@article{VermaMatijevičDenkeretal.2021, author = {Verma, Meetu and Matijevič, Gal and Denker, Carsten and Diercke, Andrea and Dineva, Ekaterina Ivanova and Balthasar, Horst and Kamlah, Robert and Kontogiannis, Ioannis and Kuckein, Christoph and Pal, Partha S.}, title = {Classification of high-resolution Solar H alpha spectra using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {907}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Institute of Physics Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1538-4357}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/abcd95}, pages = {14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The H alpha spectral line is a well-studied absorption line revealing properties of the highly structured and dynamic solar chromosphere. Typical features with distinct spectral signatures in H alpha include filaments and prominences, bright active-region plages, superpenumbrae around sunspots, surges, flares, Ellerman bombs, filigree, and mottles and rosettes, among others. This study is based on high-spectral resolution H alpha spectra obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) located at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a machine-learning algorithm, which is used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. In this application, it projects H alpha spectra onto a two-dimensional map, where it becomes possible to classify the spectra according to results of cloud model (CM) inversions. The CM parameters optical depth, Doppler width, line-of-sight velocity, and source function describe properties of the cloud material. Initial results of t-SNE indicate its strong discriminatory power to separate quiet-Sun and plage profiles from those that are suitable for CM inversions. In addition, a detailed study of various t-SNE parameters is conducted, the impact of seeing conditions on the classification is assessed, results for various types of input data are compared, and the identified clusters are linked to chromospheric features. Although t-SNE proves to be efficient in clustering high-dimensional data, human inference is required at each step to interpret the results. This exploratory study provides a framework and ideas on how to tailor a classification scheme toward specific spectral data and science questions.}, language = {en} } @article{GhaffarJomaaMeonetal.2021, author = {Ghaffar, Salman and Jomaa, Seifeddine and Meon, G{\"u}nter and Rode, Michael}, title = {Spatial validation of a semi-distributed hydrological nutrient transport model}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {593}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125818}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Semi-distributed hydrological and water quality models are increasingly used as innovative and scientific-based management tools. However, their application is usually restricted to the gauging stations where they are originally calibrated, limiting their spatial capability. In this study, the semi-distributed hydrological water quality model HYPE (HYdrological Predictions for the Environment) was tested spatially to represent nitrate-N (NO3- N) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads of the nested and heterogeneous Selke catchment (463 km(2)) in central Germany. First, an automatic calibration procedure and uncertainty analysis were conducted using the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) tool to simulate discharge, NO3--N and TP concentrations. A multi-site and multi-objective calibration approach was applied using three main gauging stations, covering the most important hydro-meteorological and physiographical characteristics of the whole catchment. Second, the model's capability was tested to represent further internal stations, which were not initially considered for calibration. Results showed that discharge was well represented by the model at all three main stations during both calibration (1994-1998) and validation (1999-2014) periods with lowest Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.71 and maximum Percentage BIAS (PBIAS) of 18.0\%. The model was able to reproduce the seasonal dynamics of NO3--N and TP concentrations with low predictive uncertainty at the three main stations, reflected by PBIAS values in the ranges from 16.1\% to 6.4\% and from 20.0\% to 11.5\% for NO3--N and TP load simulations, respectively. At internal stations, the model could represent reasonably well the seasonal variation of nutrient concentrations with PBIAS values in the ranges from 9.0\% to 14.2\% for NO3--N and from 25.3\% to 34.3\% for TP concentration simulations. Overall, results suggested that the spatial validation of a nutrient transport model can be better ensured when a multi-site and multi-objective calibration approach using archetypical gauging stations is implemented. Further, results revealed that the delineation of sub-catchments should put more focus on hydro-meteorological conditions than on land-use features.