@article{ElbeBrand2016, author = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Attitudes Toward Doping}, series = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1050-8422}, doi = {10.1080/10508422.2014.976864}, pages = {32 -- 44}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article examines whether a training program in ethical decision making can change young athletes' doping attitudes. Fifty-two young elite athletes were randomly assigned to either an ethical decision-making training group or a standard-knowledge-based educational program group. Another 17 young elite athletes were recruited for no-treatment control purposes. The ethical decision-making training comprised six 30-min online sessions in which the participants had to work through 18 ethical dilemmas related to doping. The standard-knowledge-based educational program was also conducted in six online sessions of comparable length to that of the ethical training. A short version of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale was administered to measure the effects of the trainings on doping attitude. Prior to as well as after the intervention, the mean doping attitude scores of the young athletes were low to very low, indicating vehement rejections of doping. The results of our experiment showed that the ethical training led to an attenuation of these rejections. No intervention effect was found in the standard education group. The observed slight increase in the doping attitude score could be an indication that the ethical decision-making training was successful in breaking up the athletes' stereotypical style of reasoning about doping.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PetrocziBackhouseBarkoukisetal.2015, author = {Petroczi, Andrea and Backhouse, Susan H. and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Brand, Ralf and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Lazuras, Larnbros and Lucidi, Fabio}, title = {A call for policy guidance on psychometric testing in doping control in sport}, series = {International journal of drug policy}, volume = {26}, journal = {International journal of drug policy}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0955-3959}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.022}, pages = {1130 -- 1139}, year = {2015}, abstract = {One of the fundamental challenges in anti-doping is identifying athletes who use, or are at risk of using, prohibited performance enhancing substances. The growing trend to employ a forensic approach to doping control aims to integrate information from social sciences (e.g., psychology of doping) into organised intelligence to protect clean sport. Beyond the foreseeable consequences of a positive identification as a doping user, this task is further complicated by the discrepancy between what constitutes a doping offence in the World Anti-Doping Code and operationalized in doping research. Whilst psychology plays an important role in developing our understanding of doping behaviour in order to inform intervention and prevention, its contribution to the array of doping diagnostic tools is still in its infancy. In both research and forensic settings, we must acknowledge that (1) socially desirable responding confounds self-reported psychometric test results and (2) that the cognitive complexity surrounding test performance means that the response-time based measures and the lie detector tests for revealing concealed life-events (e.g., doping use) are prone to produce false or non-interpretable outcomes in field settings. Differences in social-cognitive characteristics of doping behaviour that are tested at group level (doping users vs. non-users) cannot be extrapolated to individuals; nor these psychometric measures used for individual diagnostics. In this paper, we present a position statement calling for policy guidance on appropriate use of psychometric assessments in the pursuit of clean sport. We argue that, to date, both self-reported and response-time based psychometric tests for doping have been designed, tested and validated to explore how athletes feel and think about doping in order to develop a better understanding of doping behaviour, not to establish evidence for doping. A false 'positive' psychological profile for doping affects not only the individual 'clean' athlete but also their entourage, their organisation and sport itself. The proposed policy guidance aims to protect the global athletic community against social, ethical and legal consequences from potential misuse of psychological tests, including erroneous or incompetent applications as forensic diagnostic tools in both practice and research. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{PetrocziBackhouseBarkoukisetal.2015, author = {Petroczi, Andrea and Backhouse, Susan H. and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Brand, Ralf and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Lazuras, Lambros and Lucidi, Fabio}, title = {A matter of mind-set in the interpretation of forensic application}, series = {International journal of drug policy}, volume = {26}, journal = {International journal of drug policy}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0955-3959}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.06.007}, pages = {1142 -- 1143}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{ElbeStrahlerKrustrupetal.2010, author = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Strahler, Katharina and Krustrup, Peter and Wikman, Johan and Stelter, Reinhard}, title = {Experiencing flow in different types of physical activity intervention programs : three randomized studies}, issn = {0905-7188}, doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01112.x}, year = {2010}, abstract = {This study explores whether inactive individuals can experience flow, a rewarding, psychological state, during an exercise intervention and if there are differences according to the type of intervention they perform. Furthermore, the study investigates if experiencing flow is connected to physiological improvements attained during the exercise intervention. The 12- to 16-week interventions included six randomized intervention groups, two female and four male groups performing continuous running, football, interval running and strength training. The results indicate that all six randomized exercise intervention groups experience rather high levels of flow regardless of whether the intervention is a team or individual sport. Differences in experiencing flow, worry and exertion as well as physiological improvements could be found for the different types of sports and the two genders, with the male football group having the highest score for physiological improvement and the lowest score for worry. A connection between experiencing flow and physiological improvement could not be found. Future research should investigate the influence that the participant's gender and also the type of sport have on experiencing flow, worry and perceived exertion. Furthermore, it should be investigated whether experiencing flow is linked to the long-term compliance of regular physical activity.}, language = {en} } @book{WenholdElbeBeckmann2009, author = {Wenhold, Franziska and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Fragebogen zum Leistungsmotiv im Sport : Achievement Motives Scale-Sport (AMS-Sport)}, publisher = {Sportverl. Strauß}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-86884-494-8}, pages = {49 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @book{WenholdElbeBeckmann2009, author = {Wenhold, Franziska and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Volitionale Komponenten im Sport : Fragebogen zur Erfassung volutionaler Komponenten im Sport (VKS)}, publisher = {Sportverlag Strauß}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-86884-509-9}, pages = {43 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @book{ElbeWenholdBeckmann2009, author = {Elbe, Anne-Marie and Wenhold, Franziska and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Leistungsorientierung im Sport}, publisher = {Sportverl. Strauß}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-86884-493-1}, pages = {39 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{WenholdElbeBeckmann2009, author = {Wenhold, Franziska and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Testg{\"u}tekriterien des Fragebogens VKS zur Erfassung volitionaler Komponenten im Sport}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010.16.3.91}, year = {2009}, abstract = {In this paper the psychometric quality of the sport-specific Volitional Components Questionnaire (VKS) is examined. After an item analysis, a factor analysis was undertaken resulted in the four factors self optimization, lack of activation, loss of focus, and self impediment. The questionnaire exhibits satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and retest reliability. In line with theory (Kuhl, 2001), correlations with the general questionnaire VCQ II (Kuhl \& Fuhrmann, 1998) and sport-specific action orientation as measured with the HOSP questionnaire (Beckmann, 2003) indcate construct validity. Validity can also be shown by correlations with the external criterion of expert rating by coaches. In addition, the VKS is able to differentiate between athletes who perform well and those who perforin poorly.}, language = {de} } @article{StrahlerElbe2009, author = {Strahler, Katharina and Elbe, Anne-Marie}, title = {Entwicklung einer Skala zur Erfassung psychogenen Harnverhaltens bei Athletinnen und Athleten w{\"a}hrend der Dopingkontrollen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010.16.4.156}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @book{WenholdMeierBeckmannetal.2008, author = {Wenhold, Franziska and Meier, Caroline and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Elbe, Anne-Marie and Ehrlenspiel, Felix}, title = {Sportpsychologische Eingangsdiagnostik - sportbezogene Motivation}, isbn = {978-3-86884-480-1}, year = {2008}, language = {de} }