@misc{TabbenIhsanGhouletal.2018, author = {Tabben, Montassar and Ihsan, Mohammed and Ghoul, Nihel and Coquart, Jeremy and Chaouachi, Anis and Chaabene, Helmi and Tourny, Claire and Chamari, Karim}, title = {Cold Water Immersion Enhanced Athletes' Wellness and 10-m Short Sprint Performance 24-h After a Simulated Mixed Martial Arts Combat}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {707}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44606}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446068}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Cold Water Immersion (CWI) on the recovery of physical performance, hematological stress markers and perceived wellness (i.e., Hooper scores) following a simulated Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) competition. Methods: Participants completed two experimental sessions in a counter-balanced order (CWI or passive recovery for control condition: CON), after a simulated MMAs competition (3 x 5-min MMA rounds separated by 1-min of passive rest). During CWI, athletes were required to submerge their bodies, except the trunk, neck and head, in the seated position in a temperature-controlled bath (similar to 10 degrees C) for 15-min. During CON, athletes were required to be in a seated position for 15-min in same room ambient temperature. Venous blood samples (creatine kinase, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations) were collected at rest (PRE-EX, i.e., before MMAs), immediately following MMAs (POST-EX), immediately following recovery (POST-R) and 24 h post MMAs (POST-24), whilst physical fitness (squat jump, countermovement-jump and 5- and 10-m sprints) and perceptual measures (well-being Hooper index: fatigue, stress, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and sleep) were collected at PRE-EX, POST-R and POST-24, and at PRE-EX and POST-24, respectively. Results: The main results indicate that POST-R sprint (5- and 10-m) performances were 'likely to very likely' (d = 0.64 and 0.65) impaired by prior CWI. However, moderate improvements were in 10-m sprint performance were 'likely' evident at POST-24 after CWI compared with CON (d = 0.53). Additionally, the use of CWI 'almost certainly' resulted in a large overall improvement in Hooper scores (d = 1.93). Specifically, CWI 'almost certainly' resulted in improved sleep quality (d = 1.36), stress (d = 1.56) and perceived fatigue (d = 1.51), and 'likely' resulted in a moderate decrease in DOMS (d = 0.60). Conclusion: The use of CWI resulted in an enhanced recovery of 10-m sprint performance, as well as improved perceived wellness 24-h following simulated MMA competition.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoenigBlockBeckeretal.2018, author = {K{\"o}nig, Johanna and Block, Andrea and Becker, Matthias and Fenske, Kristin and Hertel, Johannes and Van der Auwera, Sandra and Zymara, Kathleen and V{\"o}lzke, Henry and Freyberger, Harald J{\"u}rgen and Grabe, Hans J{\"o}rgen}, title = {Assessment of subjective emotional valence and long-lasting impact of life events}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {704}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459856}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Life events (LEs) are associated with future physical and mental health. They are crucial for understanding the pathways to mental disorders as well as the interactions with biological parameters. However, deeper insight is needed into the complex interplay between the type of LE, its subjective evaluation and accompanying factors such as social support. The "Stralsund Life Event List" (SEL) was developed to facilitate this research. Methods: The SEL is a standardized interview that assesses the time of occurrence and frequency of 81 LEs, their subjective emotional valence, the perceived social support during the LE experience and the impact of past LEs on present life. Data from 2265 subjects from the general population-based cohort study "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP) were analysed. Based on the mean emotional valence ratings of the whole sample, LEs were categorized as "positive" or "negative". For verification, the SEL was related to lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD; Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), resilience (Resilience Scale) and subjective health (SF-12 Health Survey). Results: The report of lifetime MDD was associated with more negative emotional valence ratings of negative LEs (OR = 2.96, p < 0.0001). Negative LEs (b = 0.071, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.25) and more negative emotional valence ratings of positive LEs (b = 