@phdthesis{Bormann2017, author = {Bormann, Kai Uwe}, title = {Erziehung in der Bundeswehr}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Milit{\"a}rgeschichte}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Milit{\"a}rgeschichte}, number = {79}, publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-11-073481-2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 377}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Das Milit{\"a}r galt in Deutschland seit dem 19. Jahrhundert als »Schule der Nation«. Auch die 1955 aufgestellte Bundeswehr musste sich mit diesem Anspruch auseinandersetzen. Die Erziehung der erwachsenen Soldaten sollte im Zeichen der Inneren F{\"u}hrung nun jedoch deutlich anders erfolgen als in Kaiserreich, Weimarer Republik und NS-Staat. Ein bedeutender Teil der jungen B{\"u}rger der Bundesrepublik sollte einer Erziehung unterzogen werden, deren Ziel der »Staatsb{\"u}rger in Uniform« war. Kai-Uwe Bormann, Referent beim Kommando des Heeres der Bundeswehr, Deutschland.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Weise2017, author = {Weise, Katja}, title = {Gez{\"a}hmte Kleider, geb{\"a}ndigte K{\"o}rper?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43986}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-439868}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {270}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Gegenstand der Dissertation ist die Pr{\"a}sentation von Kleidermode in ihr gewidmeten Sonderausstellungen, die in zunehmender Zahl seit den 1990er Jahren in musealen und musems{\"a}hnlichen Kontexten veranstaltet werden. Es geht darum, wie Modek{\"o}rper und vestiment{\"a}re Artefakte in diesen Ausstellungen gezeigt werden und welche {\"a}sthetischen Erfahrungen sich f{\"u}r die RezipientInnen aus der jeweiligen Konstellation von vestiment{\"a}rem Objekt und Inszenierungsmittel ergeben k{\"o}nnen. Das Augenmerk liegt auf der Spannung zwischen dem visuellen Imperativ musealer Zeigepraktiken und den multisensorischen Qualit{\"a}ten der Kleidermode, v. a. jener hautsinnlichen, die sich aus dem unmittelbaren Kontakt zwischen K{\"o}rper und Kleid ergeben. Die zentrale These ist, dass sich das Hautsinnliche der Kleidermode trotz des Ber{\"u}hrungsverbots in vielen Ausstellungsinszenierungen zeigen kann. D. h., dass - entgegen h{\"a}ufig wiederholter Behauptungen - ‚der K{\"o}rper', das Tragen und die Bewegung nicht per se oder komplett aus den Kleidern gewichen sind, werden diese musealisiert und ausgestellt. Es findet eine Verschiebung des K{\"o}rperlichen und Hautsinnlichen, wie das Anfassen, Tragen und Bewegen, in visuelle Darstellungsformen statt. Hautsinnliche Qualit{\"a}ten der vestiment{\"a}ren Exponate k{\"o}nnen, auch in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von den jeweils verwendeten Pr{\"a}sentationsmitteln, von den BesucherInnen in unterschiedlichen Abstufungen sehend oder buchst{\"a}blich gesp{\"u}rt werden. An konkreten Beispielen wird zum einen das Verh{\"a}ltnis von ausgestelltem Kleid und Pr{\"a}sentationsmittel(n) in den Displays untersucht. Dabei stehen folgende Mittel im Fokus, mit deren Hilfe die vestiment{\"a}ren Exponate zur Schau gestellt werden: Vitrinen, Podeste, Ersatzk{\"o}rper wie Mannequins, optische Hilfsmittel wie Lupen, Bildmedien oder (bewegte) Installationen. Zum anderen wird analysiert, welche Wirkungen die Arrangements jeweils erzielen oder verhindern k{\"o}nnen, und zwar in Hinblick auf m{\"o}gliche {\"a}sthetische Erfahrungen, die taktilen, haptischen und kin{\"a}sthetischen Qualit{\"a}ten der Exponate als BesucherIn sehend oder buchst{\"a}blich zu f{\"u}hlen oder zu sp{\"u}ren. Ob als Identifikation, Projektion, Haptic Vision - es handelt sich um {\"a}sthetische Erfahrungen, die sich aus den modischen Kompetenzen der BetrachterInnen speisen und bei denen sich Visuelles und Hautsinnliches oft {\"u}berlagern. In der Untersuchung wird eine vernachl{\"a}ssigte, wenn nicht gar unerw{\"u}nschte Rezeptionsweise diskutiert, die von den AkteurInnen der spezifischen Debatte bspw. als konsumptives Sehen abgewertet wird. Die von mir vorgeschlagene, st{\"a}rker differenzierende Perspektive ist zugleich eine Kritik an dem bisherigen Diskurs und seinem eng gefassten, teilweise elit{\"a}ren Verst{\"a}ndnis von Museum, Bildung und Wissen, mit dem sich AkteurInnen und Institutionen abgrenzen. Der Spezialdiskurs {\"u}ber musealisierte und exponierte Kleidermode steht zudem exemplarisch f{\"u}r die Diskussion, was das Museum, verstanden als Institution, sein kann und soll(te) und ob (und wenn ja, wie) es sich {\"u}berhaupt noch von anderen Orten und R{\"a}umen klar abgrenzen l{\"a}sst.