@article{RusakTanentzapKlugetal.2018,
  author    = {Rusak, James A. and Tanentzap, Andrew J. and Klug, Jennifer L. and Rose, Kevin C. and Hendricks, Susan P. and Jennings, Eleanor and Laas, Alo and Pierson, Donald C. and Ryder, Elizabeth and Smyth, Robyn L. and White, D. S. and Winslow, Luke A. and Adrian, Rita and Arvola, Lauri and de Eyto, Elvira and Feuchtmayr, Heidrun and Honti, Mark and Istvanovics, Vera and Jones, Ian D. and McBride, Chris G. and Schmidt, Silke Regina and Seekell, David and Staehr, Peter A. and Guangwei, Zhu},
  title     = {Wind and trophic status explain within and among-lake variability of algal biomass},
  series = {Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Limnology and oceanography letters / ASLO, Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2378-2242},
  doi       = {10.1002/lol2.10093},
  pages     = {409 -- 418},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Phytoplankton biomass and production regulates key aspects of freshwater ecosystems yet its variability and subsequent predictability is poorly understood. We estimated within-lake variation in biomass using high-frequency chlorophyll fluorescence data from 18 globally distributed lakes. We tested how variation in fluorescence at monthly, daily, and hourly scales was related to high-frequency variability of wind, water temperature, and radiation within lakes as well as productivity and physical attributes among lakes. Within lakes, monthly variation dominated, but combined daily and hourly variation were equivalent to that expressed monthly. Among lakes, biomass variability increased with trophic status while, within-lake biomass variation increased with increasing variability in wind speed. Our results highlight the benefits of high-frequency chlorophyll monitoring and suggest that predicted changes associated with climate, as well as ongoing cultural eutrophication, are likely to substantially increase the temporal variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeineckeFletcherMischkeetal.2018,
  author    = {Heinecke, Liv and Fletcher, W. J. and Mischke, Steffen and Tian, Fang and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Vegetation change in the eastern Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan, inferred from Lake Karakul pollen spectra of the last 28 kyr},
  series = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences},
  volume    = {511},
  journal   = {Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0031-0182},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.08.010},
  pages     = {232 -- 242},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We present a pollen record for last 28 cal kyr BP from the eastern basin of Lake Karakul, the largest lake in Tajikistan, located in the eastern Pamir Mountains at 3915 m asl, a geographically complex region. The pollen record is dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, while other taxa, apart from Poaceae, are present in low quantities and rarely exceed 5\% in total. Arboreal pollen occur predominantly from similar to 28 to similar to 13 cal kyr BP, but as likely no trees occurred in the high mountain regions of the eastern Pamir during this time due to the high altitude and cold climate, arboreal taxa are attributed to long distance transport, probably by the Westerlies, the dominant atmospheric circulation. Tree pollen influx decreases strongly after similar to 13 cal kyr BP, allowing the pollen spectra to be interpreted as a regional vegetation signal. We infer that from 27.6 to 19.4 cal kyr BP the eastern Pamir was dominated by dry mountain steppe with low vegetation cover, while from 19.0 to 13.6 cal kyr BP Artemisia values increase and Chenopodiaceae, most herb taxa, and inferred far distant input from arboreal taxa decrease. Between 12.9 and 6.7 cal kyr BP open steppe vegetation dominated with maximum values in Ephedra, and while steppe taxa still dominated the spectra from 5.4 to 1 cal kyr BP, meadow taxa start to increase. During the last millennium, alpine steppe and alpine meadows expanded and a weak human influence can be ascertained from the increase of Asteraceae and the occurrence of Plantago pollen in the spectra.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiLiuHerzschuhetal.2018,
  author    = {Li, Huashu and Liu, Xingqi and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Cao, Xianyong and Yu, Zhitong and Wang, Yong},
  title     = {Vegetation and climate changes since the middle MIS 3 inferred from a Wulagai Lake pollen record, Inner Mongolia, Northeastern China},
  series = {Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal},
  volume    = {262},
  journal   = {Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0034-6667},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.12.006},
