@article{AwaisAhmadKhanetal.2018, author = {Awais, Muhammad and Ahmad, Rafiq and Khan, Nadeem and Garapati, Prashanth and Shahzad, Muhammad and Afroz, Amber and Rashid, Umer and Khan, Sabaz Ali}, title = {Transformation of tomato variety rio grande with drought resistant transcription factor gene ATAF1 and its molecular analysis}, series = {Pakistan Journal of Botany}, volume = {50}, journal = {Pakistan Journal of Botany}, number = {5}, publisher = {Pakistan botanic soc}, address = {Karachi}, issn = {0556-3321}, pages = {1811 -- 1820}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) being an important vegetable is cultivated and used throughout the world. It not only contributes in fulfilling the basic nutritional requirements of the human body but also has many health benefits due to its rich biochemical composition. However, its production at large scale is hampered by many limiting factors such as biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the different abiotic stresses, drought poses drastic impact on tomato yield. Drought stress is genetically regulated by many transcription factors that not only regulate the stress responsive mechanism but also facilitate the growth and development of tomato plants. NAC is an important stress related transcription factor genes family, and the ATAF1 gene, a member of this family, is involved in ABA signaling and stress response. In this study, tomato variety Rio Drande was transformed with drought resistant ATAF1 gene via Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation method. The ATAF1 gene was first cloned in the pK7WFG2 vector having kanamycin selectable marker and then it was introduced in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 through heat shock method. The tomato cotyledon and hypocotyl ex-plants of variety "Rio Ggrande" were cultured on callus induction medium (MS + 2.5 mg/L IAA + 2 mg/L BAP). The calli were then infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 containing ATAF1 gene and selection was carried out on the kanamycin selectable medium (MS + 100 mg/L Kan), and were regenerated on MS medium with 1 mg/L IAA + 1 mg/L BAP. Out of 216 putative transformed calli, 13 calli were able to regenerate on the selection medium. Of the 13 calli, three transgenic tomato plantlets were recovered, and these were confirmed through PCR analysis for the presence of 432 bp fragment of ATAF1 gene. The transformation protocol reported here can be used to generate drought resistant tomato plants in future.}, language = {en} } @article{FudickarLinker2018, author = {Fudickar, Werner and Linker, Torsten}, title = {Release of Singlet Oxygen from Aromatic Endoperoxides by Chemical Triggers}, series = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, volume = {57}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition}, number = {39}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1433-7851}, doi = {10.1002/anie.201806881}, pages = {12971 -- 12975}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The generation of reactive singlet oxygen under mild conditions is of current interest in chemistry, biology, and medicine. We were able to release oxygen from dipyridylanthracene endoperoxides (EPOs) by using a simple chemical trigger at low temperature. Protonation and methylation of such EPOs strongly accelerated these reactions. Furthermore, the methyl pyridinium derivatives are water soluble and therefore serve as oxygen carriers in aqueous media. Methylation of the EPO of the ortho isomer affords the parent form directly without increasing the temperature under very mild conditions. This exceptional behavior is ascribed to the close contact between the nitrogen atom and the peroxo group. Singlet oxygen is released upon this reaction, and can be used to oxygenate an acceptor such as tetramethylethylene in the dark with no heating. Thus, a new chemical source of singlet oxygen has been found, which is triggered by a simple stimulus.}, language = {en} } @article{SammoudNevillNegraetal.2018, author = {Sammoud, Senda and Nevill, Alan Michael and Negra, Yassine and Bouguezzi, Raja and Chaabene, Helmi and Hachana, Youn{\´e}s}, title = {Key somatic variables in young backstroke swimmers}, series = {Journal of sports sciences}, volume = {37}, journal = {Journal of sports sciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0264-0414}, doi = {10.1080/02640414.2018.1546547}, pages = {1162 -- 1167}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal body size, limb-segment length, girth or breadth ratios for 100-m backstroke mean speed performance in young swimmers. Sixty-three young swimmers (boys [n = 30; age: 13.98 ± 0.58 years]; girls [n = 33; age: 13.02 ± 1.20 years]) participated in this study. To identify the optimal body size and body composition components associated with 100-m backstroke speed performance, we adopted a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 100-m backstroke mean speed performance and the different somatic measurements estimated that biological age, sitting height, leg length for the lower-limbs, and two girths (forearm and arm relaxed girth) are the key predictors. Stature and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the abovementioned ratios could have been derived. These findings highlighted the importance of considering somatic characteristics of young backstroke swimmers and can help swimming coaches to classify their swimmers and enable them to suggest what might be the swimmers' most appropriate stroke (talent identification).