@misc{SchwarteBrustSteupetal.2013,
  author    = {Schwarte, Sandra and Brust, Henrike and Steup, Martin and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {Intraspecific sequence variation and differential expression in starch synthase genes of Arabidopsis thaliana},
  series = {BMC Research Notes},
  journal   = {BMC Research Notes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401128},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background Natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana are a well-known system to measure levels of intraspecific genetic variation. Leaf starch content correlates negatively with biomass. Starch is synthesized by the coordinated action of many (iso)enzymes. Quantitatively dominant is the repetitive transfer of glucosyl residues to the non-reducing ends of α-glucans as mediated by starch synthases. In the genome of A. thaliana, there are five classes of starch synthases, designated as soluble starch synthases (SSI, SSII, SSIII, and SSIV) and granule-bound synthase (GBSS). Each class is represented by a single gene. The five genes are homologous in functional domains due to their common origin, but have evolved individual features as well. Here, we analyze the extent of genetic variation in these fundamental protein classes as well as possible functional implications on transcript and protein levels. Findings Intraspecific sequence variation of the five starch synthases was determined by sequencing the entire loci including promoter regions from 30 worldwide distributed accessions of A. thaliana. In all genes, a considerable number of nucleotide polymorphisms was observed, both in non-coding and coding regions, and several amino acid substitutions were identified in functional domains. Furthermore, promoters possess numerous polymorphisms in potentially regulatory cis-acting regions. By realtime experiments performed with selected accessions, we demonstrate that DNA sequence divergence correlates with significant differences in transcript levels. Conclusions Except for AtSSII, all starch synthase classes clustered into two or three groups of haplotypes, respectively. Significant difference in transcript levels among haplotype clusters in AtSSIV provides evidence for cis-regulation. By contrast, no such correlation was found for AtSSI, AtSSII, AtSSIII, and AtGBSS, suggesting trans-regulation. The expression data presented here point to a regulation by common trans-regulatory transcription factors which ensures a coordinated action of the products of these four genes during starch granule biosynthesis. The apparent cis-regulation of AtSSIV might be related to its role in the initiation of de novo biosynthesis of granules.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MalinovaQasimBrustetal.2018,
  author    = {Malinova, Irina and Qasim, Hadeel M. and Brust, Henrike and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Parameters of Starch Granule Genesis in Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana},
  series = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419295},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in most photosynthetic organisms and allows the accumulation of carbon and energy in form of an insoluble and semi-crystalline particle. In the last decades large progress, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was made in understanding the structure and metabolism of starch and its conjunction. The process underlying the initiation of starch granules remains obscure, although this is a fundamental process and seems to be strongly regulated, as in Arabidopsis leaves the starch granule number per chloroplast is fixed with 5-7. Several single, double, and triple mutants were reported in the last years that showed massively alterations in the starch granule number per chloroplast and allowed further insights in this important process. This mini review provides an overview of the current knowledge of processes involved in the initiation and formation of starch granules. We discuss the central role of starch synthase 4 and further proteins for starch genesis and affecting metabolic factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BrustOrzechowskiFettke2020,
  author    = {Brust, Henrike and Orzechowski, Slawomir and Fettke, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Starch and Glycogen Analyses},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1004},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47805},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478054},
  pages     = {26},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {For complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, various analytical methods and techniques exist allowing the detailed characterization of these storage carbohydrates. In this article, we give a brief overview of the most frequently used methods, techniques, and results. Furthermore, we give insights in the isolation, purification, and fragmentation of both starch and glycogen. An overview of the different structural levels of the glucans is given and the corresponding analytical techniques are discussed. Moreover, future perspectives of the analytical needs and the challenges of the currently developing scientific questions are included},
  language  = {en}
}