}, language = {en} } @article{TawfikOndrakWinterleitneretal.2022, author = {Tawfik, Ahmed Y. and Ondrak, Robert and Winterleitner, Gerd and Mutti, Maria}, title = {Source rock evaluation and petroleum system modeling of the East Beni Suef Basin, north Eastern Desert, Egypt}, series = {Journal of African earth sciences}, volume = {193}, journal = {Journal of African earth sciences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1464-343X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104575}, pages = {21}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study deals with the East Beni Suef Basin (Eastern Desert, Egypt) and aims to evaluate the source-generative potential, reconstruct the burial and thermal history, examine the most influential parameters on thermal maturity modeling, and improve on the models already published for the West Beni Suef to ultimately formulate a complete picture of the whole basin evolution. Source rock evaluation was carried out based on TOC, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and visual kerogen petrography analyses. Three kerogen types (II, II/III, and III) are distinguished in the East Beni Suef Basin, where the Abu Roash "F" Member acts as the main source rock with good to excellent source potential, oil-prone mainly type II kerogen, and immature to marginal maturity levels. The burial history shows four depositional and erosional phases linked with the tectonic evolution of the basin. A hiatus (due to erosion or non-deposition) has occurred during the Late Eocene-Oligocene in the East Beni Suef Basin, while the West Beni Suef Basin has continued subsiding. Sedimentation began later (Middle to Late Albian) with lower rates in the East Beni Suef Basin compared with the West Beni Suef Basin (Early Albian). The Abu Roash "F" source rock exists in the early oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 19\% and 21\% in the East and West Beni Suef Basin, respectively, while the Lower Kharita source rock, which is only recorded in the West Beni Suef Basin, has reached the late oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 70\%. The magnitude of erosion and heat flow have proportional and mutual effects on thermal maturity. We present three possible scenarios of basin modeling in the East Beni Suef Basin concerning the erosion from the Apollonia and Dabaa formations. Results of this work can serve as a basis for subsequent 2D and/or 3D basin modeling, which are highly recommended to further investigate the petroleum system evolution of the Beni Suef Basin.}, language = {en} } @article{ArguellodeSouzaSamprognaMohorGuzmanAriasetal.2023, author = {Arguello de Souza, Felipe Augusto and Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Guzman Arias, Diego Alejandro and Sarmento Buarque, Ana Carolina and Taffarello, Denise and Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario}, title = {Droughts in S{\~a}o Paulo}, series = {Urban water journal}, volume = {20}, journal = {Urban water journal}, number = {10}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London [u.a.]}, issn = {1573-062X}, doi = {10.1080/1573062X.2022.2047735}, pages = {1682 -- 1694}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013-2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985-1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbertNicenboim2022, author = {Albert, Aviad and Nicenboim, Bruno}, title = {Modeling sonority in terms of pitch intelligibility with the nucleus attraction principle}, series = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, volume = {46}, journal = {Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0364-0213}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.13161}, pages = {68}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sonority is a fundamental notion in phonetics and phonology, central to many descriptions of the syllable and various useful predictions in phonotactics. Although widely accepted, sonority lacks a clear basis in speech articulation or perception, given that traditional formal principles in linguistic theory are often exclusively based on discrete units in symbolic representation and are typically not designed to be compatible with auditory perception, sensorimotor control, or general cognitive capacities. In addition, traditional sonority principles also exhibit systematic gaps in empirical coverage. Against this backdrop, we propose the incorporation of symbol-based and signal-based models to adequately account for sonority in a complementary manner. We claim that sonority is primarily a perceptual phenomenon related to pitch, driving the optimization of syllables as pitch-bearing units in all language systems. We suggest a measurable acoustic correlate for sonority in terms of periodic energy, and we provide a novel principle that can account for syllabic well-formedness, the nucleus attraction principle (NAP). We present perception experiments that test our two NAP-based models against four traditional sonority models, and we use a Bayesian data analysis approach to test and compare them. Our symbolic NAP model outperforms all the other models we test, while our continuous bottom-up NAP model is at second place, along with the best performing traditional models. We interpret the results as providing strong support for our proposals: (i) the designation of periodic energy as the acoustic correlate of sonority; (ii) the incorporation of continuous entities in phonological models of perception; and (iii) the dual-model strategy that separately analyzes symbol-based top-down processes and signal-based bottom-up processes in speech perception.