TY - JOUR A1 - Engelhard, Sonja A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Examples of the application of optical process and quality sensing (OPQS) to beer brewing and polyurethane foaming processes N2 - Optical methods play an important role in process analytical technologies (PAT). Four examples of optical process and quality sensing (OPQS) are presented, which are based on three important experimental techniques: near- infrared absorption, luminescence quenching, and a novel method, photon density wave (PDW) spectroscopy. These are used to evaluate four process and quality parameters related to beer brewing and polyurethane (PU) foaming processes: the ethanol content and the oxygen (O-2) content in beer, the biomass in a bioreactor, and the cellular structures of PU foam produced in a pilot production plant Y1 - 2006 UR - https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/31407 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100417 SN - 1618-2642 ER -