighbourhood characteristics. The analysis is based on population-wide administrative education data linked to tax records. We find that the vast majority of marginal vocational students are indifferent be- tween vocational and academic education. For them, vocational enrolment substantially decreases earnings at age 30. This earnings penalty grows with age and is due to wages, not employment. However, consistent with comparative advantage, the penalty is smaller for students with higher revealed preferences for the vocational track. For the few students at the margin with no further education, we find merely tentative evidence of increased employment and earnings from vocational enrolment.},
  language  = {en}
}