3.74, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.11) were positively associated with childhood trauma. In contrast, more positive emotional valence ratings of positive LEs were associated with higher resilience (b = -7.05, p < 0.0001, beta = 0.13), and a lower present impact of past negative LEs was associated with better subjective health (b = 2.79, p = 0.001, beta = 0.05). The internal consistency of the generated scores varied considerably, but the mean value was acceptable (averaged Cronbach's alpha > 0.75). Conclusions: The SEL is a valid instrument that enables the analysis of the number and frequency of LEs, their emotional valence, perceived social support and current impact on life on a global score and on an individual item level. Thus, we can recommend its use in research settings that require the assessment and analysis of the relationship between the occurrence and subjective evaluation of LEs as well as the complex balance between distressing and stabilizing life experiences.}, language = {en} } @misc{vanderKantBiroLeveltetal.2018, author = {van der Kant, Anne and Biro, Szilvia and Levelt, Claartje and Huijbregts, Stephan}, title = {Negative affect is related to reduced differential neural responses to social and non-social stimuli in 5-to-8-month-old infants}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {643}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46813}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468136}, pages = {23 -- 30}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Both social perception and temperament in young infants have been related to social functioning later in life. Previous functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data (Lloyd-Fox et al., 2009) showed larger blood-oxygenation changes for social compared to non-social stimuli in the posterior temporal cortex of five-month-old infants. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by using fNIRS to study the neural basis of social perception in relation to infant temperament (Negative Affect) in 37 five-to-eight-month-old infants. Infants watched short videos displaying either hand and facial movements of female actors (social dynamic condition) or moving toys and machinery (non-social dynamic condition), while fNIRS data were collected over temporal brain regions. Negative Affect was measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Results showed significantly larger blood-oxygenation changes in the right posterior-temporal region in the social compared to the non-social condition. Furthermore, this differential activation was smaller in infants showing higher Negative Affect. Our results replicate those of Lloyd-Fox et al. and confirmed that five-to-eight-month-old infants show cortical specialization for social perception. Furthermore, the decreased cortical sensitivity to social stimuli in infants showing high Negative Affect may be an early biomarker for later difficulties in social interaction.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrasotkinaGoetzHoehleetal.2018, author = {Krasotkina, Anna and G{\"o}tz, Antonia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schwarzer, Gudrun}, title = {Perceptual narrowing in speech and face recognition}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {639}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45918}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459180}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {During the first year of life, infants undergo perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. This is typically characterized by improvements in infants' abilities in discriminating among stimuli of familiar types, such as native speech tones and same-race faces. Simultaneously, infants begin to decline in their ability to discriminate among stimuli of types with which they have little experience, such as nonnative tones and other-race faces. The similarity in time-frames during which perceptual narrowing seems to occur in the domains of speech and face perception has led some researchers to hypothesize that the perceptual narrowing in these domains could be driven by shared domain-general processes. