TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
T1  - Reasoning with conditionals: A test of formal models of four theories
JF  - Cognitive psychology
N2  - The four dominant theories of reasoning from conditionals are translated into formal models: The theory of mental models (Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Byrne, R. M. J. (2002). Conditionals: a theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678), the suppositional theory (Evans, J. S. B. T., & Over, D. E. (2004). If. Oxford: Oxford University Press), a dual-process variant of the model theory (Verschueren, N., Schaeken, W., & d'Ydewalle, G. (2005). A dual-process specification of causal conditional reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 11, 278-293), and the probabilistic theory (Oaksford, M., Chater, N., & Larkin, J. (2000). Probabilities and polarity biases in conditional inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 883-899). The first three theories are formalized as multinomial models. The models are applied to the frequencies of patterns of acceptance or rejection across the four basic inferences modus ponens, acceptance of the consequent, denial of the antecedent, and modus tollens. Model fits are assessed for two large data sets, one representing reasoning with abstract, basic conditionals, the other reflecting reasoning with pseudo-realistic causal and non-causal conditionals. The best account of the data was provided by a modified version of the mental-model theory, augmented by directionality, and by the dual-process model.
KW  - conditionals
KW  - reasoning
KW  - multinomial models
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.04.001
SN  - 0010-0285
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 238
EP  - 283
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meiser, Susanne
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Interpersonal Stress Generation-A Girl Problem?
BT  - The Role of Depressive Symptoms, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Gender in Early Adolescent Stress Generation
JF  - Journal of early adolescence
N2  - To provide further insight into stress generation patterns in boys and girls around puberty, this study investigated longitudinal reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and stress generation, the process by which individuals contribute to the occurrence of stress in interpersonal contexts (e.g., problematic social interactions) or in noninterpersonal contexts (e.g., achievement problems). A community sample of N = 924 German children and early adolescents (51.8% male) completed depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes measures at T1 and again 20 months later (T2). Stressful life events were reported at T2. Dysfunctional attitudes were unrelated to stress generation. Interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, dependent stress partially mediated the relationship between initial and later depressive symptoms, with girls being more likely to generate interpersonal stress in response to depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of interpersonal stress generation in the early development of depressive symptomatology, and in the gender difference in depression prevalence emerging around puberty.
KW  - stress generation
KW  - depression
KW  - dysfunctional attitudes
KW  - children and adolescents
KW  - gender differences
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431617725197
SN  - 0272-4316
SN  - 1552-5449
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 41
EP  - 66
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Sproesser, Gudrun
A1  - Zahn, Daniela
T1  - Fachgruppe Gesundheitspsychologie: Methoden sind wichtig, Inhalte aber genauso
T1  - Department of Health Psychology Methods are important, but Content is the same
T2  - Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000418
SN  - 0033-3042
SN  - 2190-6238
VL  - 69
IS  - 4
SP  - 340
EP  - 341
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ladwig, Simon
A1  - Zhou, Zien
A1  - Xu, Ying
A1  - Wang, Xia
A1  - Chow, Clara K.
A1  - Werheid, Katja
A1  - Hackett, Maree L.
T1  - Comparison of treatment rates of depression after stroke versus myocardial infarction
BT  - a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data
JF  - Psychosomatic medicine
N2  - Objective Depression after stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) is common but often assumed to be undertreated without reliable evidence being available. Thus, we aimed to determine treatment rates and investigate the application of guidelines in these conditions. Methods Databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched without language restriction from inception to June 30, 2017. Prospective observational studies with consecutive recruitment reporting any antidepressant treatment in adults with depression after stroke or MI were included. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates of treatment rates. Results Fifty-five studies reported 32 stroke cohorts (n = 8938; pooled frequency of depression = 34%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 29%-38%) and 17 MI cohorts (n = 10,767; pooled frequency of depression = 24%, 95% CI = 20%-28%). In 29 stroke cohorts, 24% (95% CI = 20%-27%) of 2280 depressed people used antidepressant medication. In 15 MI cohorts, 14% (95% CI = 8%-19%) of 2381 depressed people used antidepressant medication indicating a lower treatment rate than in stroke. Two studies reported use of psychosocial interventions, indicating that less than 10% of participants were treated. Conclusions Despite the high frequency of depression after stroke and MI and the existence of efficacious treatment strategies, people often remain untreated. Innovative strategies are needed to increase the use of effective antidepressive interventions in patients with cardiovascular disease.
KW  - depression
KW  - myocardial infarction
KW  - pharmacoepidemiology
KW  - stroke
KW  - treatment
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000632
SN  - 0033-3174
SN  - 1534-7796
VL  - 80
IS  - 8
SP  - 754
EP  - 763
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matuschek, Hannes
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - On the ambiguity of interaction and nonlinear main effects in a regime of dependent covariates
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - The analysis of large experimental datasets frequently reveals significant interactions that are difficult to interpret within the theoretical framework guiding the research. Some of these interactions actually arise from the presence of unspecified nonlinear main effects and statistically dependent covariates in the statistical model. Importantly, such nonlinear main effects may be compatible (or, at least, not incompatible) with the current theoretical framework. In the present literature, this issue has only been studied in terms of correlated (linearly dependent) covariates. Here we generalize to nonlinear main effects (i.e., main effects of arbitrary shape) and dependent covariates. We propose a novel nonparametric method to test for ambiguous interactions where present parametric methods fail. We illustrate the method with a set of simulations and with reanalyses (a) of effects of parental education on their children’s educational expectations and (b) of effects of word properties on fixation locations during reading of natural sentences, specifically of effects of length and morphological complexity of the word to be fixated next. The resolution of such ambiguities facilitates theoretical progress.
KW  - Interaction effects
KW  - Mixed models
KW  - Additive mixed models
KW  - Regression splines
KW  - Non-parametric curve estimation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0956-9
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
SP  - 1882
EP  - 1894
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Calvano, Claudia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Quality of life among parents seeking treatment for their child's functional abdominal pain
JF  - Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation
N2  - Purpose: Dealing with a child who suffers from functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a major challenge for the child's parents. However, little is known about the quality of life (QoL) of this group of parents. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of parental QoL among parents seeking treatment for their child's abdominal pain.

Methods: 133 parents of 7-13-year-old children diagnosed with FAP reported on their health-related QoL (HRQoL), as assessed by the SF-12, and on caregiver-related QoL, as assessed by two CHQ-PF50 scales (emotional impact, time impact). T tests were used to compare the parents' scores on these measures with reference scores. Subgroups which were at risk of impairment were defined by cut-off scores. Determinants of parental QoL were identified by hierarchical regression analyses.

