TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hempel, Hannes
A1  - Savenjie, Tom J.
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Neu, Jens
A1  - Failla, Michele
A1  - Paingad, Vaisakh C.
A1  - Kužel, Petr
A1  - Heilweil, Edwin J.
A1  - Spies, Jacob A.
A1  - Schleuning, Markus
A1  - Zhao, Jiashang
A1  - Friedrich, Dennis
A1  - Schwarzburg, Klaus
A1  - Siebbeles, Laurens D. A.
A1  - Dörflinger, Patrick
A1  - Dyakonov, Vladimir
A1  - Katoh, Ryuzi
A1  - Hong, Min Ji
A1  - Labram, John G.
A1  - Monti, Maurizio
A1  - Butler-Caddle, Edward
A1  - Lloyd-Hughes, James
A1  - Taheri, Mohammad M.
A1  - Baxter, Jason B.
A1  - Magnanelli, Timothy J.
A1  - Luo, Simon
A1  - Cardon, Joseph M.
A1  - Ardo, Shane
A1  - Unold, Thomas
T1  - Predicting solar cell performance from terahertz and microwave spectroscopy
T2  - Advanced energy materials
N2  - Mobilities and lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers are core properties of photovoltaic materials and can both be characterized by contactless terahertz or microwave measurements. Here, the expertise from fifteen laboratories is combined to quantitatively model the current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell from such measurements. To this end, the impact of measurement conditions, alternate interpretations, and experimental inter-laboratory variations are discussed using a (Cs,FA,MA)Pb(I,Br)(3) halide perovskite thin-film as a case study. At 1 sun equivalent excitation, neither transport nor recombination is significantly affected by exciton formation or trapping. Terahertz, microwave, and photoluminescence transients for the neat material yield consistent effective lifetimes implying a resistance-free JV-curve with a potential power conversion efficiency of 24.6 %. For grainsizes above approximate to 20 nm, intra-grain charge transport is characterized by terahertz sum mobilities of approximate to 32 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). Drift-diffusion simulations indicate that these intra-grain mobilities can slightly reduce the fill factor of perovskite solar cells to 0.82, in accordance with the best-realized devices in the literature. Beyond perovskites, this work can guide a highly predictive characterization of any emerging semiconductor for photovoltaic or photoelectrochemical energy conversion. A best practice for the interpretation of terahertz and microwave measurements on photovoltaic materials is presented.
KW  - lifetime
KW  - microwaves
KW  - mobility
KW  - solar cells
KW  - terahertz
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/64780
SN  - 1614-6832
SN  - 1614-6840
VL  - 12
IS  - 13
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  -