@article{FossenMartin2018,
  author    = {Fossen, Frank M. and Martin, Thorsten},
  title     = {Entrepreneurial dynamics over space and time},
  series = {Regional science and urban economics},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Regional science and urban economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0166-0462},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2018.04.004},
  pages     = {204 -- 214},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Entrepreneurship is a regional and persistent phenomenon. We jointly investigate spatial dependence and serial dynamics of new business formation. Using panel data from all 402 German counties for 1996-2011, we estimate dynamic spatial panel data models of start-up activity in the high-tech and manufacturing industries. We consider regions of different sizes and systematically search for the most suitable spatial weights matrices. We find substantial spatial dependence as well as time persistence of start-up activity, especially in the high-tech industry. This suggests that local start-up activity has positive extemal effects and that entrepreneurship policy could play an efficiency-enhancing role.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BorckFossenFreieretal.2015,
  author    = {Borck, Rainald and Fossen, Frank M. and Freier, Ronny and Martin, Thorsten},
  title     = {Race to the debt trap? - Spatial econometric evidence on debt in German municipalities},
  series = {Regional science and urban economics},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Regional science and urban economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0166-0462},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.04.003},
  pages     = {20 -- 37},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Through an intertemporal budget constraint, jurisdictions may gain advantages in tax and spending competition by 'competing' on debt. While the existing spatial econometric literature focuses on tax and spending competition, very little is known about spatial interaction via public debt. If jurisdictions compete for mobile capital to finance public spending, they may compete in debt levels as well as taxes. We use a theoretical model to derive the reaction of jurisdictions' debt levels to their neighbors' debts. We then estimate the spatial interdependence of public debt among German municipalities using a panel on municipalities in the two largest German states from 1999 to 2006. We find significant and robust interaction effects between debt levels of neighboring municipalities, which we compare to spatial tax and spending interactions. The results indicate that a municipality increases its per capita debt by 16-33 Euro as a reaction to an increase of 100 Euro in neighboring municipalities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}