Results: While the parents showed significantly poorer mental health compared to population-based reference samples (d = 0.33-0.58), their physical health did not differ. However, parents were severely strained with respect to the time impact and emotional impact of their child's health (d = 0.33-1.58). While 12.7-27.9% of the parents were at risk of poor HRQoL, 60.6-70.1% were highly strained due to the demands of their role as caregivers. Physical and mental health were best explained by parents' psychiatric symptoms, while parents' perception of their child's impairment additionally determined the high time and emotional impact.

Conclusions: Physical HRQoL is not impaired in the majority of parents seeking treatment for their child's functional abdominal pain. However, the time demands and worries due to the child's pain deserve specific attention. Psychosocial interventions for a child's FAP should include information provided to the parents about coping with time constraints and emotional impact. Further prospective studies are warranted.
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - Parents
KW  - SF-12
KW  - CHQ-PF50
KW  - Functional abdominal pain
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1916-2
SN  - 0962-9343
SN  - 1573-2649
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2570
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Send, T. S.
A1  - Gilles, M.
A1  - Codd, V.
A1  - Wolf, I. A. C.
A1  - Bardtke, S.
A1  - Streit, Fabian
A1  - Strohmaier, Jana
A1  - Frank, Josef
A1  - Schendel, D.
A1  - Sutterlin, M. W.
A1  - Denniff, M.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Samani, N. J.
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
T1  - Telomere length in newborns is related to maternal stress during pregnancy Response
T2  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
KW  - Predictive markers
KW  - Risk factors
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-018-0079-8
SN  - 0893-133X
SN  - 1740-634X
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
SP  - 2164
EP  - 2164
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry
JF  - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
N2  - Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants’ previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
KW  - maternal care
KW  - ADHD
KW  - ventral striatum
KW  - fMRI
KW  - resilience
KW  - aggression
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy087
SN  - 1749-5016
SN  - 1749-5024
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
SP  - 1191
EP  - 1201
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Philipp, Rebecca
A1  - Kriston, Levente
A1  - Lanio, Jana
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Härter, Martin
A1  - Moritz, Steffen
A1  - Meister, Ramona
T1  - Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis (METACOG)
JF  - Clinical psychology & psychotherapy
N2  - We evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders. We searched electronic databases and included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials comparing metacognitive interventions with other treatments in adults with mental disorders. Primary effectiveness and acceptability outcomes were symptom severity and dropout, respectively. We performed random-effects meta-analyses. We identified Metacognitive Training (MCTrain), Metacognitive Therapy (MCTherap), and Metacognition Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). We included 49 trials with 2,609 patients. In patients with schizophrenia, MCTrain was more effective than a psychological treatment (cognitive remediation, SMD = -0.39). It bordered significance when compared with standard or other psychological treatments. In a post hoc analysis, across all studies, the pooled effect was significant (SMD = -0.31). MCTrain was more effective than standard treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (SMD = -0.40). MCTherap was more effective than a waitlist in patients with depression (SMD = -2.80), posttraumatic stress disorder (SMD = -2.36), and psychological treatments (cognitive-behavioural) in patients with anxiety (SMD = -0.46). In patients with depression, MCTherap was not superior to psychological treatment (cognitive-behavioural). For MERIT, the database was too small to allow solid conclusions. Acceptability of metacognitive interventions among patients was high on average. Methodological quality was mostly unclear or moderate. Metacognitive interventions are likely to be effective in alleviating symptom severity in mental disorders. Although their add-on value against existing psychological interventions awaits to be established, potential advantages are their low threshold and economy.
KW  - mental disorders
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - metacognition
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - systematic review
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2345
SN  - 1063-3995
SN  - 1099-0879
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 227
EP  - 240
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lambrecht, Jennifer
A1  - Bogda, Katja
A1  - Koch, Helvi
A1  - Nottbusch, Guido
A1  - Spörer, Nadine
T1  - Längsschnittliche Effekte der häuslichen und institutionellen Lernumwelt auf den Wortschatz von Grundschulkindern – ein Vergleich
T1  - Comparing the effect of home and institutional learning environment on children’s vocabulary in primary school
JF  - Journal for educational research online - JERO
N2  - Es wird angenommen, dass für den frühen Kompetenzerwerb eines Kindes neben dem familiären Hintergrund und Merkmalen des Kindes die Lernumgebungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgte das Ziel, die Effekte der häuslichen und der institutionellen Lernumgebung von Kindergartenkindern auf den frühen Wortschatzerwerb zu vergleichen und notwendige Bedingungen für einen kompensatorischen Effekt der institutionellen Lernumgebung zu überprüfen. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten von N = 557 Kindergartenkindern aus dem deutschen Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS) wurde untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß der familiäre Hintergrund und die Merkmale eines Kindes die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung prädizieren und in welchem Ausmaß diese wiederum den Wortschatz in der Vorschule und in der ersten Klasse vorhersagen. Um zu überprüfen, ob die beiden Lernumgebungen einen jeweils eigenständigen Beitrag zur Prädiktion des Wortschatzes leisten, wurden nahezu identische Indikatoren zur Operationalisierung verwendet. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden die Effekte geschätzt. Die Studie zeigte, dass die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung eines Kindes kleine sowie voneinander abgrenzbare Effekte auf den Wortschatz hatten. Dabei war die häusliche Lernumwelt stärker mit dem familiären Hintergrund assoziiert, während die institutionelle Lernumgebung stärker durch Merkmale des Kindes selbst prädiziert wurde. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Diskussion kompensatorischer Effekte.
N2  - It is assumed that additionally to the family background and child  characteris-tics, the children’s learning environments  are  crucial for the acquisition of early  competencies.  This  study  aimed to compare  the eff ects of home and institutional  learning  environment on young children’s  vocabulary and to  test necessary  con-ditions for a potential compensatory eff  ect of the institutional  learning  environ-ment. Using longitudinal data from N = 557 preschool children (German National Educational  Panel  Study), we analysed to what  extent  family  background  and  children’s characteristics predicted home and institutional learning environments and to what  extent  these learning  environments predicted  vocabulary in pre-school and primary  school. In order to test if both  learning  environments  pre-dict  vocabulary  separately, we used almost identical  indicators  to  operationalize them.  The effects  were  estimated  within  a  structural equation model. The study  revealed  that  both,  home and institutional learning  environment,  had  small and separate eff ects on children’s  vocabulary.  The  home  learning  environment was more closely related to the family background, while the institutional learning en-vironment  was  more closely related to the  children’s  characteristics.  This evokes new possibilities to discuss compensatory effect.
