@misc{TangGladyshevDubovskayaetal.2014,
  author    = {Tang, Kam W. and Gladyshev, Michail I. and Dubovskaya, Olga P. and Kirillin, Georgiy and Grossart, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality in freshwater and inland sea environments},
  series = {Journal of plankton research},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Journal of plankton research},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0142-7873},
  doi       = {10.1093/plankt/fbu014},
  pages     = {597 -- 612},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to an increase in microbial production and a shift in microbial composition in the water column. Alternatively, sinking carcasses may contribute significantly to vertical carbon flux especially outside the phytoplankton growth seasons, and become a food source for the benthos. Global climate change is already altering freshwater ecosystems on multiple levels, and likely will have significant positive or negative effects on zooplankton non-predatory mortality. Better spatial and temporal studies of zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality rates will improve our understanding of this important but under-appreciated topic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BickelTangGrossart2014,
  author    = {Bickel, Samantha L. and Tang, Kam W. and Grossart, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Structure and function of zooplankton-associated bacterial communities in a temperate estuary change more with time than with zooplankton species},
  series = {Aquatic microbial ecology : international journal},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {Aquatic microbial ecology : international journal},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  address   = {Oldendorf Luhe},
  issn      = {0948-3055},
  doi       = {10.3354/ame01676},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Zooplankton support distinct bacterial communities in high concentrations relative to the surrounding water, but little is known about how the compositions and functionalities of these bacterial communities change through time in relation to environmental conditions. We conducted a year-long field study of bacterial communities associated with common zooplankton groups as well as free-living bacterial communities in the York River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. Bacterial community genetic fingerprints and their carbon substrate usage were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified 16S rDNA and by Biolog EcoPlates, respectively. Zooplankton-associated communities were genetically distinct from free-living bacterial communities but utilized a similar array of carbon substrates. On average, bacteria associated with different zooplankton groups were genetically more similar to each other within each month (65.4\% similarity) than to bacterial communities of the same zooplankton group from different months (28 to 30\% similarity), which suggests the importance of ambient environmental conditions in shaping resident zooplankton-associated bacterial communities. Monthly changes in carbon substrate utilization were less variable for zooplankton-associated bacteria than for free-living bacteria, suggesting that the zooplankton microhabitat is more stable than the surrounding water and supports specific bacterial groups in the otherwise unfavorable conditions in the water column.},
  language  = {en}
}