@article{ChromikKirstenHerdicketal.2022, author = {Chromik, Jonas and Kirsten, Kristina and Herdick, Arne and Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna and Arnrich, Bert}, title = {SensorHub}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {22}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s22010408}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Observational studies are an important tool for determining whether the findings from controlled experiments can be transferred into scenarios that are closer to subjects' real-life circumstances. A rigorous approach to observational studies involves collecting data from different sensors to comprehensively capture the situation of the subject. However, this leads to technical difficulties especially if the sensors are from different manufacturers, as multiple data collection tools have to run simultaneously. We present SensorHub, a system that can collect data from various wearable devices from different manufacturers, such as inertial measurement units, portable electrocardiographs, portable electroencephalographs, portable photoplethysmographs, and sensors for electrodermal activity. Additionally, our tool offers the possibility to include ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies. Hence, SensorHub enables multimodal sensor data collection under real-world conditions and allows direct user feedback to be collected through questionnaires, enabling studies at home. In a first study with 11 participants, we successfully used SensorHub to record multiple signals with different devices and collected additional information with the help of EMAs. In addition, we evaluated SensorHub's technical capabilities in several trials with up to 21 participants recording simultaneously using multiple sensors with sampling frequencies as high as 1000 Hz. We could show that although there is a theoretical limitation to the transmissible data rate, in practice this limitation is not an issue and data loss is rare. We conclude that with modern communication protocols and with the increasingly powerful smartphones and wearables, a system like our SensorHub establishes an interoperability framework to adequately combine consumer-grade sensing hardware which enables observational studies in real life.}, language = {en} } @article{EngelMicheelHanack2022, author = {Engel, Robert and Micheel, Burkhard and Hanack, Katja}, title = {Three-dimensional cell culture approach for in vitro immunization and the production of monoclonal antibodies}, series = {Biomedical materials : materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine}, volume = {17}, journal = {Biomedical materials : materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine}, number = {5}, publisher = {Inst. of Physics}, address = {London}, issn = {1748-6041}, doi = {10.1088/1748-605X/ac7b00}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The generation of monoclonal antibodies using an in vitro immunization approach is a promising alternative to conventional hybridoma technology. As recently published, the in vitro approach enables an antigen-specific activation of B lymphocytes within 10-12 d followed by immortalization and subsequent selection of hybridomas. This in vitro process can be further improved by using a three-dimensional surrounding to stabilize the complex microenvironment required for a successful immune reaction. In this study, the suitability of Geltrex as a material for the generation of monoclonal antigen-specific antibodies by in vitro immunization was analyzed. We could show that dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells were able to travel through and interact inside of the matrix, leading to the antigen-specific activation of T and B cells. For cell recovery and subsequent hybridoma technique the suitability of dispase and Corning cell recovery solution (CRS) was compared. In our experiments, the use of dispase resulted in a severe alteration of cell surface receptor expression patterns and significantly higher cell death, while we could not detect an adverse effect of Corning CRS. Finally, an easy approach for high-density cell culture was established by printing an alginate ring inside a cell culture vessel. The ring was filled with Geltrex, cells, and medium to ensure a sufficient supply during cultivation. Using this approach, we were able to generate monoclonal hybridomas that produce antigen-specific antibodies against ovalbumin and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.}, language = {en} } @article{SchaeferKakularamReischetal.2022, author = {Sch{\"a}fer, Marj{\"a}nn Helena and Kakularam, Kumar Reddy and Reisch, Florian and Rothe, Michael and Stehling, Sabine and Heydeck, Dagmar and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Kuhn, Hartmut}, title = {Male Knock-in Mice Expressing an Arachidonic Acid Lipoxygenase 15B (Alox15B) with Humanized Reaction Specificity Are Prematurely Growth Arrested When Aging}, series = {Biomedicines}, volume = {10}, journal = {Biomedicines}, edition = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {2227-9059}, doi = {10.3390/biomedicines10061379}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Mammalian arachidonic acid lipoxygenases (ALOXs) have been implicated in cell differentiation and in the pathogenesis of inflammation. The mouse genome involves seven functional Alox genes and the encoded enzymes share a high degree of amino acid conservation with their human orthologs. There are, however, functional differences between mouse and human ALOX orthologs. Human ALOX15B oxygenates arachidonic acid exclusively to its 15-hydroperoxy derivative (15S-HpETE), whereas 8S-HpETE is dominantly formed by mouse Alox15b. The structural basis for this functional difference has been explored and in vitro mutagenesis humanized the reaction specificity of the mouse enzyme. To explore whether this mutagenesis strategy may also humanize the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b in vivo, we created Alox15b knock-in mice expressing the arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenating Tyr603Asp+His604Val double mutant instead of the 8-lipoxygenating wildtype enzyme. These mice are fertile, display slightly modified plasma oxylipidomes and develop normally up to an age of 24 weeks. At later developmental stages, male Alox15b-KI mice gain significantly less body weight than outbred wildtype controls, but this effect was not observed for female individuals. To explore the possible reasons for the observed gender-specific growth arrest, we determined the basic hematological parameters and found that aged male Alox15b-KI mice exhibited significantly attenuated red blood cell parameters (erythrocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin). Here again, these differences were not observed in female individuals. These data suggest that humanization of the reaction specificity of mouse Alox15b impairs the functionality of the hematopoietic system in males, which is paralleled by a premature growth arrest.