KW  - Home learning environment
KW  - Institutional learning environment
KW  - Vocabulary
KW  - Compensatory effect
KW  - Institutionelle Lernumgebung
KW  - Häusliche Lernumgebung
KW  - Wortschatz
KW  - Kompensatorischer Effekt
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 1866-6671
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 86
EP  - 115
PB  - Waxmann
CY  - Münster
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kwiatkowska, Maria Magdalena
A1  - Julkowski, Tomasz
A1  - Rogoza, Radoslaw
A1  - Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
T1  - Narcissism and trust
BT  - Differential impact of agentic, antagonistic, and communal narcissism
JF  - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences
N2  - Previous research has shown that individuals high in narcissism mistrust others, yet little is known about narcissism's relation to trust. In the current study (N = 727), we aim to close this gap in the literature by examining the relationship between facets of trust (i.e., cognitive bias in the evaluation of others and personal trustworthiness) and facets of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic, antagonistic, and communal). We strive to answer the question whether narcissistic individuals believe that others are reliable, honest, and benevolent (how they perceive others) and whether they present themselves as trusting of others (how they perceive themselves). We posit and show that agentic narcissism is not related to any of the studied trust facets, suggesting that the concept of trust is not relevant to their self-image. In contrast, antagonistic narcissism is negatively related to perceiving others and oneself as trustful, and communal narcissism is positively related to these trust facets, purportedly due to communal self-enhancement. We discuss our findings of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept as well as to the Agency-Communion model of grandiose narcissism.
KW  - Grandiose narcissism
KW  - Trust
KW  - Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept
KW  - Agency-Communion model of narcissism
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.027
SN  - 0191-8869
VL  - 137
SP  - 139
EP  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schinköth, Michaela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - Automatic associations and the affective valuation of exercise
BT  - disentangling the type-1 process of the affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - The decision to exercise is not only bound to rational considerations but also automatic affective processes. The affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise (ART) proposes a theoretical framework for explaining how the automatic affective process (type‑1 process) will influence exercise behavior, i.e., through the automatic activation of exercise-related associations and a subsequent affective valuation of exercise. This study aimed to empirically test this assumption of the ART with data from 69 study participants. A single-measurement study, including within-subject experimental variation, was conducted. Automatic associations with exercise were first measured with a single-target implicit association test. The somato-affective core of the participants’ automatic valuation of exercise-related pictures was then assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and the affective valence of the valuation was tested with a facial expression (FE; smile and frown) task. Exercise behavior was assessed via self-report. Multiple regression (path) analysis revealed that automatic associations predicted HRV reactivity (β = −0.24, p = .044); the signs of the correlation between automatic associations and the smile FE score was in the expected direction but remained nonsignificant (β = −0.21, p = .078). HRV reactivity predicted self-reported exercise behavior (β = −0.28, p = .013) (the same pattern of results was achieved for the frown FE score). The HRV-related results illustrate the potential role of automatic negative affective reactions to the thought of exercise as a restraining force in exercise motivation. For better empirical distinction between the two ART type‑1 process components, automatic associations and the affective valuation should perhaps be measured separately in the future. The results support the notion that automatic and affective processes should be regarded as essential aspects of the motivation to exercise.
KW  - Heart rate variability
KW  - Facial expression
KW  - Somatic
KW  - Dual-process
KW  - Motivation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-020-00664-9
SN  - 2509-3150
SN  - 2509-3142
VL  - 50
IS  - 654
SP  - 366
EP  - 376
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lonsdorf, Tina B.
A1  - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren
A1  - Andreatta, Marta
A1  - Beckers, Tom
A1  - Chalkia, Anastasia
A1  - Gerlicher, Anna
A1  - Jentsch, Valerie L.
A1  - Drexler, Shira Meir
A1  - Mertens, Gaetan
A1  - Richter, Jan
A1  - Sjouwerman, Rachel
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Merz, Christian J.
T1  - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research
JF  - eLife
N2  - In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common – despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465
SN  - 2050-084X
VL  - 8
PB  - eLife Sciences Publications
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lonsdorf, Tina B.
A1  - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren
A1  - Andreatta, Marta
A1  - Beckers, Tom
A1  - Chalkia, Anastasia
A1  - Gerlicher, Anna Maria Veronika
A1  - Jentsch, Valerie L.
A1  - Drexler, Shira Meir
A1  - Mertens, Gaetan
A1  - Richter, Jan
A1  - Sjouwerman, Rachel
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Merz, Christian J.
T1  - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research
JF  - eLife
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465
SN  - 2050-084X
VL  - 8
PB  - eLife Sciences Publications
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Wang, Aiping
A1  - Song, Hosu
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Parafoveal processing of phonology and semantics during the reading of Korean sentences
JF  - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2  - The present study sets out to address two fundamental questions in the reading of continuous texts: Whether semantic and phonological information from upcoming words can be accessed during natural reading. In the present study we investigated parafoveal processing during the reading of Korean sentences, manipulating semantic and phonological information from parafoveal preview words. In addition to the first evidence for a semantic preview effect in Korean, we found that Korean readers have stronger and more long-lasting phonological than semantic activation from parafoveal words in second-pass reading. The present study provides an example that human mind can flexibly adjust processing priority to different types of information based on the linguistic environment.
KW  - Semantic
KW  - Phonological
KW  - Preview benefit
KW  - Korean
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104009
SN  - 0010-0277
SN  - 1873-7838
VL  - 193
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Wen-Dong
A1  - Li, Shuping
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Frese, Michael
T1  - Reciprocal Relationships Between Dispositional Optimism and Work Experiences: A Five-Wave Longitudinal Investigation
JF  - Journal of applied psychology
N2  - Previous research on dispositional optimism has predominantly concentrated on the selection effect of dispositional optimism on predicting work outcomes. Recent research, however, has started to examine the socialization effect of life experiences on fostering dispositional optimism development. Extrapolating primarily from the TESSERA framework of personality development (Wrzus & Roberts, 2017) and the literature on dispositional optimism, the current study represents a first attempt to reconcile the 2 seemingly contrasting perspectives. We proposed and examined change-related reciprocal relationships between dispositional optimism and work experience variables including income, job insecurity, coworker support. and supervisor support. Latent change score modeling of data from a five-wave longitudinal study demonstrated that dispositional optimism resulted in decreases in job insecurity, and the decreased job insecurity in turn promoted further increases in dispositional optimism later on. Furthermore, income gave rise to increases ill dispositional optimism at a later point in time. but not vice versa. No significant relationships were observed between dispositional optimism and coworker and supervisor support. The findings provide a cautionary note to the majority of previous research based on cross-sectional and lagged designs that assumes causal effects of dispositional optimism on work outcomes. They also showcase the importance of examining personality change in organizational research and enrich our understanding of a more nuanced dynamic interplay between the optimistic employee and the work environment.
KW  - optimism
KW  - work experience
KW  - career
KW  - personality change
KW  - reciprocal relationship
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000417
SN  - 0021-9010
SN  - 1939-1854
VL  - 104
IS  - 12
SP  - 1471
EP  - 1486
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holtzman, Nicholas S.
