@article{HuttenlauchFeldhausenBraun2018,
  author    = {Huttenlauch, Clara and Feldhausen, Ingo and Braun, Bettina},
  title     = {The purpose shapes the vocative},
  series = {Journal of the International Phonetic Association},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Journal of the International Phonetic Association},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {0025-1003},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0025100317000597},
  pages     = {33 -- 56},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The question of whether intonation contours directly signal meaning is an old one. We revisit this question using vocatives in Colombian Spanish (Bogot{\´a}). We recorded speakers' productions in three pragmatic conditions - greeting, confirmation-seeking, and reprimand - and compared proper names (vocatives) to situation-specific one-word utterances, such as !'Hola! 'Hello' (non-vocatives). Intonational analyses showed no direct one-to-one correspondence between the pragmatic conditions and intonation contours: (a) for vocatives, e.g. a rising-falling contour occurred in both greetings and reprimands; and (b) for non-vocatives, e.g. a step-down contour (a.k.a. calling contour) occurred in both greeting and confirmation-seeking conditions. Looking beyond intonation to consider other phonetic variables - spectral tilt, duration, alignment of tonal targets, f0-range, f0-slope - the results showed that the intonation contours that occurred in more than one pragmatic condition differed in phonetic realisation, e.g. rising-falling vocatives showed differences in f0-range of the rise and spectral tilt. However, the corresponding non-vocatives did not show the same differences. Furthermore, vocatives in greeting contexts were realised differently from non-vocatives in greeting contexts. In sum, the pragmatic condition affects the prosodic realisation of (non-)vocatives, but the relationship is complex. The results are discussed in the light of prosodic constructions, leading to the conclusion that the prosodic realisation of vocatives and non-vocatives in Bogot{\´a} Colombian Spanish cannot be easily modelled by prosodic constructions.},
  language  = {en}
}