@article{EndrunLebedevMeieretal.2011, author = {Endrun, Brigitte and Lebedev, Sergei and Meier, Thomas and Tirel, Celine and Friederich, Wolfgang}, title = {Complex layered deformation within the Aegean crust and mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy}, series = {Nature geoscience}, volume = {4}, journal = {Nature geoscience}, number = {3}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {1752-0894}, doi = {10.1038/NGEO1065}, pages = {203 -- 207}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Continental lithosphere can undergo pervasive internal deformation, often distributed over broad zones near plate boundaries. However, because of the paucity of observational constraints on three-dimensional movement at depth, patterns of flow within the lithosphere remain uncertain. Endmember models for lithospheric flow invoke deformation localized on faults or deep shear zones or, alternatively, diffuse, viscous-fluid-like flow. Here we determine seismic Rayleigh-wave anisotropy in the crust and mantle of the Aegean region, an archetypal example of continental deformation. Our data reveal a complex, depth-dependent flow pattern within the extending lithosphere. Beneath the northern Aegean Sea, fast shear wave propagation is in a North-South direction within the mantle lithosphere, parallel to the extensional component of the current strain rate field. In the south-central Aegean, where deformation is weak at present, anisotropic fabric in the lower crust runs parallel to the direction of palaeo-extension in the Miocene. The close match of orientations of regional-scale anisotropic fabric and the directions of extension during the last significant episodes of deformation implies that at least a large part of the extension in the Aegean has been taken up by distributed viscous flow in the lower crust and lithospheric mantle.}, language = {en} } @article{RouxMoorkampJonesetal.2011, author = {Roux, E. and Moorkamp, Max and Jones, Alan G. and Bischoff, Monika and Endrun, Brigitte and Lebedev, Sergei and Meier, Thomas}, title = {Joint inversion of long-period magnetotelluric data and surface-wave dispersion curves for anisotropic structure application to data from Central Germany}, series = {Geophysical research letters}, volume = {38}, journal = {Geophysical research letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2010GL046358}, pages = {5}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Geophysical datasets sensitive to different physical parameters can be used to improve resolution of Earth's internal structure. Herein, we jointly invert long-period magnetotelluric (MT) data and surface-wave dispersion curves. Our approach is based on a joint inversion using a genetic algorithm for a one-dimensional (1-D) isotropic structure, which we extend to 1-D anisotropic media. We apply our new anisotropic joint inversion to datasets from Central Germany demonstrating the capacity of our joint inversion algorithm to establish a 1-D anisotropic model that fits MT and seismic datasets simultaneously and providing new information regarding the deep structure in Central Germany. The lithosphere/asthenosphere boundary is found at approx. 84 km depth and two main anisotropic layers with coincident most conductive/seismic fast-axis direction are resolved at lower crustal and asthenospheric depths. We also quantify the amount of seismic and electrical anisotropy in the asthenosphere showing an emerging agreement between the two anisotropic coefficients.}, language = {en} } @article{Endrun2011, author = {Endrun, Brigitte}, title = {Love wave contribution to the ambient vibration H/V amplitude peak observed with array measurements}, series = {Journal of seismology}, volume = {15}, journal = {Journal of seismology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1383-4649}, doi = {10.1007/s10950-010-9191-x}, pages = {443 -- 472}, year = {2011}, abstract = {This study applies array methods to measure the relative proportions of Love and Rayleigh waves in the ambient vibration wavefield. Information on these properties is of special relevance for frequencies around the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral amplitude ratio peak. The analysis of H/V curves, a popular technique in site characterisation, commonly assumes that the curves represent the frequency-dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity. For the detailed interpretation of amplitudes or the inversion of the curves, it is therefore necessary to estimate and correct for the contribution of other wave types to the ambient vibration wavefield. I use available ambient vibration array measurements to determine the relative amount of Love and Rayleigh waves on the horizontal components by frequency-dependent analysis of the main propagation and polarisation directions, with a special emphasis on the H/V peak frequency as determined from the same recordings. Tests with synthetic data demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, at least in the presence of dominant source regions. Analysis of the data from 12 measurements at nine European sites, which include shallow as well as deep locations that span a wide range of impedance contrasts at the sediment-bedrock interface, indicates that the relative contribution of Rayleigh waves varies widely with frequency, from close to 0\% to more than 70\%. While most data sets show relative Rayleigh wave contributions between 40\% and 50\% around the H/V peak, there are also examples where Love waves clearly dominate the wavefield at the H/V peak, even for a site with a low impedance contrast. Longer-term measurements at one site indicate temporal variations in the relative Rayleigh wave content between day- and nighttime. Results calculated with the method introduced herein generally compare well with results of modified spatial autocorrelation analysis. These two methods might be used in a complimentary fashion, as both rely on different properties of the ambient vibration wavefield. This study illustrates that it is possible to measure the relative Rayleigh wave content of the noise wavefield from array data. Furthermore, the examples presented herein indicate it is important to estimate this property, as the assumption that there are an equal proportion of Love and Rayleigh waves is not always correct.}, language = {en} }