A1  - Tackman, Allison M.
A1  - Carey, Angela L.
A1  - Brucks, Melanie S.
A1  - Kuefner, Albrecht C. P.
A1  - Deters, Fenne Grosse
A1  - Back, Mitja D.
A1  - Donnellan, M. Brent
A1  - Pennebaker, James W.
A1  - Sherman, Ryne A.
A1  - Mehl, Matthias R.
T1  - Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples
JF  - Journal of Language and Social Psychology
N2  - Narcissism is unrelated to using first-person singular pronouns. Whether narcissism is linked to other language use remains unclear. We aimed to identify linguistic markers of narcissism. We applied the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to texts (k = 15; N = 4,941). The strongest positive correlates were using words related to sports, second-person pronouns, and swear words. The strongest negative correlates were using anxiety/fear words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes. Effects were small (each |r| < .10).
KW  - language
KW  - LIWC
KW  - narcissism
KW  - personality
KW  - text analysis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X19871084
SN  - 0261-927X
SN  - 1552-6526
VL  - 38
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 773
EP  - 786
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jap, Bernard A. J.
A1  - Borleffs, Elisabeth
A1  - Maassen, Ben A. M.
T1  - Towards identifying dyslexia in Standard Indonesian: the development of a reading assessment battery
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
KW  - Standard Indonesian
KW  - Dyslexia
KW  - Transparent orthography
KW  - Dyslexia assessment
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-017-9748-y
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 30
SP  - 1729
EP  - 1751
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ruzanska, Ulrike Alexandra
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 in a community sample
JF  - Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking
KW  - Intuitive eating scale
KW  - Healthy eating behavior
KW  - Psychometric properties
KW  - Disordered eating
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.018
SN  - 0195-6663
SN  - 1095-8304
VL  - 117
SP  - 126
EP  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Sahyazici-Knaak, Fidan
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Long-Term Associations of Justice Sensitivity, Rejection Sensitivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Depressive symptoms have been related to anxious rejection sensitivity, but little is known about relations with angry rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity. We measured rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and depressive symptoms in 1,665 9-to-21-year olds at two points of measurement. Participants with high T1 levels of depressive symptoms reported higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and higher justice sensitivity than controls at T1 and T2. T1 rejection, but not justice sensitivity predicted T2 depressive symptoms; high victim justice sensitivity, however, added to the stabilization of depressive symptoms. T1 depressive symptoms positively predicted T2 anxious and angry rejection and victim justice sensitivity. Hence, sensitivity toward negative social cues may be cause and consequence of depressive symptoms and requires consideration in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression.
KW  - justice sensitivity
KW  - rejection sensitivity
KW  - depressive symptoms
KW  - childhood
KW  - adolescence
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01446
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stober, Sebastian
T1  - Toward Studying Music Cognition with Information Retrieval Techniques: Lessons Learned from the OpenMIIR Initiative
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - As an emerging sub-field of music information retrieval (MIR), music imagery information retrieval (MIIR) aims to retrieve information from brain activity recorded during music cognition-such as listening to or imagining music pieces. This is a highly interdisciplinary endeavor that requires expertise in MIR as well as cognitive neuroscience and psychology. The OpenMIIR initiative strives to foster collaborations between these fields to advance the state of the art in MIIR. As a first step, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings ofmusic perception and imagination have beenmade publicly available, enabling MIR researchers to easily test and adapt their existing approaches for music analysis like fingerprinting, beat tracking or tempo estimation on this new kind of data. This paper reports on first results of MIIR experiments using these OpenMIIR datasets and points out how these findings could drive new research in cognitive neuroscience.
KW  - music cognition
KW  - music perception
KW  - music information retrieval
KW  - deep learning
KW  - representation learning
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01255
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grosche, Michael
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - Inklusion
JF  - Handwörterbuch Pädagogische Psychologie
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-621-28297-0
SP  - 260
EP  - 268
PB  - Beltz
CY  - Weinheim
ET  - 5. Aufl.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giest, Hartmut
A1  - Lompscher, Joachim
T1  - Lehrstrategien
JF  - Handwörterbuch pädagogische Psychologie
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-621-28297-0
SP  - 408
EP  - 416
PB  - Weinheim
CY  - Basel
ET  - 5., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunstein, Joachim C.
A1  - Spörer, Nadine
T1  - Selbstgesteuertes Lernen
JF  - Handwörterbuch pädagogische Psychologie
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-621-28297-0
SP  - 742
EP  - 749
PB  - Weinheim
CY  - Beltz
ET  - 5., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bogdanova, Oksana Yu
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Bogdanova, Elena L.
A1  - Soldatenkova, O. B.
T1  - Academic Achievement in Math and Foreign Language: Individual Characteristics and Gender Stereotypes
JF  - Sibirskiy psikholoicheskiy zurnal - Siberian of Journal psychology
N2  - The study aims to investigate the contribution of individual characteristics and gender stereotypes of secondary school pupils in academic achievement in math and foreign language. A sample of pupils reported in 6th and 7th grades (three waves) their self-perceived ability and motivation for math and foreign language learning, math and foreign language gender stereotypes, implicit theories of intelligence; academic achievement (grades) in math in foreign language is also included in the analysis. Regression analysis and Mann Whitney U Test demonstrated that self-perceived ability in math and incremental theory of intelligence are significant predictors for academic achievement in maths. Boys are characterised by higher level of self-perceived abilities and motivation for learning math. However, academic achievement of girls in maths and foreign languages are higher as compared to boys. Pupils learning two foreign languages demonstrate higher level of self-perceived abilities for motivation and learning math and less expressed gender stereotypes about success in learning math and foreign languages. Study findings can be used for designing educational programmes for mathematics and foreign languages, professional development and finding solutions for individualized approach in school education.
KW  - self-perceived ability
KW  - motivation
KW  - gender stereotype
KW  - implicit theory of intelligence
KW  - mathematics
KW  - foreign language
KW  - academic achievement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/73/11
SN  - 1726-7080
SN  - 2411-0809
IS  - 73
SP  - 176
EP  - 196
PB  - Tomsk state univ
CY  - Tomsk
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Anne
A1  - Weigelt, Sarah
T1  - Neuronale Prozesse in der Adoleszenz
JF  - Handbuch Jugend : psychologische Sichtweisen auf Veränderungen in der Adoleszenz
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-17-029859-0
SP  - 35
EP  - 52
PB  - Kohlhammer
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
T1  - Facets of narcissism and leadership: A tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?