}, language = {en} } @article{WirschingGrassmannEichelmannetal.2018, author = {Wirsching, Jan and Grassmann, Sophie and Eichelmann, Fabian and Harms, Laura Malin and Schenk, Matthew and Barth, Eva and Berndzen, Alide and Olalekan, Moses and Sarmini, Leen and Zuberer, Hedwig and Aleksandrova, Krasimira}, title = {Development and reliability assessment of a new quality appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies using biomarker data (BIOCROSS)}, series = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2288}, doi = {10.1186/s12874-018-0583-x}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background Biomarker-based analyses are commonly reported in observational epidemiological studies; however currently there are no specific study quality assessment tools to assist evaluation of conducted research. Accounting for study design and biomarker measurement would be important for deriving valid conclusions when conducting systematic data evaluation. Methods We developed a study quality assessment tool designed specifically to assess biomarker-based cross-sectional studies (BIOCROSS) and evaluated its inter-rater reliability. The tool includes 10-items covering 5 domains: 'Study rational', 'Design/Methods', 'Data analysis', 'Data interpretation' and 'Biomarker measurement', aiming to assess different quality features of biomarker cross-sectional studies. To evaluate the inter-rater reliability, 30 studies were distributed among 5 raters and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC-s) were derived from respective ratings. Results The estimated overall ICC between the 5 raters was 0.57 (95\% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.38-0.74) indicating a good inter-rater reliability. The ICC-s ranged from 0.11 (95\% CI: 0.01-0.27) for the domain 'Study rational' to 0.56 (95\% CI: 0.40-0.72) for the domain 'Data interpretation'. Conclusion BIOCROSS is a new study quality assessment tool suitable for evaluation of reporting quality from cross-sectional epidemiological studies employing biomarker data. The tool proved to be reliable for use by biomedical scientists with diverse backgrounds and could facilitate comprehensive review of biomarker studies in human research.}, language = {en} } @article{AichnerOttSlowinskietal.2018, author = {Aichner, Bernhard and Ott, Florian and Slowinski, Michal and Norygkiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Brauer, Achim and Sachse, Dirk}, title = {Leaf wax n-alkane distributions record ecological changes during the Younger Dryas at Trzechowskie paleolake (northern Poland) without temporal delay}, series = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {14}, journal = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {11}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1814-9324}, doi = {10.5194/cp-14-1607-2018}, pages = {1607 -- 1624}, year = {2018}, abstract = {While of higher plant origin, a specific source assignment of sedimentary leaf wax n-alkanes remains difficult. In addition, it is unknown how fast a changing catchment vegetation would be reflected in sedimentary leaf wax archives. In particular, for a quantitative interpretation of n-alkane C and H isotope ratios in terms of paleohydrological and paleoecological changes, a better understanding of transfer times and dominant sedimentary sources of leaf wax n-alkanes is required. In this study we tested to what extent compositional changes in leaf wax n-alkanes can be linked to known vegetation changes by comparison with high-resolution palynological data from the same archive. We analyzed leaf wax n-alkane concentrations and distributions in decadal resolution from a sedimentary record from Trzechowskie paleolake (TRZ, northern Poland), covering the Late Glacial to early Holocene (13 360-9940 yr BP). As an additional source indicator of targeted n-alkanes, compound-specific carbon isotopic data have been generated in lower time resolution. The results indicated rapid responses of n-alkane distribution patterns coinciding with major climatic and paleoecological transitions. We found a shift towards higher average chain length (ACL) values at the Allerod-Younger Dryas (YD) transition between 12 680 and 12 600 yr BP, co-evaled with a decreasing contribution of arboreal pollen (mainly Pinus and Betula) and a subsequently higher abundance of pollen derived from herbaceous plants (Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Artemisia), shrubs, and dwarf shrubs (Juniperus and Salix). The termination of the YD was characterized by a successive increase in n-alkane concentrations coinciding with a sharp decrease in ACL values between 11 580 and 11 490 yr BP, reflecting the expansion of woodland vegetation at the YD-Holocene transition. A gradual reversal to longer chain lengths after 11 200 yr BP, together with decreasing n-alkane concentrations, most likely reflects the early Holocene vegetation succession with a decline of Betula. These results show that n-alkane distributions reflect vegetation changes and that a fast (i.e., subdecadal) signal transfer occurred. However, our data also indicate that a standard interpretation of directional changes in biomarker ratios remains difficult. Instead, responses such as changes in ACL need to be discussed in the context of other proxy data. In addition, we find that organic geochemical data integrate different ecological information compared to pollen, since some gymnosperm genera, such as Pinus, produce only a very low amount of n-alkanes and for this reason their contribution may be largely absent from biomarker records. Our results demonstrate that a combination of palynological and n-alkane data can be used to infer the major sedimentary leaf wax sources and constrain leaf wax transport times from the plant source to the sedimentary sink and thus pave the way towards quantitative interpretation of compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios for paleohydrological reconstructions.