@article{SchulteLiLisovskietal.2022, author = {Schulte, Luise and Li, Chenzhi and Lisovski, Simeon and Herzschuh, Ulrike}, title = {Forest-permafrost feedbacks and glacial refugia help explain the unequal distribution of larch across continents}, series = {Journal of biogeography}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of biogeography}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0305-0270}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.14456}, pages = {1825 -- 1838}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aim: The continental-scale distribution of plant functional types, such as evergreen and summergreen needle-leaf forest, is assumed to be determined by contemporary climate. However, the distribution of summergreen needle-leaf forest of larch (Larix Mill.) differs markedly between the continents, despite relatively similar climatic conditions. The reasons for these differences are little understood. Our aim is to identify potential triggers and drivers of the current distribution patterns by comparing species' bioclimatic niches, glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns. Location: Northern hemisphere. Taxon: Species of the genus Larix (Mill.). Methods: We compare species distribution and dominance using species ranges and sites of dominance, as well as their occurrence on modelled permafrost extent, and active layer thickness (ALT). We compare the bioclimatic niches and calculate the niche overlap between species, using the same data in addition to modern climate data. We synthesize pollen, macrofossil and ancient DNA palaeo-evidence of past Larix occurrences of the last 60,000 years and track differences in distribution patterns through time. Results: Bioclimatic niches show large overlaps between Asian larch species and American Larix laricina. The distribution across various degrees of permafrost extent is distinctly different for Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi compared to the other species, whereas the distribution on different depths of ALT is more similar among Asian and American species. Northern glacial refugia for Larix are only present in eastern Asia and Alaska. Main Conclusion: The dominance of summergreen larches in Asia, where evergreen conifers dominate most of the rest of the boreal forests, is dependent on the interaction of several factors which allows Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi to dominate where these factors coincide. These factors include the early postglacial spread out of northern glacial refugia in the absence of competitors as well as a positive feedback mechanism between frozen ground and forest.}, language = {en} } @article{DeCahsanNagelSchedinaetal.2020, author = {De Cahsan, Binia and Nagel, Rebecca and Schedina, Ina-Maria and King, James J. and Bianco, Pier G. and Tiedemann, Ralph and Ketmaier, Valerio}, title = {Phylogeography of the European brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri) and the European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) species pair based on mitochondrial data}, series = {Journal of fish biology}, volume = {96}, journal = {Journal of fish biology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford [u.a.]}, issn = {0022-1112}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.14279}, pages = {905 -- 912}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and the European brook lamprey Lampetra planeri (Block 1784) are classified as a paired species, characterized by notably different life histories but morphological similarities. Previous work has further shown limited genetic differentiation between these two species at the mitochondrial DNA level. Here, we expand on this previous work, which focused on lamprey species from the Iberian Peninsula in the south and mainland Europe in the north, by sequencing three mitochondrial marker regions of Lampetra individuals from five river systems in Ireland and five in southern Italy. Our results corroborate the previously identified pattern of genetic diversity for the species pair. We also show significant genetic differentiation between Irish and mainland European lamprey populations, suggesting another ichthyogeographic district distinct from those previously defined. Finally, our results stress the importance of southern Italian L. planeri populations, which maintain several private alleles and notable genetic diversity.}, language = {en} } @article{DolotovskayaBordalloHausetal.2017, author = {Dolotovskaya, Sofya and Bordallo, Juan Torroba and Haus, Tanja and Noll, Angela and Hofreiter, Michael and Zinner, Dietmar and Roos, Christian}, title = {Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio)}, series = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {181}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx001}, pages = {471 -- 483}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes have proved to be useful in reconstructing primate phylogenies with higher resolution and confidence compared to reconstructions based on partial mtDNA sequences. Here, we analyse complete mtDNA genomes of African green monkeys (genus Chlorocebus), a widely distributed primate genus in Africa representing an interesting phylogeographical model for the evolution of savannah species. Previous studies on partial mtDNA sequences revealed nine major clades, suggesting several cases of para- and polyphyly among Chlorocebus species. However, in these studies, phylogenetic relationships among several clades were not resolved, and divergence times were not estimated. We analysed complete mtDNA genomes for ten Chlorocebus samples representing major mtDNA clades to find stronger statistical support in the phylogenetic reconstruction than in the previous studies and to estimate divergence times. Our results confirmed para- and polyphyletic relationships of most Chlorocebus species, while the support for the phylogenetic relationships between the mtDNA clades increased compared to the previous studies. Our results indicate an initial west-east division in the northern part of the Chlorocebus range with subsequent divergence into north-eastern and southern clades. This phylogeographic scenario contrasts with that for another widespread African savannah primate genus, the baboons (Papio), for which a dispersal from southern Africa into East and West Africa was suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmanKowalskiKlimovaetal.2016, author = {Hoffman, J. I. and Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna and Klimova, A. and Eberhart-Phillips, Luke J. and Staniland, Iain J. and Baylis, Alastair M. M.}, title = {Population structure and historical demography of South American sea lions provide insights into the catastrophic decline of a marine mammal population}, series = {Royal Society Open Science}, volume = {3}, journal = {Royal Society Open Science}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {2054-5703}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.160291}, pages = {505 -- 517}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Understanding the causes of population decline is crucial for conservation management. We therefore used genetic analysis both to provide baseline data on population structure and to evaluate hypotheses for the catastrophic decline of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) at the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) in the South Atlantic. We genotyped 259 animals from 23 colonies across the Falklands at 281 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region and 22 microsatellites. A weak signature of population structure was detected, genetic diversity was moderately high in comparison with other pinniped species, and no evidence was found for the decline being associated with a strong demographic bottleneck. By combining our mitochondrial data with published sequences from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru, we also uncovered strong maternally directed population structure across the geographical range of the species. In particular, very few shared haplotypes were found between the Falklands and South America, and this was reflected in correspondingly low migration rate estimates. These findings do not support the prominent hypothesis that the decline was caused by migration to Argentina, where large-scale commercial harvesting operations claimed over half a million animals. Thus, our study not only provides baseline data for conservation management but also reveals the potential for genetic studies to shed light upon long-standing questions pertaining to the history and fate of natural populations.}, language = {en} } @article{NahavandiKetmaierTiedemann2012, author = {Nahavandi, Nahid and Ketmaier, Valerio and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Intron structure of the elongation factor 1-alpha gene in the ponto-caspian amphipod pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894) and its phylogeographic utility}, series = {Journal of crustacean biology}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of crustacean biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {San Antonio}, issn = {0278-0372}, doi = {10.1163/193724012X626584}, pages = {425 -- 433}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We tested the utility of a 230 base pair intron fragment of the highly conserved nuclear gene Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) as a proper marker to reconstruct the phylogeography of the marine amphipod Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894) from the Caspian and Black Seas. As a prerequisite for further analysis, we confirmed by Southern blot analysis that EF1-alpha is encoded at a single locus in P. maeoticus. We included 15 populations and 60 individuals in the study. Both the phylogeny of the 27 unique alleles found and population genetic analyses revealed a significant differentiation between populations from the aforementioned sea basins. Our results are in remarkable agreement with recent studies on a variety of species from the same area, which invariably support a major phylogeographic break between the Caspian and Black Seas. We thus conclude that our EF1-alpha intron is an informative marker for phylogeographic studies in amphipods at the shallow population level.}, language = {en} }