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mueller2017, author = {M{\"u}ller, Eduard Rudolf}, title = {Architektur und Kunst im lyrischen Werk Johannes Bobrowskis}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-461-6}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42711}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427113}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {538}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Bobrowski had expressed the intention to study art history after graduation, but war and captivity thwarted his plans: As a member of the German Armed Forces, he was only released from military service for a semester in winter 1941/1942. Bobrowski was particularly impressed by the lectures on German Art in the Age of Goethe by the departmental chair Wilhelm Pinder. However, despite this fundamental influence Pinder's ideological background never become manifest in Bobrowski's poems. After returning from Soviet captivity during Christmas 1949, university studies were out of the question for the thirty-two-year-old. However, his lifelong intermedial engagement with fine art in his work can be interpreted as an expression of his diverse cultural and historical interests and inclinations. The poet's life phases correlate with the thematic development of his poems on visual art: The inviolable aesthetics of significant works of art helped him to overcome the horror of the last years of the war and the privations of Soviet captivity. Didactic moral aims initially shaped the poems Bobrowski created in the years after his return home before he was able to distance himself in terms of content and form from this type of poetry and began to write poems that take up cultural-historical aspects and juxtapose historical, mythological, biblical and religious-philosophical themes spanning epochs. His poems about the artists Jawlensky and Calder also touch simultaneously on aspects of the cultural landscape. In the last decade of his life, Bobrowski became increasingly interested in twentieth-century art, while modern architecture was absent from his work. Bobrowski devoted himself in an entire series of poems to Classicist and Romanticist painting and thus to works that were written during the Age of Goethe and about which Wilhelm Pinder may have given lectures during his "German Art in the Age of Goethe" course attended by Bobrowski. Architecture is a leitmotif in Bobrowski's lyrical works. The significance conveyed of the particular sacred and profane buildings referred to in the poems as well as the urban and village ensembles and individual parts of buildings changes several times over the years. Starting from traditional, juxtaposed juvenile poems in iambic versification, in which architectural elements form part of an awareness that fades out everything outside of the aesthetic, the significance of the sacred and secular buildings in Bobrowski's lyrical works changes for the first time during the years he spent in Russia during the war as part of the German military. In the odes Bobrowski wrote at the time, the architectural relics testify to suffering, death and destruction. What is still absent, however, is the central idea of guilt, which later becomes the focus of poems he writes after his return from captivity until his early death. Towards the end of the war and during his years of captivity, Bobrowski reflects on the theme of his homeland again, and the architecture in his poems becomes an aesthetically charged projection for his yearning for East Prussia and the Memel area. The aspect of the sublime first appears in his poems, both in relation to painting and architecture, during his captivity. This idea is developed on the one hand after his return to Berlin in his poems on the architecture of Gothic cathedrals and the architectural heritage of Classicism, but the cultural heritage of Europe also represents historical injustice and a heavy, far-reaching guilt in the poems written during this period. Bobrowski turns away from his criticism of the entire continent of Europe in later years and in his "Sarmatic Divan" concentrates on the guilt Germans have towards the peoples of Eastern Europe. This also lends the architecture in his poems a new meaning. The relics of the castles of the Teutonic Order testify to the rule of medieval conquerors and merge with nature: The symbolism of the architecture becomes part of the landscape. In the last decade of his life, he increasingly writes poems related to parks and urban green spaces. The city, "filled with meaning", moves to the centre of his poetry. However he does not deal with the technical achievements and social phenomena of urban life in these poems but with urban structures and especially the green and open spaces as symbols of history. The poet relies not only on personal experiences, but sometimes also on image sources without ever having seen the original. The poems about Chagall and Gauguin are hardly accessible without the knowledge that they refer to image reproductions in narrow, popular books that Bobrowski acquired shortly before writing the respective poems. The situation is different with the Russian churches that find their way into his lyrical works. Bobrowski had seen them all during the war, and most of them still appear to exist today and can be identified with some certainty with the help in part of the poet's letters from that period.