@misc{KayhanWagnerMeyerO’Reillyetal.2019,
  author    = {Kayhan Wagner, Ezgi and Meyer, Marlene and O'Reilly, J.X. and Hunnius, Sabine and Bekkering, Harold},
  title     = {Nine-month-old infants update their predictive models of a changing environment},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {577},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43784},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437844},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KayhanWagnerMeyerO’Reillyetal.2019,
  author    = {Kayhan Wagner, Ezgi and Meyer, Marlene and O'Reilly, J.X. and Hunnius, Sabine and Bekkering, Harold},
  title     = {Nine-month-old infants update their predictive models of a changing environment},
  series = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1878-9293},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100680},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Humans generate internal models of their environment to predict events in the world. As the environments change, our brains adjust to these changes by updating their internal models. Here, we investigated whether and how 9-month-old infants differentially update their models to represent a dynamic environment. Infants observed a predictable sequence of stimuli, which were interrupted by two types of cues. Following the update cue, the pattern was altered, thus, infants were expected to update their predictions for the upcoming stimuli. Because the pattern remained the same after the no-update cue, no subsequent updating was required. Infants showed an amplified negative central (Nc) response when the predictable sequence was interrupted. Late components such as the PSW were also evoked in response to unexpected stimuli; however, we found no evidence for a differential response to the informational value of surprising cues at later stages of processing. Infants rather learned that surprising cues always signal a change in the environment that requires updating. Interestingly, infants responded with an amplified neural response to the absence of an expected change, suggesting a top-down modulation of early sensory processing in infants. Our findings corroborate emerging evidence showing that infants build predictive models early in life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StapelHunniusBekkeringetal.2015,
  author    = {Stapel, Janny C. and Hunnius, Sabine and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver},
  title     = {The development of numerosity estimation: Evidence for a linear number representation early in life},
  series = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2044-5911},
  doi       = {10.1080/20445911.2014.995668},
  pages     = {400 -- 412},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Several studies investigating the development of approximate number representations used the number-to-position task and reported evidence for a shift from a logarithmic to a linear representation of numerical magnitude with increasing age. However, this interpretation as well as the number-to-position method itself has been questioned recently. The current study tested 5- and 8-year-old children on a newly established numerosity production task to examine developmental changes in number representations and to test the idea of a representational shift. Modelling of the children's numerical estimations revealed that responses of the 8-year-old children approximate a simple positive linear relation between estimated and actual numbers. Interestingly, however, the estimations of the 5-year-old children were best described by a bilinear model reflecting a relatively accurate linear representation of small numbers and no apparent magnitude knowledge for large numbers. Taken together, our findings provide no support for a shift of mental representations from a logarithmic to a linear metric but rather suggest that the range of number words which are appropriately conceptualised and represented by linear analogue magnitude codes expands during development.},
  language  = {en}
}