JF  - Human resource management review
N2  - Research on narcissism continues to develop at a rapid pace. Yet, researchers from different disciplines are still divided over whether narcissists are good versus bad leaders. On the one hand, narcissists' bright qualities (e.g., charisma) are associated with positive outcomes at different levels of analysis from subordinates, to peers, and the organization as a whole. On the other hand, however, narcissists' dark qualities (e.g., entitlement) are associated with a number of counterproductive work behaviors, causing organizations to falter. The present article adds to and extends the traditional good-versus-bad debate about narcissistic leadership and pursues three goals: (a) to critically review the literature on narcissistic leaders and their behaviors in the workplace, (b) to provide tangible recommendations for how to best assess, select, and develop narcissistic leaders, and (c) to highlight future directions and ongoing challenges ahead in the field of narcissistic leadership.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Narcissistic leadership
KW  - Dark side
KW  - Personality
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.002
SN  - 1053-4822
SN  - 1873-7889
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malesza, Marta
T1  - The effects of potentially real and hypothetical rewards on effort discounting in a student sample
JF  - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences
N2  - The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the functional form of discounting of monetary rewards by physical effort in potentially real and hypothetical contexts. Individuals (N = 142) completed the assessments with hypothetical and potentially real effort discounting tasks, and their hypothetical or potentially real consequences. The data obtained from the experiment reported here suggest that hypothetical conditions yield patterns of discounting that mirror those for potentially real effort tasks and outcomes. However, this finding also leaves open the possibility that the degree of discounting may change together with the repeated exposure to the consequences of decisions, or the counterbalanced order of hypothetical and potentially real tasks.
KW  - Effort discounting
KW  - Hypothetical rewards
KW  - Potentially real rewards
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.030
SN  - 0191-8869
VL  - 151
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Chae, Woo Ri
A1  - Metz, Sophie
A1  - Weise, Jeanette
A1  - Nowacki, Jan
A1  - Piber, Dominique
A1  - Mueller, Sven C.
A1  - Wingenfeld, Katja
A1  - Otte, Christian
T1  - Effects of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activity on spatial learning and spatial memory performance in healthy young adults
T2  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.07.037
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 107
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Niemann-Mirmehdi, Mechthild
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Gellert, Paul
A1  - Nordheim, Johanna
T1  - Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia
JF  - Geropsych - The  Journal of gerontopsychology and geriatric psychiatry
N2  - To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.
KW  - dementia
KW  - perceived overprotection
KW  - perceived stress
KW  - depression
KW  - quality of life
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000207
SN  - 1662-9647
SN  - 1662-971X
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 125
EP  - 134
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Junga, Yvonne Marie
A1  - Witthöft, Michael
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Assessing therapist development: Reliability and validity of the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ-R)
JF  - Journal of clinical psychology
KW  - clinical supervision
KW  - exploratory structural equation modeling
KW  - psychotherapy training
KW  - Supervisee Levels Questionnaire
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22794
SN  - 0021-9762
SN  - 1097-4679
VL  - 75
IS  - 9
SP  - 1658
EP  - 1672
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulz, Anika D.
A1  - Schöllgen, Ina
A1  - Fay, Doris
T1  - The role of resources in the stressor–detachment model
JF  - International journal of stress management
N2  - A recent extension of the stressor-detachment model holds that the path running from job stressors via psychological detachment to impairment of well-being is moderated by both personal and job resources (Sonnentag & Fritz, 2015). The aim of the present study was to test this proposition by investigating the moderating role of one personal resource and one job resource (i.e., coworker social support and general self-efficacy, respectively) on the linkage between different job stressors (i.e., workload and role ambiguity), detachment, and well-being. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling using data from a representative survey of the German workforce (N = 3,937 employees, M-age = 46.5 years, 47.5% women). In agreement with previous findings, the results showed that psychological detachment mediated the negative effects of job stressors on well-being. Social support from coworkers buffered the mediation such that the conditional indirect effects of workload and role ambiguity on well-being via detachment were weaker at higher levels of support. General self-efficacy did not moderate the stressor-well-being linkage. These results imply that social support can be considered as a protective factor that helps employees maintain their well-being by alleviating the negative effects of job stressors on their ability to switch off mentally from work.
KW  - psychological detachment
KW  - resources
KW  - social support
KW  - self-efficacy
KW  - job stress
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000100
SN  - 1072-5245
SN  - 1573-3424
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 306
EP  - 314
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cortes-Garcia, Laura
A1  - Hoffmann, Svenja
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Senra, Carmen
T1  - Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating
BT  - a multiwave cross-lagged panel analysis
JF  - International Journal of eating disorders
N2  - Objective This prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population-based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating. Method A population-based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; M-age = 10.8 years) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders. Results Better attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross-lagged effects emerged. Discussion These findings highlight the differential and gender-specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent-child attachment relationships.
KW  - adolescents
KW  - attachment
KW  - cross-lagged panel analysis
KW  - disordered eating
KW  - gender
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23086
SN  - 0276-3478
SN  - 1098-108X
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
SP  - 924
EP  - 934
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoernig, Robin
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Weidenfeld, Andrea
T1  - Between reasoning
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - In two experiments we investigated three-term reasoning with spatial relational assertions using the preposition between as compared to projective prepositions (such as to the left of). For each kind of assertion we distinguish the referent expression (i.e., the grammatical subject) from the relatum expression (i.e., the internal argument of the preposition; e.g., [The hedgehog](referent)_(expression) is to the left of [the frog](relatum)_(expression); [the snake](referent)_(expression) is between [the donkey and the deer](relatum)_(expression)). Previous research has shown that integrating premises with projective prepositions is easier (a) when the relatum expression of the second premise denotes an element already given by the first premise (relatum = given), and (b) when the term denoting a given element precedes the term denoting a new element (given - new). Experiment 1 extended this finding to second premises with the preposition between. In Experiment 2, between figured in the first premise. In this case, participants built an initial preferred model already from the first premise, although such a premise is indeterminate with respect to the array that it describes. Since there is no need left for integrating the second premise, this premise is instead used to verify the initial model and to modify it when necessary. A further investigation of conclusion evaluation times showed that conclusions were evaluated faster when they first mentioned the element that was included most recently into the mental model of the premises. The use of premises with between permitted the separation of recency of model inclusion from recency of appearance of an element in a premise.