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kersting2017, author = {Kersting, Sebastian}, title = {Isothermal nucleic acid amplification for the detection of infectious pathogens}, pages = {215}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pittel2017, author = {Pittel, Harald}, title = {Romance and Irony}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {286}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bekeraitė2017, author = {Bekeraitė, Simona}, title = {Distribution functions of rotating galaxies}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42095}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420950}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {V, 91}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The work done during the PhD studies has been focused on measurements of distribution functions of rotating galaxies using integral field spectroscopy observations. Throughout the main body of research presented here we have been using CALIFA (Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area) survey stellar velocity fields to obtain robust measurements of circular velocities for rotating galaxies of all morphological types. A crucial part of the work was enabled by well-defined CALIFA sample selection criteria: it enabled reconstructing sample-independent distributions of galaxy properties. In Chapter 2, we measure the distribution in absolute magnitude - circular velocity space for a well-defined sample of 199 rotating CALIFA galaxies using their stellar kinematics. Our aim in this analysis is to avoid subjective selection criteria and to take volume and large-scale structure factors into account. Using stellar velocity fields instead of gas emission line kinematics allows including rapidly rotating early type galaxies. Our initial sample contains 277 galaxies with available stellar velocity fields and growth curve r-band photometry. After rejecting 51 velocity fields that could not be modelled due to the low number of bins, foreground contamination or significant interaction we perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) modelling of the velocity fields, obtaining the rotation curve and kinematic parameters and their realistic uncertainties. We perform an extinction correction and calculate the circular velocity v_circ accounting for pressure support a given galaxy has. The resulting galaxy distribution on the M_r - v_circ plane is then modelled as a mixture of two distinct populations, allowing robust and reproducible rejection of outliers, a significant fraction of which are slow rotators. The selection effects are understood well enough that the incompleteness of the sample can be corrected and the 199 galaxies can be weighted by volume and large-scale structure factors enabling us to fit a volume-corrected Tully-Fisher relation (TFR). More importantly, we also provide the volume-corrected distribution of galaxies in the M_r - v_circ plane, which can be compared with cosmological simulations. The joint distribution of the luminosity and circular velocity space densities, representative over the range of -20 > M_r > -22 mag, can place more stringent constraints on the galaxy formation and evolution scenarios than linear TFR fit parameters or the luminosity function alone. In Chapter 3, we measure one of the marginal distributions of the M_r - v_circ distribution: the circular velocity function of rotating galaxies. The velocity function is a fundamental observable statistic of the galaxy population, being of a similar importance as the luminosity function, but much more difficult to measure. We present the first directly measured circular velocity function that is representative between 60 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1 for galaxies of all morphological types at a given rotation velocity. For the low mass galaxy population 60 < v_circ < 170 km s^-1, we use the HIPASS velocity function. For the massive galaxy population 170 < v_circ < 320 km s^-1, we use stellar circular velocities from CALIFA. The CALIFA velocity function includes homogeneous velocity measurements of both late and early-type rotation-supported galaxies. It has the crucial advantage of not missing gas-poor massive ellipticals that HI surveys are blind to. We show that both velocity functions can be combined in a seamless manner, as their ranges of validity overlap. The resulting observed velocity function is compared to velocity functions derived from cosmological simulations of the z = 0 galaxy population. We find that dark matter-only simulations show a strong mismatch with the observed VF. Hydrodynamic Illustris simulations fare better, but still do not fully reproduce observations. In Chapter 4, we present some other work done during the PhD studies, namely, a method that improves the precision of specific angular measurements by combining simultaneous Markov Chain Monte Carlo modelling of ionised gas 2D velocity fields and HI linewidths. To test the method we use a sample of 25 galaxies from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field (SAMI) survey that had matching ALFALFA HI linewidths. Such a method allows constraining the rotation curve both in the inner regions of a galaxy and in its outskirts, leading to increased precision of specific angular momentum measurements. It could be used to further constrain the observed relation between galaxy mass, specific angular momentum and morphology (Obreschkow \& Glazebrook 2014). Mathematical and computational methods are presented in the appendices.