@article{SixtusFischerLindemann2017,
  author    = {Sixtus, Elena and Fischer, Martin H. and Lindemann, Oliver},
  title     = {Finger posing primes number comprehension},
  series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10339-017-0804-y},
  pages     = {237 -- 248},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Canonical finger postures, as used in counting, activate number knowledge, but the exact mechanism for this priming effect is unclear. Here we dissociated effects of visual versus motor priming of number concepts. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed either to pictures of canonical finger postures (visual priming) or actively produced the same finger postures (motor priming) and then used foot responses to rapidly classify auditory numbers (targets) as smaller or larger than 5. Classification times revealed that manually adopted but not visually perceived postures primed magnitude classifications. Experiment 2 obtained motor priming of number processing through finger postures also with vocal responses. Priming only occurred through canonical and not through non-canonical finger postures. Together, these results provide clear evidence for motor priming of number knowledge. Relative contributions of vision and action for embodied numerical cognition and the importance of canonicity of postures are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiemersBekkeringLindemann2014,
  author    = {Wiemers, Michael and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver},
  title     = {Spatial interferences in mental arithmetic: Evidence from the motion-arithmetic compatibility effect},
  series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1747-0218},
  doi       = {10.1080/17470218.2014.889180},
  pages     = {1557 -- 1570},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Recent research on spatial number representations suggests that the number space is not necessarily horizontally organized and might also be affected by acquired associations between magnitude and sensory experiences in vertical space. Evidence for this claim is, however, controversial. The present study now aims to compare vertical and horizontal spatial associations in mental arithmetic. In Experiment 1, participants solved addition and subtraction problems and indicated the result verbally while moving their outstretched right arm continuously left-, right-, up-, or downwards. The analysis of the problem-solving performances revealed a motion-arithmetic compatibility effect for spatial actions along both the horizontal and the vertical axes. Performances in additions was impaired while making downward compared to upward movements as well as when moving left compared to right and vice versa in subtractions. In Experiment 2, instead of being instructed to perform active body movements, participants calculated while the problems moved in one of the four relative directions on the screen. For visual motions, only the motion-arithmetic compatibility effect for the vertical dimension could be replicated. Taken together, our findings provide first evidence for an impact of spatial processing on mental arithmetic. Moreover, the stronger effect of the vertical dimension supports the idea that mental calculations operate on representations of numerical magnitude that are grounded in a vertically organized mental number space.},
  language  = {en}
}