TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verch, Ronald
A1  - Hirschmüller, Anja
A1  - Müller, Juliane
A1  - Baur, Heiner
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Müller, Steffen
T1  - Is in-toing gait physiological in children?
T2  - Gait & posture
N2  - Research question: This study aimed to establish reference values in 1-14 year old healthy children and to implement FPA-percentile curves for daily clinical use. Methods: 5910 healthy children performed at least 3 repetitions of barefoot walking over an instrumented walkway using a pressure measurement platform. The FPA [degrees] was extracted and analyzed by age and gender (mean +/- standard deviation; median with percentiles, MANOVA (age, gender) and Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test for intra-individual side differences (alpha = 0.05). Results: FPA maximum was observed in 2-year-old children and diminished significant until the age of 4 to moderate out-toeing. For ages 5-14, no statistically significant differences in FPA values were present (p > 0.05). MANOVA confirmed age (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.001) as significant FPA influencing factors, without combined effect (p > 0.05). In every age group, right feet showed significantly greater out-toeing (p < 0.05). Significance: Percentile values indicate a wide FPA range in children. FPA development in young children shows a spontaneous shift towards moderate external rotation (age 2-4), whereby in-toeing <= 1-5 degrees can be present, but can return to normal. Bilateral in-toeing after the age of four and unilateral in-toeing after the age of seven should be monitored.
KW  - Foot progression angle
KW  - Children
KW  - In-toeing
KW  - Out-toeing
KW  - Gait
Y1  - 2018
UR  - https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/51878
SN  - 0966-6362
SN  - 1879-2219
VL  - 66
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  -