  pages     = {44 -- 51},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The climate conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 were similar to present-day conditions, but whether humidity then exceeded present levels is debated, and the driving mechanisms of palaeoclimate evolution since MIS 3 remain unclear. Here, we use pollen data from Wulagai Lake, Inner Mongolia, to reconstruct vegetation and climate changes since the middle MIS 3. The steppe biome is reconstructed as the first dominant biome and the desert biome as the second, and the results show that the vegetation was steppe over the last 43,800 years. Poaceae, Artemisia, Caryophyllaceae and Humulus were abundant from middle to late MIS 3, indicating humid climate conditions. As drought-tolerant species such as Hippophae, Nitraria and Chenopodiaceae spread during MIS 2, the climate became arid. The Holocene is characterized by the dominance of steppe with mixed coniferous-broadleaved forests in the Greater Hinggan Range, and the desert biome retains high affinity scores, indicating that the climate was semi-arid. The climate from middle to late MIS 3 was wetter than in the Holocene; this shift was related to changes in the Northern Hemisphere's solar insolation and ice volume. The humid conditions during MIS 3 were attributed to strong ice-albedo feedback, which led to evaporation that was less than the precipitation. The enhanced evaporation caused by increased solar insolation and decreased ice volume might have exceeded the precipitation during the Holocene and resulted in low effective humidity in the Wulagai Lake basin.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilkenBaurSommeretal.2018,
  author    = {Wilken, Florian and Baur, Martin and Sommer, Michael and Deumlich, Detlef and Bens, Oliver and Fiener, Peter},
  title     = {Uncertainties in rainfall kinetic energy-intensity relations for soil erosion modelling},
  series = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution},
  volume    = {171},
  journal   = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0341-8162},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.002},
  pages     = {234 -- 244},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {For bare soil conditions, the most important process driving and initiating splash and interrill erosion is the detachment of soil particles via raindrop impact. The kinetic energy of a rainfall event is controlled by the drop size and fall velocity distribution, which is often directly or indirectly implemented in erosion models. Therefore, numerous theoretical functions have been developed for the estimation of rainfall kinetic energy from available rainfall intensity measurements. The aim of this study is to assess differences inherent in a wide number of kinetic energy-rainfall intensity (KE-I) relations and their role in soil erosion modelling. Therefore, 32 KE-I relations are compared against measured rainfall energies based on optical distrometer measurements carried out at five stations of two substantially different rainfall regimes. These allow for continuous high-resolution (1-min) direct measurements of rainfall kinetic energies from a detailed spectrum of measured drop sizes and corresponding fall velocities. To quantify the effect of different KE-I relations on sediment delivery, we apply the erosion model WATEM/SEDEM in an experimental setup to four catchments of NE-Germany. The distrometer data shows substantial differences between measured and theoretical models of drop size and fall velocity distributions. For low intensities the number of small drops is overestimated by the Marshall and Palmer (1948; MP) drop size distribution, while for high intensities the proportion of large drops is overestimated by the MP distribution. The distrometer measurements show a considerable proportion of large drops falling at slower velocities than predicted by the Gunn and Kinzer (1949) terminal velocity model. For almost all rainfall events at all stations, the KE-I relations predicted higher cumulative kinetic energy sums compared to the direct measurements of the optical distrometers. The different KE-I relations show individual characteristics over the course of rainfall intensity levels. Our results indicate a high sensitivity (up to a range from 10 to 27 t ha(-1)) of the simulated sediment delivery related to different KE-I relations. Hence, the uncertainty associated with KE-I relations for soil erosion modelling is of critical importance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LaraNitzeGrosseetal.2018,
  author    = {Lara, Mark J. and Nitze, Ingmar and Große, Guido and McGuire, A. David},
  title     = {Tundra landform and vegetation productivity trend maps for the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska},
  series = {Scientific Data},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Scientific Data},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2052-4463},
