@article{OhlertBoos2020, author = {Ohlert, Clemens and Boos, Pauline}, title = {Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf Geschlechterungleichheiten}, series = {Arbeit}, volume = {29}, journal = {Arbeit}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0941-5025}, doi = {10.1515/arbeit-2020-0015}, pages = {195 -- 218}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Ausgehend von der Debatte um die Genderaspekte der Digitalisierung der Arbeit untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzung digitaler Technologien und der Entwicklung von Geschlechterungleichheiten empirisch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad unterrepr{\"a}sentiert sind und dass sich diese Dimension der Geschlechtersegregation in den letzten Jahren verst{\"a}rkte. Die Unterrepr{\"a}sentation von Frauen in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad geht mit Nachteilen bei den Verdiensten einher. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass der Gender Pay Gap in Branchen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad tendenziell gr{\"o}ßer ist und {\"u}ber die Zeit weniger zur{\"u}ckging als in Branchen, in denen weniger digitale Technologien genutzt werden.}, language = {de} } @article{ReithSeyfried2020, author = {Reith, Florian and Seyfried, Markus}, title = {Qualit{\"a}tsmanagement und das Puffern externer und interner Anforderungen}, series = {Qualit{\"a}t in der Wissenschaft}, volume = {14}, journal = {Qualit{\"a}t in der Wissenschaft}, number = {2}, publisher = {UVW Univ.-Verl. Webler}, address = {Bielefeld}, issn = {1860-3041}, pages = {44 -- 49}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The following article deals with the new-institutionalist concept of buffering. The concept describes in short, how organizations cope with external and internal demands in order to gain or maintain legitimacy. The article applies this approach to quality management in higher education. We argue, that the introduction of quality management is a reaction to external demands to achieve more quality in teaching and learning. Simultaneously, it functions as a buffer for other organizational subunits within the higher education institution and tries to prevent them from becoming overloaded with external demands. Based on interviews from a research project, the article shows, that both quality managers and higher education managers partly perceive quality management as service unit, which prevents the departments from exaggerating external demands.}, language = {de} } @article{AnsmannSeyfried2020, author = {Ansmann, Moritz and Seyfried, Markus}, title = {Zwischen Anspruch und Realit{\"a}t}, series = {HDS.Journal}, volume = {2020}, journal = {HDS.Journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hochschuldidaktisches Zentrum Sachsen (HDS)}, address = {Leipzig}, issn = {2195-0334}, pages = {6 -- 11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Eine evidenzbasierte Gestaltung von Studium und Lehre, wie sie heute normativ eingefordert wird, bedarf des integrierten Zusammenwirkens von Qualit{\"a}tsmanagement und Hochschuldidaktik - aber gibt es dieses in der Praxis? Mit Blick auf die allgemeine Befundlage, aber auch anhand einer eigenen empirischen Untersuchung zeigt der Beitrag diesbez{\"u}glich auf, dass Qualit{\"a}tsmanagement und Hochschuldidaktik als weitgehend desintegrierte Funktionsbereiche wahrgenommen werden und Evidenzbasierung in der Praxis folglich keinen sehr hohen Stellenwert genießt. Ausgehend von einer Ursachenanalyse wird auf die dysfunktionalen, aber auch auf die funktionalen Auswirkungen dieser Separierung aufmerksam gemacht.}, language = {de} } @article{Franzke2020, author = {Franzke, Jochen}, title = {Deutschlands Krisenmanagement in der CORONA-Pandemie.}, series = {Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej}, volume = {14}, journal = {Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej}, publisher = {Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu}, address = {Poznań}, issn = {1899-6256}, doi = {10.14746/rie.2020.14.21}, pages = {325 -- 342}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{RaoufiHoermannLigorioetal.2020, author = {Raoufi, Meysam and H{\"o}rmann, Ulrich and Ligorio, Giovanni and Hildebrandt, Jana and P{\"a}tzel, Michael and Schultz, Thorsten and Perdig{\´o}n-Toro, Lorena and Koch, Norbert and List-Kratochvil, Emil and Hecht, Stefan and Neher, Dieter}, title = {Simultaneous effect of ultraviolet radiation and surface modification on the work function and hole injection properties of ZnO thin films}, series = {Physica Status Solidi. A , Applications and materials science}, volume = {217}, journal = {Physica Status Solidi. A , Applications and materials science}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6300}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201900876}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The combined effect of ultraviolet (UV) light soaking and self-assembled monolayer deposition on the work function (WF) of thin ZnO layers and on the efficiency of hole injection into the prototypical conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is systematically investigated. It is shown that the WF and injection efficiency depend strongly on the history of UV light exposure. Proper treatment of the ZnO layer enables ohmic hole injection into P3HT, demonstrating ZnO as a potential anode material for organic optoelectronic devices. The results also suggest that valid conclusions on the energy-level alignment at the ZnO/organic interfaces may only be drawn if the illumination history is precisely known and controlled. This is inherently problematic when comparing electronic data from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements carried out under different or ill-defined illumination conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{JareckiTanJenny2020, author = {Jarecki, Jana B. and Tan, Jolene H. and Jenny, Mirjam}, title = {A framework for building cognitive process models}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {27}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2}, pages = {1218 -- 1229}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models.}, language = {en} } @article{TeraoGarattiniRomaoetal.2020, author = {Terao, Mineko and Garattini, Enrico and Rom{\~a}o, Maria Jo{\~a}o and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {Evolution, expression, and substrate specificities of aldehyde oxidase enzymes in eukaryotes}, series = {The journal of biological chemistry}, volume = {295}, journal = {The journal of biological chemistry}, number = {16}, publisher = {American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {0021-9258}, doi = {10.1074/jbc.REV119.007741}, pages = {5377 -- 5389}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small group of enzymes belonging to the larger family of molybdo-flavoenzymes, along with the well-characterized xanthine oxidoreductase. The two major types of reactions that are catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Different animal species have different complements of AOX genes. The two extremes are represented in humans and rodents; whereas the human genome contains a single active gene (AOX1), those of rodents, such as mice, are endowed with four genes (Aox1-4), clustering on the same chromosome, each encoding a functionally distinct AOX enzyme. It still remains enigmatic why some species have numerous AOX enzymes, whereas others harbor only one functional enzyme. At present, little is known about the physiological relevance of AOX enzymes in humans and their additional forms in other mammals. These enzymes are expressed in the liver and play an important role in the metabolisms of drugs and other xenobiotics. In this review, we discuss the expression, tissue-specific roles, and substrate specificities of the different mammalian AOX enzymes and highlight insights into their physiological roles.