}, language = {en} } @article{KruseGerdesKathetal.2018, author = {Kruse, Stefan and Gerdes, Alexander and Kath, Nadja J. and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {Implementing spatially explicit wind-driven seed and pollen dispersal in the individual-based larch simulation model}, series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {11}, journal = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {11}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1991-959X}, doi = {10.5194/gmd-11-4451-2018}, pages = {4451 -- 4467}, year = {2018}, abstract = {It is of major interest to estimate the feedback of arctic ecosystems to the global warming we expect in upcoming decades. The speed of this response is driven by the potential of species to migrate, tracking their climate optimum. For this, sessile plants have to produce and disperse seeds to newly available habitats, and pollination of ovules is needed for the seeds to be viable. These two processes are also the vectors that pass genetic information through a population. A restricted exchange among subpopulations might lead to a maladapted population due to diversity losses. Hence, a realistic implementation of these dispersal processes into a simulation model would allow an assessment of the importance of diversity for the migration of plant species in various environments worldwide. To date, dynamic global vegetation models have been optimized for a global application and overestimate the migration of biome shifts in currently warming temperatures. We hypothesize that this is caused by neglecting important fine-scale processes, which are necessary to estimate realistic vegetation trajectories. Recently, we built and parameterized a simulation model LAVESI for larches that dominate the latitudinal treelines in the northernmost areas of Siberia. In this study, we updated the vegetation model by including seed and pollen dispersal driven by wind speed and direction. The seed dispersal is modelled as a ballistic flight, and for the pollination of ovules of seeds produced, we implemented a wind-determined and distance-dependent probability distribution function using a von Mises distribution to select the pollen donor. A local sensitivity analysis of both processes supported the robustness of the model's results to the parameterization, although it highlighted the importance of recruitment and seed dispersal traits for migration rates. This individual-based and spatially explicit implementation of both dispersal processes makes it easily feasible to inherit plant traits and genetic information to assess the impact of migration processes on the genetics. Finally, we suggest how the final model can be applied to substantially help in unveiling the important drivers of migration dynamics and, with this, guide the improvement of recent global vegetation models.}, language = {en} } @article{Kotowski2018, author = {Kotowski, Elke-Vera}, title = {„Heimat"-Objekte}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte}, volume = {70}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Religions- und Geistesgeschichte}, number = {4}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {0044-3441}, doi = {10.1163/15700739-07004004}, pages = {324 -- 347}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Bei ihrer zumeist erzwungenen Emigration aus der deutschsprachigen Heimat nach Lateinamerika konnten bei weitem nicht alle ihren gesamten Hausstand mit in das neue Heimatland nehmen. Vielmehr war es der Mehrzahl der Emigranten nicht m{\"o}glich, mehr als ein paar Kofffer aus ihrem alten Leben in das neue zu retten. Verkauft oder beschlagnahmt, vieles musste zur{\"u}ckbleiben, was {\"u}ber Jahre die Wohnungen und H{\"a}user der deutschen Juden gef{\"u}llt hatte. Das Wenige, was doch mitgenommen werden konnte, hatte somit umso mehr pers{\"o}nlichen Wert f{\"u}r den Besitzer. Was also hatten die deutsch-j{\"u}dischen Emigranten und Exilanten in ihren Kofffern und weshalb waren gerade diese Objekte f{\"u}r sie bedeutend genug, um sie auf den beschwerlichen Weg {\"u}ber den Atlantik und auf einen neuen Kontinent in eine unbekannte Zukunft mitzunehmen?Eine Antwort auf diese Frage k{\"o}nnen die Objekte selbst geben, welche bis heute in den Familien der einstigen Emigranten aufbewahrt und benutzt werden. Sie repr{\"a}sentieren die verlorene Heimat, ein St{\"u}ck Geschichte des Ursprungslandes und der eigenen Familie. Diese Gegenst{\"a}nde sind mehr als nur Gebrauchsobjekte, welche ihren monet{\"a}ren Wert hatten und daher nicht zur{\"u}ckgelassen werden sollten. Es sind vielmehr Tr{\"a}ger von gegebenen und zugeschriebenen Bedeutungen und Erinnerungen an Heimat, die ihnen anhaften und {\"u}ber Generationen hinweg weitergegeben und in ihrem Sym-bolgehalt erg{\"a}nzt und erweitert werden.}, language = {de} } @article{Zimmermann2018, author = {Zimmermann, Malte}, title = {Wird Schon Stimmen!