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 53 Caucasian 9-month-old infants from monolingual German households on their ability to discriminate among non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well among same-race German faces and other-race Chinese faces. We tested the infants using an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm, with infants' preferences for looking at novel stimuli versus the habituated stimuli (dishabituation scores) acting as indicators of discrimination ability. As expected for their age, infants were able to discriminate between same-race faces, but not between other-race faces or non-native speech tones. Most interestingly, we found that infants' dishabituation scores for the non-native speech tones and other-race faces showed significant positive correlations, while the dishabituation scores for non-native speech tones and same-race faces did not. These results therefore support the hypothesis that shared domain-general mechanisms may drive perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception.}, language = {en} } @misc{WeberPutaLesinskietal.2018, author = {Weber, Stephanie and Puta, Christian and Lesinski, Melanie and Gabriel, Brunhild and Steidten, Thomas and B{\"a}r, Karl-J{\"u}rgen and Herbsleb, Marco and Granacher, Urs and Gabriel, Holger H. W.}, title = {Symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {638}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44560}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445602}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Elite young athletes have to cope with multiple psychological demands such as training volume, mental and physical fatigue, spatial separation of family and friends or time management problems may lead to reduced mental and physical recovery. While normative data regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression for the general population is available (Hinz and Brahler, 2011), hardly any information exists for adolescents in general and young athletes in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess overall symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes as well as possible sex differences. The survey was carried out within the scope of the study "Resistance Training in Young Athletes" (KINGS-Study). Between August 2015 and September 2016, 326 young athletes aged (mean +/- SD) 14.3 +/- 1.6 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows: late childhood (12-14 years) and late adolescence (15-18 years). The participating young athletes were recruited from Olympic weight lifting, handball, judo, track and field athletics, boxing, soccer, gymnastics, ice speed skating, volleyball, and rowing. Anxiety and depression scores were (mean +/- SD) 4.3 +/- 3.0 and 2.8 +/- 2.9, respectively. In the subscale anxiety, 22 cases (6.7\%) showed subclinical scores and 11 cases (3.4\%) showed clinical relevant score values. When analyzing the depression subscale, 31 cases (9.5\%) showed subclinical score values and 12 cases (3.7\%) showed clinically important values. No significant differences were found between male and female athletes (p >= 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the HADS scores were found between male athletes of late childhood and late adolescents (p >= 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing questionnaire based indicators of symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes. Our data implies the need for sports medical as well as sports psychiatric support for young athletes. In addition, our results demonstrated that the chronological classification concerning age did not influence HAD Scale outcomes. Future research should focus on sports medical and sports psychiatric interventional approaches with the goal to prevent anxiety and depression as well as teaching coping strategies to young athletes.}, language = {en} } @misc{LopukhinaLaurinavichyuteLopukhinetal.2018, author = {Lopukhina, Anastasiya and Laurinavichyute, Anna and Lopukhin, Konstantin and Dragoy, Olga V.}, title = {The mental representation of polysemy across word classes}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {637}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44563}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445637}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Experimental studies on polysemy have come to contradictory conclusions on whether words with multiple senses are stored as separate or shared mental representations. The present study examined the semantic relatedness and semantic similarity of literal and non-literal (metonymic and metaphorical) senses of three word classes: nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Two methods were used: a psycholinguistic experiment and a distributional analysis of corpus data. In the experiment, participants were presented with 6-12 short phrases containing a polysemous word in literal, metonymic, or metaphorical senses and were asked to classify them so that phrases with the same perceived sense were grouped together. To investigate the impact of professional background on their decisions, participants were controlled for linguistic