  doi       = {10.1038/sdata.2018.58},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Arctic tundra landscapes are composed of a complex mosaic of patterned ground features, varying in soil moisture, vegetation composition, and surface hydrology over small spatial scales (10-100 m). The importance of microtopography and associated geomorphic landforms in influencing ecosystem structure and function is well founded, however, spatial data products describing local to regional scale distribution of patterned ground or polygonal tundra geomorphology are largely unavailable. Thus, our understanding of local impacts on regional scale processes (e.g., carbon dynamics) may be limited. We produced two key spatiotemporal datasets spanning the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska (similar to 60,000 km(2)) to evaluate climate-geomorphological controls on arctic tundra productivity change, using (1) a novel 30m classification of polygonal tundra geomorphology and (2) decadal-trends in surface greenness using the Landsat archive (1999-2014). These datasets can be easily integrated and adapted in an array of local to regional applications such as (1) upscaling plot-level measurements (e.g., carbon/energy fluxes), (2) mapping of soils, vegetation, or permafrost, and/or (3) initializing ecosystem biogeochemistry, hydrology, and/or habitat modeling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HodgkinsRichardsonDommainetal.2018,
  author    = {Hodgkins, Suzanne B. and Richardson, Curtis J. and Dommain, Rene and Wang, Hongjun and Glaser, Paul H. and Verbeke, Brittany and Winkler, B. Rose and Cobb, Alexander R. and Rich, Virginia I. and Missilmani, Malak and Flanagan, Neal and Ho, Mengchi and Hoyt, Alison M. and Harvey, Charles F. and Vining, S. Rose and Hough, Moira A. and Moore, Tim R. and Richard, Pierre J. H. and De la Cruz, Florentino B. and Toufaily, Joumana and Hamdan, Rasha and Cooper, William T. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.},
  title     = {Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2041-1723},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LanzanoSgobbaLuzietal.2018,
  author    = {Lanzano, Giovanni and Sgobba, Sara and Luzi, Lucia and Puglia, Rodolfo and Pacor, Francesca and Felicetta, Chiara and Cotton, Fabrice and Bindi, Dino},
  title     = {The pan-European Engineering Strong Motion (ESM) flatfile},
  series = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1570-761X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10518-018-0480-z},
  pages     = {561 -- 582},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Engineering Strong-Motion (ESM) flatfile is a parametric table which contains verified and reliable metadata and intensity measures of manually processed waveforms included in the ESM database. The flatfile has been developed within the Seismology Thematic Core Service of EPOS-IP (European Plate Observing System Implementation Phase) and it is disseminated throughout a web portal for research and technical purposes. The adopted criteria for flatfile compilation aim to collect strong motion data and related metadata in a uniform, updated, traceable and quality-checked way to develop Ground Motion Models (GMMs) for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) and engineering applications. In this paper, we present the characteristics of ESM flatfile in terms of recording, event and station distributions, and we discuss the most relevant features of the Intensity Measures (IMs) of engineering interest included in the table. The dataset for flatfile compilation includes 23,014 recordings from 2179 earthquakes and 2080 stations from Europe and Middle-East. The events are characterized by magnitudes in the range 3.5-8.0 and refer to different tectonics regimes, such as shallow active crustal and subduction zones. Intensity measures include peak and integral parameters and duration of each waveform. The spectral amplitudes of the (5\% damping) acceleration and displacement response are provided for 36 periods, in the interval 0.01-10 s, as well as the 103 amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum for the frequency range 0.04-50 Hz. Several statistics are shown with reference to the most significant metadata for GMMs calibrations, such as moment magnitude, focal depth, several distance metrics, style of faulting and parameters for site characterization. Furthermore, we also compare and explain the most relevant differences between the metadata of ESM flatfile with those provided by the previous flatfile derived in RESORCE (Reference Database for Seismic Ground Motion in Europe) project.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtGertenHintzeetal.2018,
  author    = {Schmidt, Silke Regina and Gerten, Dieter and Hintze, Thomas and Lischeid, Gunnar and Livingstone, David M. and Adrian, Rita},
  title     = {Temporal and spatial scales of water temperature variability as an indicator for mixing in a polymictic lake},
  series = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2044-2041},
  doi       = {10.1080/20442041.2018.1429067},