}, series = {Journal of semantics}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of semantics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0167-5133}, doi = {10.1093/jos/ffy010}, pages = {687 -- 739}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article puts forward a novel analysis of the German modal particle schon as a modal degree operator over propositional content. The proposed analysis offers a uniform perspective on the semantics of modal schon and its aspectual counterpart meaning 'already': Both particles are analyzed as denoting a degree operator, expressing a scale-based comparison over relevant alternatives. The alternatives are determined by focus in the case of aspectual schon (Krifka 2000), but are restricted to the polar alternatives p and ¬p in the case of modal schon. Semantically, modal schon introduces a presupposition to the effect that the circumstantial conversational background contains more factual evidence in favor of p than in favor of ¬p⁠, thereby making modal schon the not at-issue counterpart of the overt comparative form eher 'rather' (Herburger \& Rubinstein 2014). The analysis incorporates basic insights from earlier analyses of modal schon in a novel way, and it also offers new insights as to the underlying workings of modality in natural language as involving propositions rather than possible worlds (Kratzer 1977, 2012).}, language = {en} } @article{SoaresYamazakiMatzkaetal.2018, author = {Soares, Gabriel and Yamazaki, Yosuke and Matzka, J{\"u}rgen and Pinheiro, Katia and Morschhauser, Achim and Stolle, Claudia and Alken, Patrick}, title = {Equatorial counter electrojet longitudinal and seasonal variablity in the American sector}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics}, volume = {123}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Space physics}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9380}, doi = {10.1029/2018JA025968}, pages = {9906 -- 9920}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The equatorial electrojet occasionally reverses during morning and afternoon hours, leading to periods of westward current in the ionospheric E region that are known as counter electrojet (CEJ) events. We present the first analysis of CEJ climatology and CEJ dependence on solar flux and lunar phase for the Brazilian sector, based on an extensive ground-based data set for the years 2008 to 2017 from the geomagnetic observatory Tatuoca (1.2 degrees S, 48.5 degrees W), and we compare it to the results found for Huancayo (12.0 degrees S, 75.3 degrees W) observatory in the Peruvian sector. We found a predominance of morning CEJ events for both sectors. The afternoon CEJ occurrence rate in the Brazilian sector is twice as high as in the Peruvian sector. The afternoon CEJ occurrence rate strongly depends on season, with maximum rates occurring during the northern-hemisphere summer for the Brazilian sector and during the northern-hemisphere winter for the Peruvian sector. Significant discrepancies between the two sectors are also found for morning CEJ rates during the northern-hemisphere summer. These longitudinal differences are in agreement with a CEJ climatology derived from contemporary Swarm satellite data and can be attributed in part to the well-known longitudinal wave-4 structure in the background equatorial electrojet strength that results from nonmigrating solar tides and stationary planetary waves. Simulations with the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model show that the remaining longitudinal variability in CEJ during northern summer can be explained by the effect of migrating tides in the presence of the varying geomagnetic field in the South Atlantic Anomaly.}, language = {en} } @article{SalamatZoellerZareetal.2018, author = {Salamat, Mona and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Zare, Mehdi and Amini, Mortaza}, title = {The maximum expected earthquake magnitudes in different future time intervals of six seismotectonic zones of Iran and its surroundings}, series = {Journal of seismology}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of seismology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1383-4649}, doi = {10.1007/s10950-018-9780-7}, pages = {1485 -- 1498}, year = {2018}, abstract = {One of the crucial components in seismic hazard analysis is the estimation of the maximum earthquake magnitude and associated uncertainty. In the present study, the uncertainty related to the maximum expected magnitude mu is determined in terms of confidence intervals for an imposed level of confidence. Previous work by Salamat et al. (Pure Appl Geophys 174:763-777, 2017) shows the divergence of the confidence interval of the maximum possible magnitude m(max) for high levels of confidence in six seismotectonic zones of Iran. In this work, the maximum expected earthquake magnitude mu is calculated in a predefined finite time interval and imposed level of confidence. For this, we use a conceptual model based on a doubly truncated Gutenberg-Richter law for magnitudes with constant b-value and calculate the posterior distribution of mu for the time interval T-f in future. We assume a stationary Poisson process in time and a Gutenberg-Richter relation for magnitudes. The upper bound of the magnitude confidence interval is calculated for different time intervals of 30, 50, and 100 years and imposed levels of confidence alpha = 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01. The posterior distribution of waiting times T-f to the next earthquake with a given magnitude equal to 6.5, 7.0, and7.5 are calculated in each zone. In order to find the influence of declustering, we use the original and declustered version of the catalog. The earthquake catalog of the territory of Iran and surroundings are subdivided into six seismotectonic zones Alborz, Azerbaijan, Central Iran, Zagros, Kopet Dagh, and Makran. We assume the maximum possible magnitude m(max) = 8.5 and calculate the upper bound of the confidence interval of mu in each zone. The results indicate that for short time intervals equal to 30 and 50 years and imposed levels of confidence 1 - alpha = 0.95 and 0.90, the probability distribution of mu is around mu = 7.16-8.23 in all seismic zones.}, language = {en} }