vs. non-linguistic education. For nouns and verbs, all participants preferred to group together phrases with literal and metonymic senses, but not any other pairs of senses. For adjectives, two pairs of senses were often grouped together: literal with metonymic, and metonymic with metaphorical. Participants with a linguistic background were more accurate than participants with non-linguistic backgrounds, although both groups shared principal patterns of sense classification. For the distributional analysis of corpus data, we used a semantic vector approach to quantify the similarity of phrases with literal, metonymic, and metaphorical senses in the corpora. We found that phrases with literal and metonymic senses had the highest degree of similarity for the three word classes, and that metonymic and metaphorical senses of adjectives had the highest degree of similarity among all word classes. These findings are in line with the experimental results. Overall, the results suggest that the mental representation of a polysemous word depends on its word class. In nouns and verbs, literal and metonymic senses are stored together, while metaphorical senses are stored separately; in adjectives, metonymic senses significantly overlap with both literal and metaphorical senses.}, language = {en} } @misc{LonnemannHasselhorn2018, author = {Lonnemann, Jan and Hasselhorn, Marcus}, title = {Fr{\"u}he mathematische Bildung}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {636}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44148}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441484}, pages = {129 -- 134}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden aktuelle Forschungstrends im Bereich der fr{\"u}hen mathematischen Bildung im Kontext j{\"u}ngst formulierter Zieldimensionen f{\"u}r die fr{\"u}he mathematische Bildung (siehe Benz et al., 2017) dargestellt. Es wird auf spielbasierte F{\"o}rdermaßnahmen, Kompetenzen im Bereich „Raum und Form", den Einfluss sprachlicher Parameter auf die Entwicklung mathematischer Kompetenzen sowie auf mathematikbezogene Kompetenzen fr{\"u}hp{\"a}dagogischer Fachkr{\"a}fte eingegangen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Feldstudie zur F{\"o}rderung fr{\"u}her mathematischer Kompetenzen (siehe Dillon, Kannan, Dean, Spelke \& Duflo, 2017) vorgestellt. Abschließend wird die Entwicklung und Implementierung anschlussf{\"a}higer Bildungskonzepte als eine der zentralen Herausforderungen zuk{\"u}nftiger Forschungs- und Bildungsbem{\"u}hungen diskutiert}, language = {de} } @misc{TheoharovaDemmel2018, author = {Theoharova, Simona and Demmel, Ralf}, title = {Wie klingt Motivation?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {635}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44147}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441471}, pages = {207 -- 215}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Hintergrund/Fragestellung: W{\"a}hrend einer erfolgreichen Psychotherapie - so Miller und Rollnick (2013) - initiiert der Therapeut ein lautes Nachdenken {\"u}ber Ver{\"a}nderung (change talk), das eine Verhaltens{\"a}nderung einleitet und verschiedene Facetten der Motivation eines Patienten spiegelt. Auf den preparatory change talk (desire, ability, reasons, need) folgt der mobilizing change talk (commitment, activation, taking steps) und schließlich die Verhaltens{\"a}nderung. Die vorliegende Studie ist ein erster Versuch, deutsche Begriffe und Redewendungen zu analysieren, um Therapeuten die Einsch{\"a}tzung der Motivation eines Patienten zu erleichtern. Methodik: Das schrittweise Vorgehen entsprach weitgehend einem in der englischsprachigen Literatur beschriebenen Verfahren zur Einsch{\"a}tzung von Begriffen und Redewendungen hinsichtlich der Motivation eines Sprechers (vgl. Amrhein, 2009): (1) Generierung einer Sammlung relevanter Begriffe und Redewendungen, (2) Einsch{\"a}tzung der St{\"a}rke einer Formulierung durch 430 Probanden, (3) Bestimmung der Retestreliabilit{\"a}t anhand der Einsch{\"a}tzungen von 63 Probanden, (4) Kategorisierung von 140 Begriffen und Redewendungen durch drei Experten. Ergebnisse: Die ausgew{\"a}hlten Begriffe und Phrasen lassen sich zuverl{\"a}ssig den von Miller und Rollnick (2013) beschriebenen Kategorien Preparatory Change Talk oder Mobilizing Change Talk zuordnen, κ = .83 (95 \% CI, .80 ≤ κ≤ .85), p < .001, und spiegeln dar{\"u}ber hinaus verschiedene Auspr{\"a}gungen der Motivation eines Sprechers wider. Die Einsch{\"a}tzungen der St{\"a}rke einer Formulierung sind jedoch nicht stabil (Retestreliabilit{\"a}t: .21 ≤ rtt ≤.70). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Beachtung typischer Schl{\"u}sselw{\"o}rter kann das richtige Timing einer Intervention erleichtern und dar{\"u}ber hinaus Auskunft {\"u}ber die „Entschlossenheit" eines Patienten geben. Im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten k{\"o}nnten auf der Basis erweiterter Sammlungen relevanter Begriffe und Redewendungen Algorithmen entwickelt werden, die eine Einsch{\"a}tzung der Motivation und damit prognostisch bedeutsame Aussagen erlauben.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchulzWyschkonGallitetal.2018, author = {Schulz, Franziska and Wyschkon, Anne and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Moraske, Svenja and Kucian, Karin and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Rechenprobleme von Grundschulkindern}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {634}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44138}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441388}, pages = {67 -- 80}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Ziel war die Untersuchung des Verlaufs von Kindern mit Rechenst{\"o}rungen bzw. Rechenschw{\"a}chen. Neben der Persistenz wurden Auswirkungen von Rechenproblemen auf k{\"u}nftige Rechenleistungen sowie den Schulerfolg gepr{\"u}ft. Methodik: F{\"u}r 2909 Sch{\"u}ler der 2. bis 5. Klasse liegen die Resultate standardisierter Rechen- und Intelligenztests vor. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 37 und 68 Mona-ten erneut untersucht worden. Ergebnisse: Die Pr{\"a}valenz von Rechenst{\"o}rungen betrug 1.4 \%, Rechenschw{\"a}chen traten bei 11.2 \% auf. Rechen-probleme zeigten eine mittlere bis hohe Persistenz. Sch{\"u}ler mit Rechenschw{\"a}che blieben im Rechnen gut eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und ca. eine halbe Standardabweichung hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern zur{\"u}ck. Der allgemeine Schulerfolg rechenschwacher Probanden (definiert {\"u}ber Mathematiknote, Deutschnote und Schultyp) {\"a}hnelte dem der unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollgruppe und blieb hinter dem Schulerfolg durchschnittlich intelligenter Kontrollkinder zur{\"u}ck. Eingangs {\"a}ltere Probanden mit Rechenproblemen (4. bis 5. Klasse) wiesen eine schlechtere Prognose auf als Kinder, die zu Beginn die 2. oder 3. Klasse besuchten. Schluss-folgerungen: Rechenprobleme stellen ein ernsthaftes Entwicklungsrisiko dar. L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchungen, die Kinder mit streng definierter Rechenst{\"o}rung bis ins Erwachsenenalter begleiten und Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedlich erfolgreiche Verl{\"a}ufe ermitteln, sind dringend notwendig.}, language = {de} } @misc{GallitWyschkonPoltzetal.2018, author = {Gallit, Finja and Wyschkon, Anne and Poltz, Nadine and Moraske, Svenja and Kucian, Karin and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Henne oder Ei}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {632}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44135}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441356}, pages = {81 -- 92}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Ziel war die Untersuchung der Entwicklung und wechselseitigen Beziehung von Zahlen- und Mengenvorwissen (ZMW), Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis (AG) und Intelligenz sowie deren Vorhersagekraft f{\"u}r die Rechenleistung in der ersten Klasse. Methodik: 1897 Kindergartenkinder nahmen an dieser Studie teil. Ein Teil dieser Kinder wurde 9 Monate sp{\"a}ter und erneut in der ersten Klasse untersucht. Ergebnisse: W{\"a}hrend des Kindergartenjahres verbesserten sich die Kinder in allen untersuchten Leistungen. Reziproke Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den drei erhobenen Vorl{\"a}uferf{\"a}higkeiten konnten nachgewiesen werden. Das ZMW erwies sich als guter Pr{\"a}diktor f{\"u}r die AG- und Intelligenzleistung. Bei der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Vorhersage des Rechnens erwies sich das ZMW als bester Pr{\"a}diktor der sp{\"a}teren Rechenleistung. Erwartungsgem{\"a}ß zeigten die zu t1 erfassten allgemein-kognitiven Leistungen indirekte Effekte {\"u}ber das ZMW auf die Rechenleistung. Die Intelligenz und das AG zu t2 konnten direkt zur Vorhersage des Rechnens in der ersten Klasse beitragen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass das AG und die Intelligenz zwar an dem Aufbau des ZMW beteiligt sind, aber vor allem selbst durch dieses vorhergesagt werden. Die Daten sprechen daf{\"u}r das Potenzial des ZMWs in Trainingsprogrammen zu nutzen, durch dessen F{\"o}rderung auch intellektuelle und Ged{\"a}chtnisleistungen zunehmen k{\"o}nnen, die allesamt die schulische Rechenleistung positiv beeinflussen.}, language = {de} }