  pages     = {82 -- 95},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We applied coarse spectral analysis to more than 2 decades of daily near-surface water temperature (WT) measurements from Muggelsee, a shallow polymictic lake in Germany, to systematically characterize patterns in WT variability from daily to yearly temporal scales. Comparison of WT with local air temperature indicates that the WT variability patterns are likely attributable to both meteorological forcing and internal lake dynamics. We identified seasonal patterns of WT variability and showed that WT variability increases with increasing Schmidt stability, decreasing Lake number and decreasing ice cover duration, and is higher near the shore than in open water. We introduced the slope of WT spectra as an indicator for the degree of lake mixing to help explain the identified temporal and spatial scales of WT variability. The explanatory power of this indicator in other lakes with different mixing regimes remains to be established.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GhaniZeilingerSobeletal.2018,
  author    = {Ghani, Humaad and Zeilinger, Gerold and Sobel, Edward and Heidarzadeh, Ghasem},
  title     = {Structural variation within the Himalayan fold and thrust belt},
  series = {Journal of structural geology},
  volume    = {116},
  journal   = {Journal of structural geology},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0191-8141},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jsg.2018.07.022},
  pages     = {34 -- 46},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Kohat and Potwar fold thrust belts (KP-FTB) in Pakistan exhibit structural variations over 250 km along strike within the Himalayan fold and thrust system. Our 3D deformation model shows that Kohat surface structures evolved above an active roof thrust in Eocene evaporites. The ramp-forming duplexes in the Kohat were stacked and passively transported toward the foreland above new ramps, resulting in up to 5 km of thickening between the two decollements. Ramps from the Kohat extend into the Potwar as thrust tips of fault propagation folds. The basement slope changes from flat (beta < 1 degrees) below the northern part to north-dipping (beta > 1 degrees) below the southern part, corresponding to the change in structural style and complexity of the KP-FTB. The Kalabagh Fault Zone, linking the two belts, is interpreted as a zone of complex dextral strike-slip rotational faulting. Salt expulsed from the hanging walls of normal faults and under synclines in the Kalabagh Fault Zone moved toward the footwall of normal faults, accumulated in the cores of anticlines, and formed lobe structures at the deformation front. The fundamental reasons for the variable structural styles are changes in decollement strength, basement slope, preexisting normal faulting, presence of a secondary decollement and spatially-variable salt mobility and accumulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GalettoGarciaCaselli2018,
  author    = {Galetto, Antonella and Garcia, Victor Hugo and Caselli, Alberto},
  title     = {Structural controls of the Domuyo geothermal field, Southern Andes (36°38′S), Argentina},
  series = {Journal of structural geology},
  volume    = {114},
  journal   = {Journal of structural geology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0191-8141},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jsg.2018.06.002},
  pages     = {76 -- 94},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Geothermal fields in subduction-related orogens are closely linked to areas characterized by young magmatic and tectonic activity, both in arc- and back-arc settings. The spatio-temporal interaction of Quaternary volcanic complexes with regional extensional and transtensional structures might favor a hydrothermal circuit between meteoric water and magmatic fluids. This study encompasses a kinematic analysis of fault structures from the high-enthalpy system located at the western flank of the Domuyo volcano in Argentina. An analysis of remote sensing data was applied to detect regional lineaments, lineament density, and to identify fracture patterns possibly associated with the different deformational stages documented in the area. These results were combined with detailed fracture analysis and kinematic study of mesoscale faults, as well as existing geological, structural, and geophysical data. The integration suggests that the fluid dynamics of the Domuyo geothermal field are directly conditioned by pre-existing basement structures that were reactivated as normal faults during Pliocene to-Quaternary times. Furthermore, the intensely fracture late Triassic - early Jurassic units are interpreted as the potential level for the reservoir. The fault reactivation was likely associated with the accommodation of regional extension along pre-existing fault structures, and locally enhanced by hydrothermal effects of the Domuyo geothermal field.},
  language  = {en}
}