@article{Hassler2014,
  author    = {Haßler, Gerda},
  title     = {Evidentiality and the expression of speaker's stance in Romance languages and German},
  series = {Discourse Studies : an interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Discourse Studies : an interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1461-4456},
  doi       = {10.1177/1461445614564522},
  pages     = {182 -- 209},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In recent years, the category of evidentiality has also come into use for the description of Romance languages and of German. This has been contingent on a change in its interpretation from a typological category to a semantic-pragmatic category, which allows an application to languages lacking specialised morphemes for the expression of evidentiality. We consider evidentiality to be a structural dimension of grammar, the values of which are expressed by types of constructions that code the source of information which a speaker imparts. If we look at the situation in Romance languages and in German, drawing a boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality presents problems that are difficult to solve. Adding markers of the source of the speaker's knowledge often limits the degree of responsibility of the speaker for the content of the utterance. Evidential adverbs are a frequently used means of marking the source of the speaker's knowledge. The evidential meaning is generalised to marking any source of knowledge, what can be regarded as a result of a process of pragmaticalisation. The use of certain means which also carry out evidential markings can even contribute to the blurring of the different kinds of evidentiality. German also has modal verbs which in conjunction with the perfect tense of the verb have a predominantly evidential use (sollen and wollen). But even here the evidential marking is not without influence on the modality of the utterance. The Romance languages, however, do not have such specialised verbs for expressing evidentiality in certain contexts. To do this, they mark evidentiality - often context bound - by verb forms such as the conditional and the imperfect tense. This article shall contrast the different architectures used in expressing evidentiality in German and in the Romance languages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HasslerBoehmHennemann2017,
  author    = {Haßler, Gerda and B{\"o}hm, Ver{\´o}nica Julia and Hennemann, Anja},
  title     = {On the evidential use of English adverbials and their equivalents in Romance languages and Russian},
  series = {Evidentiality revisited : Cognitive grammar, functional and discourse-pragmatic perspectives (Pragmatics \& Beyond New Series ; 271)},
  volume    = {271},
  booktitle = {Evidentiality revisited : Cognitive grammar, functional and discourse-pragmatic perspectives (Pragmatics \& Beyond New Series ; 271)},
  editor    = {Mar{\´i}n Arrese, Juana I. and Haßler, Gerda and Carretero, Marta},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam, Philadelphia},
  isbn      = {9789027256768},
  issn      = {0922-842X},
  doi       = {10.1075/pbns.271.04boh},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {87 -- 104},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The present study investigates the use of equivalents of the English adverbials seemingly and apparently with a specific morphological structure in Romance languages and Russian, i.e. Spanish al parecer, Portuguese ao parecer and ao que parece, French avoir l'air de, Italian all'apparenza and in apparenza as well as Russian по-видимому. The underlying hypothesis is that the function and syntactic behaviour of these adverbial locutions are motivated by their morphological composition. It is to investigate whether the adverbials may be used sentence-initially, parenthetically, as an adverbial with broad or narrow scope or as a component of a modalised predication. The adverbial locutions are treated as means of expression where evidentiality and epistemic modality represent overlapping functional-semantic categories.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hennemann2012,
  author    = {Hennemann, Anja},
  title     = {The epistemic and evidential use of Spanish modal adverbs and verbs of cognitive attitude},
  series = {Folia linguistica},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Folia linguistica},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0165-4004},
  doi       = {10.1515/FLIN.2012.5},
  pages     = {133 -- 170},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This article deals with Spanish modal adverbs and verbs of cognitive attitude (Capelli 2007) and their epistemic and/or evidential use. The article is based upon the hypothesis that the study of the use of these linguistic devices has to be highly context-sensitive, as it is not always (only) the sentence level that has to be looked at if one wants to find out whether a certain adverb or verb of cognitive attitude is used evidentially or epistemically. In this article, therefore, the context is used to determine which meaning aspects of an element are encoded and which are contributed by the context. The data were retrieved from the daily newspaper El Pais. Nevertheless, the present study is not a quantitative one, but rather a qualitative study. My corpus analysis indicates that it is not possible to differentiate between the linguistic categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality in every case, although it indeed is possible in the vast majority of cases. In verbs of cognitive attitude, evidentiality and epistemic modality seem to be two interwoven categories, while concerning modal adverbs it is usually possible to separate the categories and to distinguish between the different subtypes of evidentiality such as visual evidence, hearsay and inference.},
  language  = {en}
}