}, language = {en} } @article{WessigBadetkoCzarneckietal.2022, author = {Wessig, Pablo and Badetko, Dominik and Czarnecki, Maciej and Wichterich, Lukas and Schmidt, Peter and Brudy, Cosima and Sperlich, Eric and Kelling, Alexandra}, title = {Studies toward the total synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignans via a Photo-Dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction}, series = {The journal of organic chemistry}, volume = {87}, journal = {The journal of organic chemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-3263}, doi = {10.1021/acs.joc.2c00195}, pages = {5904 -- 5915}, year = {2022}, abstract = {An efficient method for the preparation of arylnaphthalene lignans (ANLs) was developed, which is based on thePhoto-Dehydro-DIELS-ALDER(PDDA) reaction. While intermolecular PDDA reactions turned out to be inefficient, theintramolecular variant using suberic acid as tether linking two aryl propiolic esters smoothly provided naphthalenophanes. Theirradiations were performed with a previously developed annular continuous-flow reactor and UVB lamps. In this way, the naturalproducts Alashinol D, Taiwanin C, and an unnamed ANL could be prepared.}, language = {en} } @article{Rudolph2022, author = {Rudolph, Pascal}, title = {Rezension zu: Auslander, Philip: In concert: performing musical persona. - Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021. - ISBN: 978-0-472-05471-8}, series = {Popular Music}, volume = {41}, journal = {Popular Music}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0261-1430}, doi = {10.1017/S0261143022000228}, pages = {122 -- 124}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{MayerLeverGuehr2022, author = {Mayer, Dennis and Lever, Fabiano and G{\"u}hr, Markus}, title = {Data analysis procedures for time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a SASE free-electron-laser}, series = {Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics}, volume = {55}, journal = {Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics}, number = {5}, publisher = {IOP Publ.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0953-4075}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6455/ac3c91}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The random nature of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is a well-known challenge for x-ray core level spectroscopy at SASE free-electron lasers (FELs). Especially in time-resolved experiments that require a combination of good temporal and spectral resolution the jitter and drifts in the spectral characteristics, relative arrival time as well as power fluctuations can smear out spectral-temporal features. We present a combination of methods for the analysis of time-resolved photoelectron spectra based on power and time corrections as well as self-referencing of a strong photoelectron line. Based on sulfur 2p photoelectron spectra of 2-thiouracil taken at the SASE FEL FLASH2, we show that it is possible to correct for some of the photon energy drift and jitter even when reliable shot-to-shot photon energy data is not available. The quality of pump-probe difference spectra improves as random jumps in energy between delay points reduce significantly. The data analysis allows to identify coherent oscillations of 1 eV shift on the mean photoelectron line of 4 eV width with an error of less than 0.1 eV.}, language = {en} } @article{Schenck2022, author = {Schenck, Marcia C.}, title = {Rethinking Refuge: Processes of Refuge Seeking in Africa}, series = {Africa Today}, volume = {69}, journal = {Africa Today}, number = {1-2}, editor = {Schenck, Marcia C. and Njung, George N.}, publisher = {Indiana University Press}, address = {Bloomington}, issn = {1527-1978}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{GmeinerWarschburger2022, author = {Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Simply too much}, series = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity}, volume = {27}, journal = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1590-1262}, doi = {10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z}, pages = {317 -- 324}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1\% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2022, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field}, series = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, volume = {112}, journal = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, number = {4}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {El Cerito, Calif.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120210307}, pages = {1825 -- 1831}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.}, language = {en} } @article{RajuKoetz2022, author = {Raju, Rajarshi Roy and Koetz, Joachim}, title = {Pickering Janus emulsions stabilized with gold nanoparticles}, series = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society}, volume = {38}, journal = {Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids / American Chemical Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02256}, pages = {147 -- 155}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We report a modified approach to the batch scale preparation of completely engulfed core-shell emulsions or partially engulfed Janus emulsions with colorful optical properties, containing water, olive oil, and silicone oil. The in situ reduction of gold chloride, forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the olive oil interface in the absence or presence of chitosan, leads to the formation of compartmentalized olive-silicone oil emulsion droplets in water. In the absence of additional reducing components, time-dependent morphological transformations from partial engulfment to complete engulfment were observed. Similar experiments in the presence of chitosan or presynthesized AuNPs show an opposite time-dependent trend of transformation of core-shell structures into partially engulfed ones. This behavior can be understood by a time-dependent rearrangement of the AuNPs at the interface and changes of the interfacial tension. The Pickering effect of AuNPs at oil-water and oil-oil interfaces brings not only color effects to individual microdroplets, which are of special relevance for the preparation of new optical elements, but also a surprising self-assembly of droplets.}, language = {en} }