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210500416151
SN  - 1747-0218
VL  - 59
IS  - 10
SP  - 1805
EP  - 1825
PB  - SAGE Publishing
CY  - Thousand Oaks, CA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Posovszky, Carsten
A1  - Roesler, Vreni Helen
A1  - Becker, Sebastian
A1  - Iven, Enno
A1  - Hudert, Christian
A1  - Ebinger, Friedrich
A1  - Calvano, Claudia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Roles of Lactose and Fructose Malabsorption and Dietary Outcomes in Children Presenting with Chronic Abdominal Pain
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Intolerance to lactose or fructose is frequently diagnosed in children with chronic abdominal pain (CAP). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of discussion. A cohort of 253 patients, aged 7-12 years, presenting with unexplained CAP received standardized diagnostics. Additional diagnostic tests were performed based on their medical history and physical and laboratory investigations. Fructose and lactose hydrogen breath tests (H2BT) as well as empiric diagnostic elimination diets were performed in 135 patients reporting abdominal pain related to the consumption of lactose or fructose to evaluate carbohydrate intolerance as a potential cause of CAP. Carbohydrate malabsorption by H2BT was found in 55 (41%) out of 135 patients. An abnormal increase in H2BT was revealed in 30% (35/118) of patients after fructose consumption and in 18% (20/114) of patients after lactose administration. Forty-six percent (25/54) reported pain relief during a diagnostic elimination diet. In total, 17 patients had lactose malabsorption, 29 fructose malabsorption, and nine combined carbohydrate malabsorption. Carbohydrate intolerance as a cause of CAP was diagnosed at follow-up in only 18% (10/55) of patients with malabsorption after the elimination of the respective carbohydrate. Thus, carbohydrate malabsorption appears to be an incidental finding in children with functional abdominal pain disorders, rather than its cause. Therefore, testing of carbohydrate intolerance should only be considered in children with a strong clinical suspicion and with the goal to prevent long-term unnecessary dietary restrictions in children suffering from CAP.
KW  - chronic abdominal pain
KW  - children
KW  - fructose malabsorption
KW  - lactose intolerance
KW  - hydrogen breath test
KW  - functional abdominal pain disorders
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123063
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muschalla, Beate
A1  - Poguntke, Kim Joy
A1  - Linden, Michael
T1  - Assessment of Capacity Impairment in Patients with Mental Disorders by Routine Clinical Assessment and by Structured Assessment with the Mini-ICF-APP
JF  - Psychopathology
N2  - Background: Physicians and therapists are also consulted to give judgments on working ability. Ability to work cannot simply be derived from the patient’s symptom status but from the illness-related capacity impairments in relation to the work demands. A structured assessment of capacity impairments has been evaluated and applied internationally: the Mini-ICF-APP Social Functioning Scale. It is currently unclear whether a free-text clinical report (i.e., usual clinical practice: clinical exploration according to clinical standards, but without a standardized documentation form, instead a text is written) and a structured capacity assessment correspond to the overall work ability judgment, i.e., the decision whether a patient is “fit for work” or “unfit for work.” Objectives: This investigation assessed, for the first time, whether usual clinical judgment and the additional structured capacity rating support the work ability decision. Methods: A total of 100 medical reports from patients in a psychotherapy hospital were excerpted for psychopathological symptoms and capacity disorders using a checklist. Additionally, a structured assessment of capacity disorders was documented on the Mini-ICF-APP rating for all patients. Results: In the free-text clinical medical report, endurance, flexibility, and contacts to others were the things mainly reported as impaired. This was similar to the structured Mini-ICF-APP rating. However, other capacity impairments were also reported in the Mini-ICF-APP, i.e., adherence to rules and regulations, planning and structuring, assertiveness, and group integration. When the free-text clinical report and the structured Mini-ICF-APP rating were compared, there was a higher rate of stated impairments covering all capacity dimensions in the Mini-ICF-APP rating. Conclusions: The free-text report in the medical report shows the differences between patients who are fit for work and those who are not, and thus speak for the validity of work ability decisions. However, optimization is possible in terms of depth and differentiation of capacity impairment description by adhering to the standard set by the Mini-ICF-APP.
KW  - Mini-ICF-APP
KW  - Capacity
KW  - Disability
KW  - General practice
KW  - Mental disorder
KW  - Clinical judgment
KW  - Work ability
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000502123
SN  - 0254-4962
SN  - 1423-033X
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
SP  - 248
EP  - 255
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Sproesser, Gudrun
A1  - Lin, Jiaxi
A1  - Zahn, Daniela
T1  - Fachgruppe Gesundheitspsychologie
Approbation für psychologische Anwendungsfächer
T2  - Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 0033-3042
SN  - 2190-6238
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
SP  - 264
EP  - 265
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Paunov, Tatjana
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder
BT  - How suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?
JF  - BMC psychiatry
N2  - Background 
Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. 

Methods 
In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being.  

Results 
Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52).

Conclusions 
Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy.
KW  - Obsessive-compulsive disorder
KW  - Psychodiagnostics
KW  - Psychometric properties
KW  - Screening
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x
SN  - 1471-244X
VL  - 21
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph
T1  - Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity
JF  - International journal of conflict and violence
N2  - Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - BDSM
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3777
SN  - 1864-1385
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rezori, Roman Enzio von
A1  - Buchallik, Friederike
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions
JF  - Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health
N2  - Background
Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions.

Methods
A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA).

Results
EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 – 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status.

Conclusions
The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis.
KW  - Measure validation
KW  - Chronic conditions
KW  - Resilience
KW  - Coping skills and adjustment
KW  - Youth
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7
SN  - 1753-2000
VL  - 16
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Biomed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Ceglarek, Petra
A1  - Wulsch, Iris
A1  - Frenzel, Tom
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
T1  - Gesundheitsförderung in Brandenburger Kindertagesstätten : eine Bestandsaufnahme
N2  - Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eine frühzeitige Gesundheitsförderung wird als wesentliches Bestimmungsstück zur Prävention körperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen angesehen. Als ideales Setting für eine gezielte Gesundheitsförderung wird der Lebensraum Kita angesehen. Fragestellungen: Welche Aktivitäten zur Gesundheitsförderung gibt es bisher in den Brandenburger Kitas? Spielt hier die Bildungsnähe/-ferne der betreuten Kinder eine Rolle? In welchen Bereichen gibt es den größten Fort- und Weiterbildungsbedarf der Mitarbeiterinnen? Methode: Untersuchung einer Stichprobe von 269 Brandenburger Kitas mit insgesamt 21 653 betreuten Kindern. Erfassung struktureller Rahmenbedingungen, pädagogischer Konzepte, Aktivitäten zur Gesundheitsförderung, Partizipation und Fortbildungsbedarf. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich eine nachhaltige Umsetzung von Aktivitäten und große Kreativität. Dabei standen vor allem Angebote der Bereiche Bewegung und Ernährung im Zentrum. Psychosoziale Themen wurden seltener als Schwerpunkt benannt, wohingegen hierfür der größte Fortbildungbedarf (Ranking der Fortbildungsthemen: 1. Psychosoziale Entwicklung, 2. Psychische Probleme, 3. Stressbewältigung) vorlag.