}, language = {en} } @article{ThayumanasundaramRamanVenkatesanOussetetal.2022, author = {Thayumanasundaram, Savitha and Raman Venkatesan, Thulasinath and Ousset, Aymeric and Van Hollebeke, Kim and Aerts, Luc and Wubbenhorst, Michael and Van den Mooter, Guy}, title = {Complementarity of mDSC, DMA, and DRS Techniques in the Study of T-g and Sub-T-g Transitions in Amorphous Solids}, series = {Molecular pharmaceutics}, journal = {Molecular pharmaceutics}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1543-8384}, doi = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00123}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recently, glasses, a subset of amorphous solids, have gained attention in various fields, such as polymer chemistry, optical fibers, and pharmaceuticals. One of their characteristic features, the glass transition temperature (T-g) which is absent in 100\% crystalline materials, influences several material properties, such as free volume, enthalpy, viscosity, thermodynamic transitions, molecular motions, physical stability, mechanical properties, etc. In addition to T-g, there may be several other temperaturedependent transitions known as sub-T-g transitions (or beta-, gamma-, and delta-relaxations) which are identified by specific analytical techniques. The study of T-g and sub-T-g transitions occurring in amorphous solids has gained much attention because of its importance in understanding molecular kinetics, and it requires the combination of conventional and novel characterization techniques. In the present study, three different analytical techniques [modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS)] were used to perform comprehensive qualitative/quantitative characterization of molecular relaxations, miscibility, and molecular interactions present in an amorphous polymer (PVPVA), a model drug (indomethacin, IND), and IND/PVPVA-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This is the first ever reported DMA study on PVPVA in its powder form, which avoids the contribution of solvent to the mechanical properties when a selfstanding polymer film is used. A good correlation between the techniques in determining the T-g value of PVPVA, IND, and IND/ PVPVA-based ASDs is established, and the negligible difference (within 10 degrees C) is attributed to the different material properties assessed in each technique. However, the overall T-g behavior, the decrease in T-g with increase in drug loading in ASDs, is universally observed in all the above-mentioned techniques, which reveals their complementarity. DMA and DRS techniques are used to study the different sub-T-g transitions present in PVPVA, amorphous IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs because these transitions are normally too weak or too broad for mDSC to detect. For IND/PVPVA-based ASDs, both techniques show a shift of sub-T-g transitions (or secondary relaxation peaks) toward the high-temperature region from -140 to -45 degrees C. Thus, this paper outlines the usage of different solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the different molecular dynamics present in the polymer, drug, and their interactions in ASDs with the integrated information obtained from individual techniques.}, language = {en} } @article{BlumeSchneiderGuentner2021, author = {Blume, Theresa and Schneider, Lisa and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas}, title = {Comparative analysis of throughfall observations in six different forest stands}, series = {Hydrological processes}, volume = {36}, journal = {Hydrological processes}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0885-6087}, doi = {10.1002/hyp.14461}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Throughfall, that is, the fraction of rainfall that passes through the forest canopy, is strongly influenced by rainfall and forest stand characteristics which are in turn both subject to seasonal dynamics. Disentangling the complex interplay of these controls is challenging, and only possible with long-term monitoring and a large number of throughfall events measured in parallel at different forest stands. We therefore based our analysis on 346 rainfall events across six different forest stands at the long-term terrestrial environmental observatory TERENO Northeast Germany. These forest stands included pure stands of beech, pine and young pine, and mixed stands of oak-beech, pine-beech and pine-oak-beech. Throughfall was overall relatively low, with 54-68\% of incident rainfall in summer. Based on the large number of events it was possible to not only investigate mean or cumulative throughfall but also its statistical distribution. The distributions of throughfall fractions show distinct differences between the three types of forest stands (deciduous, mixed and pine). The distributions of the deciduous stands have a pronounced peak at low throughfall fractions and a secondary peak at high fractions in summer, as well as a pronounced peak at higher throughfall fractions in winter. Interestingly, the mixed stands behave like deciduous stands in summer and like pine stands in winter: their summer distributions are similar to the deciduous stands but the winter peak at high throughfall fractions is much less pronounced. The seasonal comparison further revealed that the wooden components and the leaves behaved differently in their throughfall response to incident rainfall, especially at higher rainfall intensities. These results are of interest for estimating forest water budgets and in the context of hydrological and land surface modelling where poor simulation of throughfall would adversely impact estimates of evaporative recycling and water availability for vegetation and runoff.