@techreport{OPUS4-4236,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  title     = {Tax systems and tax harmonisation in the East African Community (EAC)},
  series = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {60},
  editor    = {Petersen, Hans-Georg},
  issn      = {1864-1431},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44693},
  pages     = {128},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {In the first part of the report of the GTZ expert group an overview on the basics of integration and tax harmonisation within a common market is given. Chapter II. concentrates on the problems of national and international tax law regarding double taxation before the harmonisation process within the EU is described in detail. This process is not a best practice example but at least the experiences made in the course of the last five decades are interesting enough and might contribute important information for regions, which more or less recently have started a similar endeavour. The harmonisation needs are discussed for value added taxation (VAT), excise taxation, and income taxation. The problems of tax administrations, procedures laws, taxpayers' rights and obligations as well as tax compliance are also taken into consideration. The second part of the study reviews the national tax systems within the EAC member countries. Before the single taxes are described in more detail, the macroeconomic situation is illuminated by some basic figures and the current stand of the inner-community integration analysed. Then the single tax bases and tax rates are confronted to shed some light on the necessities for the development of a common market within the near future. Again the value added tax laws, excise taxes and income taxes are discussed in detail, while regarding the latter the focus is on company taxation. For a better systematic analysis the national tax laws are confronted within an overview. The chapter is closed with a summary of the tax rates applied and a rough estimation of the tax burdens within the Partner States. The third part of this report contains the policy recommendations of the expert group following the same structures as the chapters before and presenting the results for the VAT, the excises and the corporate income tax (CIT). Additionally the requirements for tax procedures and administration as well as problems of transparency and information exchange are discussed in detail before the strategic recommendations are derived in close relation to the experiences made within the EU harmonisation process. The recommendations are based on the following normative arguments: (1) Tax harmonisation is a basic requirement for economic integration. (2) Equality of taxation is an imperative of tax justice and demands the avoidance of double taxation as well as the combat of tax evasion and corruption. (3) The avoidance of harmful tax competition between the Partner States. (4) The strengthening of taxpayers' rights in tax procedures. Hence, all kinds of income, goods and services should be taxed once and only once.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Williges2008,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Williges, Esther S. G.},
  title     = {Steuerverwaltung in Polen : eine europ{\"a}ische Verwaltung? [vollst{\"a}ndige Fassung]},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33877},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach, ob man die Steuerverwaltung in Polen als europ{\"a}ische Verwaltung bezeichnen kann. Es werden drei Aspekte vertiefend untersucht: 1.Verortung der polnischen Steuerverwaltung in der OECD und ausgew{\"a}hlten Nicht-OECD-L{\"a}ndern mittels einer Clusteranalyse auf Grundlage verschiedener Daten zum Aufbau, Aufgabenprofil und zur Performanz unter gleichzeitiger Beachtung der m{\"o}glichen Abzeichnung eines europ{\"a}ischen Steuerverwaltungsraums; 2.Verbreitung des CAF in den Steuerverwaltungen der MOE-8, insbesondere in Polen, als vom EUPAN unterst{\"u}tztes Qualit{\"a}tsmanagementsystem, das geeignet erscheint, die Entstehung eines gemeinsamen europ{\"a}ischen Qualit{\"a}tsverst{\"a}ndnisses zu f{\"o}rdern; 3.Wahrnehmung der polnischen Steuerverwaltung durch deutsche Finanzbeamte erhoben mit Hilfe eines semantischen Differentials. Die Clusteranalyse ergibt keinen Hinweis auf einen einheitlichen europ{\"a}ischen Steuerverwaltungsraum in Abgrenzung von den {\"u}brigen einbezogenen Staaten. Polen f{\"a}llt nicht als Ausreißer auf und weist {\"A}hnlichkeiten zu anderen europ{\"a}ischen L{\"a}ndern auf. In Steuerverwaltungen l{\"a}sst sich das CAF so gut wie gar nicht finden. Polen bildet in der Hinsicht eine Ausnahme. Allerdings befindet sich die polnische Steuerverwaltung auf einem europ{\"a}ischen Weg, den andere Sektoren der Verwaltung (auch in MOE-8) bereits vielfach beschritten haben. Aus der Untersuchung des Images der polnischen Steuerverwaltung bei deutschen Finanzbeamten geht die Abwesenheit starker negativer Stereotype hervor. Die Einsch{\"a}tzungen sind sehr zur{\"u}ckhaltend in der N{\"a}he des Mittelwertes zwischen den beiden Polen des semantischen Differentials. Das vorl{\"a}ufige Ergebnis lautet: Die Steuerverwaltung in Polen ist eine europ{\"a}ische Verwaltung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Petersen2010,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Petersen, Hans-Georg},
  title     = {Steuern in Fragilen Staaten},
  series = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  journal   = {Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge},
  number    = {61},
  issn      = {1864-1431},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48465},
  pages     = {82},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Fragile states are characterized by institutions which do not have the political will or ability to reduce poverty in the interests of their citizen, to establish basic social security, to promote a successful development process, and to guarantee security and human rights. The regional disintegration processes after the period of imperialism and the fall of the iron curtain have created many new states, which still are politically unstable and unable for a sustainable development. In the literature such states are describes as "weak", "failing or failed", "collapsed", "conflict or post-conflict" - dependant on the extent of the particular state failure. Several indicators try to describe such states and partly allow for projections of the future development. Then the role of taxation is discussed in detail before recommendations for the development cooperation are presented. Obviously taxation plays a key role for the democratization process in fragile states.},
  language  = {de}
}