KW  - Gesundheitsförderung
KW  - Kindertagesstätten
KW  - Bewegung
KW  - Ernährung
KW  - Psychosoziale Gesundheit
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13105
SN  - 978-3-939469-50-6
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabovsky, Milena
T1  - Change in a probabilistic representation of meaning can account for N400 effects on articles
BT  - a neural network model
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Increased N400 amplitudes on indefinite articles (a/an) incompatible with expected nouns have been initially taken as strong evidence for probabilistic pre-activation of phonological word forms, and recently been intensely debated because they have been difficult to replicate. Here, these effects are simulated using a neural network model of sentence comprehension that we previously used to simulate a broad range of empirical N400 effects. The model produces the effects when the cue validity of the articles concerning upcoming noun meaning in the learning environment is high, but fails to produce the effects when the cue validity of the articles is low due to adjectives presented between articles and nouns during training. These simulations provide insight into one of the factors potentially contributing to the small size of the effects in empirical studies and generate predictions for cross-linguistic differences in article induced N400 effects based on articles’ cue validity. The model accounts for article induced N400 effects without assuming pre-activation of word forms, and instead simulates these effects as the stimulus-induced change in a probabilistic representation of meaning corresponding to an implicit semantic prediction error.
KW  - N400
KW  - ERPs
KW  - prediction
KW  - neural networks
KW  - cue validity
KW  - meaning
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107466
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Simply too much
BT  - The extent to which weight bias internalization results in a higher risk of eating disorders and psychosocial problems
JF  - Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity
N2  - Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.
KW  - Weight bias internalization
KW  - Self-stigmatization
KW  - Children
KW  - ROC
KW  - Mental
KW  - health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z
SN  - 1590-1262
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 317
EP  - 324
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela
A1  - Morawietz, Marisa
A1  - Rinck, Mike
T1  - Evaluation of an approach-avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity
BT  - a randomized placebo-controlled prospective trial
JF  - European eating disorders review : the professional journal of the Eating Disorders Associatio
N2  - This study evaluated the efficacy of approach-avoidance training as an additional treatment for children and adolescents with obesity seeking inpatient treatment. Two hundred thirty-two participants (8-16years, 53.9% girls) were randomly assigned either to multisession approach-avoidance (IG) or to placebo training (CG). As outcomes, cognitive biases post intervention, body mass index, eating behaviour, food intake, self-regulation, and weight-related quality of life were assessed, also at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Modification of approach-avoidance bias was observed, but lacked in transfer over sessions and in generalization to attention and association bias. After 6months, the IG reported less problematic food consumption, higher self-regulation, and higher quality of life; effects did not persist until the 12-month follow-up; no significant interaction effects were observed regarding weight course. Despite there was no direct effect on weight course, approach-avoidance training seems to be associated with promising effects on important pillars for weight loss. Further research concerning clinical effectiveness is warranted.
KW  - approach-avoidance training
KW  - child
KW  - cognitive bias modification
KW  - intervention
KW  - obesity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2607
SN  - 1072-4133
SN  - 1099-0968
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 472
EP  - 482
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Think of the future in the right way
BT  - Processing time activates the motor system
T2  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 1612-4782
SN  - 1612-4790
VL  - 19
SP  - S46
EP  - S46
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kucian, Karin
A1  - Zuber, Isabelle
A1  - Kohn, Juliane
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - von Aster, Michael G.
T1  - Relation Between Mathematical Performance, Math Anxiety, and Affective Priming in Children With and Without Developmental Dyscalculia
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.
KW  - developmental dyscalculia
KW  - mathematics
KW  - affective priming
KW  - calculation
KW  - arithmetic
KW  - anxiety
KW  - gender
KW  - children
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00263
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gropalis, Maria
A1  - Bailer, Josef
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Witthöft, Michael
T1  - Optimierung von Expositionstherapie bei pathologischen Krankheitsängsten
T1  - Optimization of exposure therapy for pathological health anxiety
BT  - Theoretische Grundlagen und praktische Implikationen
BT  - Theoretical principles and practical implications
JF  - Psychotherapeut
N2  - Pathologische Krankheitsängste wurden bislang nach ICD und DSM primär als somatoforme Störung bzw. als somatische Belastungsstörung klassifiziert. Theoretische Erwägungen und empirische Befunde legen jedoch nahe, dass es sich bei pathologischen Krankheitsängsten eigentlich um eine Angststörung handelt. Innerhalb des vorliegenden Beitrags wird dafür argumentiert, dass Defizite in der aktuellen Behandlungspraxis und in der Wahrnehmung von Patienten mit Hypochondrie als „schwierige Patienten“ teilweise auf Unklarheit in der Nosologie sowie bezüglich der entscheidenden Mechanismen der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung zurückzuführen sind. Ausgehend von innovativen theoretischen Ansätzen zur Erklärung pathologischer Krankheitsängste werden Vorschläge für eine verbesserte therapeutische Praxis skizziert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf einem verstärken Einsatz expositionsbasierter Behandlungselemente, die sich am „Inhibitory-learning“-Ansatz orientieren und sich bei anderen Angststörungen bereits bewährt haben.
N2  - Up to now pathological health anxiety has been classified primarily as a somatoform disorder or a somatic symptom disorder in ICD and DSM. Theoretical and empirical evidence, however, suggest that pathological health anxiety basically represents an anxiety disorder. In this paper, it is argued that deficits in the treatment and perception of patients with pathological health anxiety as "difficult patients" are partly attributable to a lack of clarity in terms of nosology and with respect to central mechanisms of etiology and pathogenesis. Based on novel theoretical approaches for the explanation of pathological health anxiety, suggestions for an improved therapeutic practice are outlined. This approach focuses on a more intensive use of exposure-based treatment elements that are oriented to the inhibitory learning approach, which has already proven its effectiveness for other anxiety disorders.
KW  - Hypochondriasis
KW  - Anxiety disorders
KW  - Inhibition
KW  - Learning
KW  - Cognitive behavior therapy
KW  - Hypochondrie
KW  - Angststörungen
KW  - Inhibition
KW  - Lernen
KW  - Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-018-0285-1
SN  - 0935-6185
SN  - 1432-2080
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
SP  - 188
EP  - 193
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lautenbach, Franziska
A1  - Antoniewicz, Franziska
T1  - Ambivalent implicit attitudes towards inclusion in preservice PE teachers
BT  - the need for assessing both implicit and explicit attitudes towards inclusion
JF  - Teaching and Teacher Education
N2  - Explicit attitudes towards inclusion are increasingly investigated in (preservice) teachers. However, few studies examine implicit attitudes towards inclusion, despite the advantage of being less sensitive to social desirability. Since inclusion is a sensitive topic, we aimed to investigate implicit and explicit attitudes towards inclusion as well as interactions between these attitudes. Using the Single-Target Implicit Association Test, early semester preservice teachers exhibited ambivalent implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes. Implicit attitudes were negatively correlated with explicit attitudes. Methodological and contentual explanations for these findings are discussed and theory-based implications for university education are suggested.