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hoernle2017, author = {H{\"o}rnle, Jacob}, title = {Gesellschaftsrechtliche Maßgaben f{\"u}r eine Gruppenbesteuerung ohne Gewinnabf{\"u}hrungsvertrag}, series = {Steuerwissenschaftliche Schriften ; 67}, journal = {Steuerwissenschaftliche Schriften ; 67}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-5195-2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {333}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die k{\"o}rperschaftsteuerliche Organschaft setzt den Abschluss eines Gewinnabf{\"u}hrungsvertrages i.S.v. \S 291 AktG zwischen Organgesellschaft und Organtr{\"a}ger voraus und bedingt so Verflechtungen von Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht, die Anlass f{\"u}r Kritik an der Organschaft und f{\"u}r Bestrebungen zu deren grundlegender Modernisierung unter Verzicht auf den Gewinnabf{\"u}hrungsvertrag geben. Die Arbeit untersucht, welche kapital- und konzerngesellschaftsrechtlichen Problemstellungen zu Tage tr{\"a}ten, sollte ein Gruppenbesteuerungssystem implementiert werden, das keinen Gewinnabf{\"u}hrungsvertrag verlangt. Die Untersuchung erfolgt f{\"u}r verschiedene Reformmodelle, die - wie die Organschaft - nach der Zurechnungsmethode arbeiten oder eine Steuerkonsolidierung durch Leistung so genannter Gruppenbeitr{\"a}ge zulassen. Die auftretenden gesellschaftsrechtlichen Konfliktlagen und L{\"o}sungswege werden f{\"u}r Gruppenmitglieder in der Rechtsform der GmbH und der AG getrennt systematisch dargestellt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{deSouzaSilveira2017, author = {de Souza Silveira, Raul}, title = {Human substrate metabolism at upper oxidative capacities}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42333}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423338}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {iii, 85, v}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) and fat are the main substrates to fuel prolonged endurance exercise, each having its oxidation patterns regulated by several factors such as intensity, duration and mode of the activity, dietary intake pattern, muscle glycogen concentrations, gender and training status. Exercising at intensities where fat oxidation rates are high has been shown to induce metabolic benefits in recreational and health-oriented sportsmen. The exercise intensity (Fatpeak) eliciting peak fat oxidation rates is therefore of particular interest when aiming to prescribe exercise for the purpose of fat oxidation and related metabolic effects. Although running and walking are feasible and popular among the target population, no reliable protocols are available to assess Fatpeak as well as its actual velocity (VPFO) during treadmill ergometry. Moreover, to date, it remains unclear how pre-exercise CHO availability modulates the oxidative regulation of substrates when exercise is conducted at the intensity where the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) is located (VIAT). That is, a metabolic marker representing the upper border where constant load endurance exercise can be sustained, being commonly used to guide athletic training or in performance diagnostics. The research objectives of the current thesis were therefore, 1) to assess the reliability and day-to-day variability of VPFO and Fatpeak during treadmill ergometry running; 2) to assess the impact of high CHO (HC) vs. low CHO (LC) diets (where on the LC day a combination of low CHO diet and a glycogen depleting exercise was implemented) on the oxidative regulation of CHOs and fat while exercise is conducted at VIAT. Methods: Research objective 1: Sixteen recreational athletes (f=7, m=9; 25 ± 3 y; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 68.3 ± 13.7 kg; 23.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²) performed 2 different running protocols on 3 different days with standardized nutrition the day before testing. At day 1, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the velocities at the aerobic threshold (VLT) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.00 (VRER) were assessed. At days 2 and 3, subjects ran an identical submaximal incremental test (Fat-peak test) composed of a 10 min warm-up (70\% VLT) followed by 5 stages of 6 min with equal increments (stage 1 = VLT, stage 5 = VRER). Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was measured continuously and used to determine fat oxidation rates. A third order polynomial function was used to identify VPFO and subsequently Fatpeak. The reproducibility and variability of variables was verified with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson's correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation (CV) and the mean differences (bias) ± 95\% limits of agreement (LoA). Research objective 2: Sixteen recreational runners (m=8, f=8; 28 ± 3 y; 1.76 ± 0.09 m; 72 ± 13 kg; 23 ± 2 kg/m²) performed 3 different running protocols, each allocated on a different day. At day 1, a maximal stepwise incremental test was implemented to assess the IAT and VIAT. During days 2 and 3, participants ran a constant-pace bout (30 min) at VIAT that