@article{AbakarovaIskarousNoiray2018,
  author    = {Abakarova, Dzhuma and Iskarous, Khalil and Noiray, Aude},
  title     = {Quantifying lingual coarticulation in German using mutual information},
  series = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  volume    = {144},
  journal   = {The journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0001-4966},
  doi       = {10.1121/1.5047669},
  pages     = {897 -- 907},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In previous research, mutual information (MI) was employed to quantify the physical information shared between consecutive phonological segments, based on electromagnetic articulography data. In this study, MI is extended to quantifying coarticulatory resistance (CR) versus overlap in German using ultrasound imaging. Two measurements are tested as input to MI: (1) the highest point on the tongue body and (2) the first coefficient of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the whole tongue contour. Both measures are used to examine changes in coarticulation between two time points during the syllable span: the consonant midpoint and the vowel onset. Results corroborate previous findings reporting differences in coarticulatory overlap in German and across languages. Further, results suggest that MI used with the highest point on the tongue body captures distinctions related both to place and manner of articulation, while the first DFT coefficient does not provide any additional information regarding global (whole tongue) as opposed to local (individual articulator) aspects of CR. However, both methods capture temporal distinctions in coarticulatory resistance between the two time points. Results are discussed with respect to the potential of MI measure to provide a way of unifying coarticulation quantification methods across data collection techniques.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NoirayAbakarovaRubertusetal.2018,
  author    = {Noiray, Aude and Abakarova, Dzhuma and Rubertus, Elina and Kr{\"u}ger, Stella and Tiede, Mark},
  title     = {How do children organize their speech in the first years of life?},
  series = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Speech-Language-Hearing Assoc.},
  address   = {Rockville},
  issn      = {1092-4388},
  doi       = {10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0148},
  pages     = {1355 -- 1368},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Purpose: This study reports on a cross-sectional investigation of lingual coarticulation in 57 typically developing German children (4 cohorts from 3.5 to 7 years of age) as compared with 12 adults. It examines whether the organization of lingual gestures for intrasyllabic coarticulation differs as a function of age and consonantal context. Method: Using the technique of ultrasound imaging, we recorded movement of the tongue articulator during the production of pseudowords, including various vocalic and consonantal contexts. Results: Results from linear mixed-effects models show greater lingual coarticulation in all groups of children as compared with adults with a significant decrease from the kindergarten years (at ages 3, 4, and 5 years) to the end of the 1st year into primary school (at age 7 years). Additional differences in coarticulation degree were found across and within age groups as a function of the onset consonant identity (/b/, / d/, and /g/). Conclusions: Results support the view that, although coarticulation degree decreases with age, children do not organize consecutive articulatory gestures with a uniform organizational scheme (e.g., segmental or syllabic). Instead, results suggest that coarticulatory organization is sensitive to the underlying articulatory properties of the segments combined.},
  language  = {en}
}