}, language = {en} } @article{KranjcHorvatWienerSchmelingetal.2022, author = {Kranjc Horvat, Anja and Wiener, Jeff and Schmeling, Sascha and Borowski, Andreas}, title = {Learning goals of professional development programs at science research institutions}, series = {Journal of science teacher education : the official journal of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of science teacher education : the official journal of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1046-560X}, doi = {10.1080/1046560X.2021.1905330}, pages = {32 -- 54}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Effective professional development programs (PDPs) rely on well-defined goals. However, recent studies on PDPs have not explored the goals from a multi-stakeholder perspective. This study identifies the most important learning goals of PDPs at science research institutions as perceived by four groups of stakeholders, namely teachers, education researchers, government representatives, and research scientists. Altogether, over 100 stakeholders from 42 countries involved in PDPs at science research institutions in Europe and North America participated in a three-round Delphi study. In the first round, the stakeholders provided their opinions on what they thought the learning goals of PDPs should be through an open-ended questionnaire. In the second and third rounds, the stakeholders assessed the importance of the learning goals that emerged from the first round by rating and ranking them, respectively. The outcome of the study is a hierarchical list of the ten most important learning goals of PDPs at particle physics laboratories. The stakeholders identified enhancing teachers' knowledge of scientific concepts and models and enhancing their knowledge of the curricula as the most important learning goals. Furthermore, the results show strong agreement between all the stakeholder groups regarding the defined learning goals. Indeed, all groups ranked the learning goals by their perceived importance almost identically. These outcomes could help policymakers establish more specific policies for PDPs. Additionally, they provide PDP practitioners at science research institutions with a solid base for future research and planning endeavors.}, language = {en} } @article{FredrichBounckenTiberius2022, author = {Fredrich, Viktor and Bouncken, Ricarda B. and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Dyadic business model convergence or divergence in alliances?}, series = {Journal of business research}, volume = {153}, journal = {Journal of business research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0148-2963}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.046}, pages = {300 -- 308}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this study, we contribute to the scholarly conversation on firm-level business model changes following a neoconfigurational approach. By exploring configurations of business model changes over time, we add the direction of business model changes-namely business model convergence or divergence-as a vital avenue to the business model innovation literature. We identify necessary business model convergence and divergence recipes in a sample of N = 217 strategic dyadic alliances. Firstly, technological proximity emerges as a single precondition to both converging and diverging business models. Secondly, business models between competitors either converge through complementarities or tend not to change relative to each other. Thirdly, equity participation enables business model divergence through co-specialization. We conclude with a discussion of business model trajectories and future research directions.}, language = {en} } @article{KrausLiKangetal.2020, author = {Kraus, Sascha and Li, Hongbo and Kang, Qi and Westhead, Paul and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {The sharing economy}, series = {International journal of entrepreneurial behavior \& research}, volume = {26}, journal = {International journal of entrepreneurial behavior \& research}, number = {8}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, address = {Bingley}, issn = {1355-2554}, doi = {10.1108/IJEBR-06-2020-0438}, pages = {1769 -- 1786}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose Quantitative bibliometric approaches were used to statistically and objectively explore patterns in the sharing economy literature. Design/methodology/approach Journal (co-)citation analysis, author (co-)citation analysis, institution citation and co-operation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, document (co-)citation analysis and burst detection analysis were conducted based on a bibliometric data set relating to sharing economy publications. Findings Sharing economy research is multi- and interdisciplinary. Journals focused upon products liability, organizing framework, profile characteristics, diverse economies, consumption system and everyday life themes. Authors focused upon profile characteristics, sharing economy organization, social connections, first principle and diverse economy themes. No institution dominated the research field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified organizing framework, tourism industry, consumer behavior, food waste, generous exchange and quality cue as research themes. Document co-citation analysis found research themes relating to the tourism industry, exploring public acceptability, agri-food system, commercial orientation, products liability and social connection. Most cited authors, institutions and documents are reported. Research limitations/implications The study did not exclusively focus on publications in top-tier journals. Future studies could run analyses relating to top-tier journals alone, and then run analyses relating to less renowned journals alone. To address the potential fuzzy results concern, reviews could focus on business and/or management research alone. Longitudinal reviews conducted over several points in time are warranted. Future reviews could combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Originality/value We contribute by analyzing information relating to the population of all sharing economy articles. In addition, we contribute by employing several quantitative bibliometric approaches that enable the identification of trends relating to the themes and patterns in the growing literature.}, language = {en} }