@article{AzadianMajlesiJafarnezhadgeroetal.2020,
  author    = {Azadian, Elaheh and Majlesi, Mahdi and Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {The impact of hearing loss on three-dimensional lower limb joint torques during walking in prepubertal boys},
  series = {Journal of bodywork and movement therapies},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Journal of bodywork and movement therapies},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1360-8592},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.10.013},
  pages     = {123 -- 129},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Introduction: In children, the impact of hearing loss on biomechanical gait parameters is not well understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to examine three-dimensional lower limb joint torques in deaf compared to age-matched healthy (hearing) children while walking at preferred gait speed. Methods: Thirty prepubertal boys aged 8-14 were enrolled in this study and divided into a group with hearing loss (deaf group) and an age-matched healthy control. Three-dimensional joint torques were analyzed during barefoot walking at preferred speed using Kistler force plates and a Vicon motion capture system. Results: Findings revealed that boys with hearing loss showed lower joint torques in ankle evertors, knee flexors, abductors and internal rotators as well as in hip internal rotators in both, the dominant and non-dominant lower limbs (all p < 0.05; d = 1.23-7.00; 14-79\%). Further, in the dominant limb, larger peak ankle dorsiflexor (p < 0.001; d = 1.83; 129\%), knee adductor (p < 0.001; d = 3.20; 800\%), and hip adductor torques (p < 0.001; d = 2.62; 350\%) were found in deaf participants compared with controls. Conclusion: The observed altered lower limb torques during walking are indicative of unstable gait in children with hearing loss. More research is needed to elucidate whether physical training (e.g., balance and/or gait training) has the potential to improve walking performance in this patient group. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0090},
  pages     = {167 -- 173},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to display the static strength capacities of healthy adults in different age categories. A total of 279 healthy German adults at the ages of 20 to 29 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years generated their maximum static handgrip, index finger and thumb push strength, as well as their maximum opening strength on a smooth jar lid of 85 mm diameter and on a knurled bottle lid of 31 mm with their right hand. The results show larger male strength than female strength. Significant age-induced differences appear primarily in opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years in male subjects and in female opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 60 to 69 years as well as between the age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Of greatest interest is that elderly men show the largest opening strengths.},
  language  = {en}
}