was combined with randomly assigned HC (7g/kg/d) or LC (3g/kg/d) diets for the 24 h before testing. Breath-by-breath gas exchange data was measured continuously and used to determine substrate oxidation. Dietary data and differences in substrate oxidation were analyzed with a paired t-test. A two-way ANOVA tested the diet X gender interaction (α = 0.05). Results: Research objective 1: ICC, Pearson's correlation and CV for VPFO and Fatpeak were 0.98, 0.97, 5.0\%; and 0.90, 0.81, 7.0\%, respectively. Bias ± 95\% LoA was -0.3 ± 0.9 km/h for VPFO and -2 ± 8\% of VO2peak for Fatpeak. Research objective 2: Overall, the IAT and VIAT were 2.74 ± 0.39 mmol/l and 11.1 ± 1.4 km/h, respectively. CHO oxidation was 3.45 ± 0.08 and 2.90 ± 0.07 g/min during HC and LC bouts respectively (P < 0.05). Likewise, fat oxidation was 0.13 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.03 g/min (P < 0.05). Females had 14\% (P < 0.05) and 12\% (P > 0.05) greater fat oxidation compared to males during HC and LC bouts, respectively. Conclusions: Research objective 1: In summary, relative and absolute reliability indicators for VPFO and Fatpeak were found to be excellent. The observed LoA may now serve as a basis for future training prescriptions, although fat oxidation rates at prolonged exercise bouts at this intensity still need to be investigated. Research objective 2: Twenty-four hours of high CHO consumption results in concurrent higher CHO oxidation rates and overall utilization, whereas maintaining a low systemic CHO availability significantly increases the contribution of fat to the overall energy metabolism. The observed gender differences underline the necessity of individualized dietary planning before exerting at intensities associated with performance exercise. Ultimately, future research should establish how these findings can be extrapolated to training and competitive situations and with that provide trainers and nutritionists with improved data to derive training prescriptions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Peldszus2017, author = {Peldszus, Andreas}, title = {Automatic recognition of argumentation structure in short monological texts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421441}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiv, 252}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The aim of this thesis is to develop approaches to automatically recognise the structure of argumentation in short monological texts. This amounts to identifying the central claim of the text, supporting premises, possible objections, and counter-objections to these objections, and connecting them correspondingly to a structure that adequately describes the argumentation presented in the text. The first step towards such an automatic analysis of the structure of argumentation is to know how to represent it. We systematically review the literature on theories of discourse, as well as on theories of the structure of argumentation against a set of requirements and desiderata, and identify the theory of J. B. Freeman (1991, 2011) as a suitable candidate to represent argumentation structure. Based on this, a scheme is derived that is able to represent complex argumentative structures and can cope with various segmentation issues typically occurring in authentic text. In order to empirically test our scheme for reliability of annotation, we conduct several annotation experiments, the most important of which assesses the agreement in reconstructing argumentation structure. The results show that expert annotators produce very reliable annotations, while the results of non-expert annotators highly depend on their training in and commitment to the task. We then introduce the 'microtext' corpus, a collection of short argumentative texts. We report on the creation, translation, and annotation of it and provide a variety of statistics. It is the first parallel corpus (with a German and English version) annotated with argumentation structure, and -- thanks to the work of our colleagues -- also the first annotated according to multiple theories of (global) discourse structure. The corpus is then used to develop and evaluate approaches to automatically predict argumentation structures in a series of six studies: The first two of them focus on learning local models for different aspects of argumentation structure. In the third study, we develop the main approach proposed in this thesis for predicting globally optimal argumentation structures: the 'evidence graph' model. This model is then systematically compared to other approaches in the fourth study, and achieves state-of-the-art results on the microtext corpus. The remaining two studies aim to demonstrate the versatility and elegance of the proposed approach by predicting argumentation structures of different granularity from text, and finally by using it to translate rhetorical structure representations into argumentation structures.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rhinow2017, author = {Rhinow, Holger}, title = {Design Thinking als Lernprozess in Organisationen}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {138}, year = {2017}, language = {de} }