}, language = {en} } @article{KunstmannEngstroemWehleetal.2020, author = {Kunstmann, Ruth Sonja and Engstr{\"o}m, Olof and Wehle, Marko and Widmalm, G{\"o}ran and Santer, Mark and Barbirz, Stefanie}, title = {Increasing the affinity of an O-Antigen polysaccharide binding site in Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6 tailspike protein}, series = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, volume = {26}, journal = {Chemistry - A European Journal}, number = {32}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.202000495}, pages = {7263 -- 7273}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Broad and unspecific use of antibiotics accelerates spread of resistances. Sensitive and robust pathogen detection is thus important for a more targeted application. Bacteriophages contain a large repertoire of pathogen-binding proteins. These tailspike proteins (TSP) often bind surface glycans and represent a promising design platform for specific pathogen sensors. We analysed bacteriophage Sf6 TSP that recognizes the O-polysaccharide of dysentery-causing Shigella flexneri to develop variants with increased sensitivity for sensor applications. Ligand polyrhamnose backbone conformations were obtained from 2D H-1,H-1-trNOESY NMR utilizing methine-methine and methine-methyl correlations. They agreed well with conformations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD), validating the method for further predictions. In a set of mutants, MD predicted ligand flexibilities that were in good correlation with binding strength as confirmed on immobilized S. flexneri O-polysaccharide (PS) with surface plasmon resonance. In silico approaches combined with rapid screening on PS surfaces hence provide valuable strategies for TSP-based pathogen sensor design.}, language = {en} } @article{KoesterMattHess2020, author = {K{\"o}ster, Antonia and Matt, Christian and Hess, Thomas}, title = {Do all roads lead to Rome?}, series = {Business and Information Systems Engineering}, volume = {63}, journal = {Business and Information Systems Engineering}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1867-0202}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-020-00660-1}, pages = {349 -- 366}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Content website providers have two main goals: They seek to attract consumers and to keep them on their websites as long as possible. To reach potential consumers, they can utilize several online channels, such as paid search results or advertisements on social media, all of which usually require a substantial marketing budget. However, with rising user numbers of online communication tools, website providers increasingly integrate social sharing buttons on their websites to encourage existing consumers to facilitate referrals to their social networks. While little is known about this social form of guiding consumers to a content website, the study proposes that the way in which consumers reach a website is related to their stickiness to the website and their propensity to refer content to others. By using a unique clickstream data set of a video-on-demand website, the study compares consumers referred by their social network to those consumers arriving at the website via organic search or social media advertisements in terms of stickiness to the website (e.g., visit length, number of page views, video starts) and referral likelihood. The results show that consumers referred through social referrals spend more time on the website, view more pages, and start more videos than consumers who respond to social media advertisements, but less than those coming through organic search. Concerning referral propensity, the results indicate that consumers attracted to a website through social referrals are more likely to refer content to others than those who came through organic search or social media advertisements. The study offers direct insights to managers and recommends an increase in their efforts to promote social referrals on their websites.}, language = {en} } @article{GriscomBuschCookPattonetal.2020, author = {Griscom, Bronson W. and Busch, Jonah and Cook-Patton, Susan C. and Ellis, Peter W. and Funk, Jason and Leavitt, Sara M. and Lomax, Guy and Turner, Will R. and Chapman, Melissa and Streck, Charlotte}, title = {National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics}, series = {Biological sciences}, volume = {375}, journal = {Biological sciences}, number = {1794}, publisher = {The Royal Society Publishing}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8436}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0126}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Better land stewardship is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, particularly in the tropics, where greenhouse gas emissions from the destruction of ecosystems are largest, and where the potential for additional land carbon storage is greatest. As countries enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, confusion persists about the potential contribution of better land stewardship to meeting the Agreement's goal to hold global warming below 2 degrees C. We assess cost-effective tropical country-level potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)-protection, improved management and restoration of ecosystems-to deliver climate mitigation linked with sustainable development goals (SDGs). We identify groups of countries with distinctive NCS portfolios, and we explore factors (governance, financial capacity) influencing the feasibility of unlocking national NCS potential. Cost-effective tropical NCS offers globally significant climate mitigation in the coming decades (6.56 Pg CO(2)e yr(-1) at less than 100 US\$ per Mg CO(2)e). In half of the tropical countries, cost-effective NCS could mitigate over half of national emissions. In more than a quarter of tropical countries, cost-effective NCS potential is greater than national emissions. We identify countries where, with international financing and political will, NCS can cost-effectively deliver the majority of enhanced NDCs while transforming national economies and contributing to SDGs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.}, language = {en} }