KW  - ST-IAT
KW  - Inclusion
KW  - Physical education
KW  - Associate propositional evaluation model
KW  - Dual-process
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.01.003
SN  - 0742-051X
VL  - 72
SP  - 24
EP  - 32
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heyer, Vera
A1  - Kornishova, Dana
T1  - Semantic transparency affects morphological priming ... eventually
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Semantic transparency has been in the focus of psycholinguistic research for decades, with the controversy about the time course of the application of morpho-semantic information during the processing of morphologically complex words not yet resolved. This study reports two masked priming studies with English -ness and Russian -ost’ nominalisations, investigating how semantic transparency modulates native speakers’ morphological priming effects at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both languages, we found increased morphological priming for nominalisations at the transparent end of the scale (e.g. paleness – pale) in comparison to items at the opaque end of the scale (e.g. business – busy) but only at longer prime durations. The present findings are in line with models that posit an initial phase of morpho-orthographic (semantically blind) decomposition.
KW  - Semantic transparency
KW  - masked priming
KW  - derivation
KW  - morpho-orthographic versus morpho-semantic
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310915
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
SP  - 1112
EP  - 1124
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Farhy, Yael
A1  - Veríssimo, Joao Marques
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Universal and particular in morphological processing
BT  - evidence from Hebrew
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Do properties of individual languages shape the mechanisms by which they are processed? By virtue of their non-concatenative morphological structure, the recognition of complex words in Semitic languages has been argued to rely strongly on morphological information and on decomposition into root and pattern constituents. Here, we report results from a masked priming experiment in Hebrew in which we contrasted verb forms belonging to two morphological classes, Paal and Piel, which display similar properties, but crucially differ on whether they are extended to novel verbs. Verbs from the open-class Piel elicited familiar root priming effects, but verbs from the closed-class Paal did not. Our findings indicate that, similarly to other (e.g., Indo-European) languages, down-to-the-root decomposition in Hebrew does not apply to stems of non-productive verbal classes. We conclude that the Semitic word processor is less unique than previously thought: Although it operates on morphological units that are combined in a non-linear way, it engages the same universal mechanisms of storage and computation as those seen in other languages.
KW  - Language universals
KW  - morphology
KW  - priming
KW  - Semitic
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310917
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1133
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Miller, Kevin
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese
BT  - a developmental study
JF  - Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
N2  - BackgroundDisruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. MethodsWith eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. ResultsOn pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children. ConclusionsThe combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12111
SN  - 0141-0423
SN  - 1467-9817
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 370
EP  - 391
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McLoughlin, Grainne
A1  - Palmer, Jason
A1  - Makeig, Scott
A1  - Bigdely-Shamlo, Nima
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Brandeis, D.
T1  - EEG Source Imaging Indices of Cognitive Control Show Associations with Dopamine System Genes
JF  - Brain Topography
N2  - Cognitive or executive control is a critical mental ability, an important marker of mental illness, and among the most heritable of neurocognitive traits. Two candidate genes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DRD4, which both have a roles in the regulation of cortical dopamine, have been consistently associated with cognitive control. Here, we predicted that individuals with the COMT Met/Met allele would show improved response execution and inhibition as indexed by event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task, while individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat allele would show impaired brain activity. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to separate brain source processes contributing to high-density EEG scalp signals recorded during the task. As expected, individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism had reduced parietal P3 source and scalp responses to response (Go) compared to those without the 7-repeat. Contrary to our expectation, the COMT homozygous Met allele was associated with a smaller frontal P3 source and scalp response to response-inhibition (NoGo) stimuli, suggesting that while more dopamine in frontal cortical areas has advantages in some tasks, it may also compromise response inhibition function. An interaction effect emerged for P3 source responses to Go stimuli. These were reduced in those with both the 7-repeat DRD4 allele and either the COMT Val/Val or the Met/Met homozygous polymorphisms but not in those with the heterozygous Val/Met polymorphism. This epistatic interaction between DRD4 and COMT replicates findings that too little or too much dopamine impairs cognitive control. The anatomic and functional separated maximally independent cortical EEG sources proved more informative than scalp channel measures for genetic studies of brain function and thus better elucidate the complex mechanisms in psychiatric illness.
KW  - EEG
KW  - Genetics
KW  - DRD4
KW  - COMT
KW  - ICA
KW  - Measure projection
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-017-0601-z
SN  - 0896-0267
SN  - 1573-6792
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 392
EP  - 406
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malesza, Marta
A1  - Kaczmarek, Magdalena Claudia
T1  - Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity
JF  - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences
N2  - Correlations between the grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism with two self-report personality measures (i.e., BIS-11 and I-7) and two behavioral tasks (i.e., Stop-Signal Task and Delay-Discounting task) of impulsivity in 338 students were examined. As one of the first studies to apply a two-dimensional approach to narcissism (i.e. grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism) in different self-report and behavioral impulsivity measures, the present results have reported that both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism showed a significant positive correlations with the self-reported impulsivity. Moreover, the grandiose narcissism has shown significant associations with both behavioral tasks of impulsivity. Contrary, vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to the stop reaction time people high in vulnerable narcissism scored shorter stop reaction time values and, consequently, presented less impulsive responding.
KW  - Grandiose narcissism
KW  - Vulnerable narcissism
KW  - Self-report impulsivity
KW  - Behavioral impulsivity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.021
SN  - 0191-8869
VL  - 126
SP  - 61
EP  - 65
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
T1  - Is bad intent negligible?
BT  - Linking victim justice sensitivity, hostile attribution bias, and aggression
JF  - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals
N2  - The hostile attribution bias (HAB) is a well-established risk factor for aggression. It is considered part of the suspicious mindset that may cause highly victim-justice sensitive individuals to behave uncooperatively. Thus, links of victim justice sensitivity (JS) with negative behavior, such as aggression, may be better explained by HAB. The present study tested this hypothesis in N=279 German adolescents who rated their JS, HAB, and physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression. Victim JS predicted physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression when HAB was controlled. HAB only predicted physical and proactive aggression. There were no moderator effects. Injustice seems an important reason for aggression irrespective of whether or not it is intentionally caused, particularly among those high in victim JS. Thus, victim JS should be considered as a potential important risk factor for aggression and receive more attention by research on aggression and preventive efforts.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - aggression
KW  - hostile attribution bias
KW  - justice sensitivity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21764
SN  - 0096-140X
SN  - 1098-2337
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
SP  - 442
EP  - 450
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Schulz, Franziska
A1  - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane
A1  - Moraske, Svenja
A1  - Bondue, Rebecca
A1  - von Aster, Michael G.
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - 5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS
T1  - 5-year course of dyslexia
BT  - Stabilität, Geschlechtseffekte, Schriftsprachniveau und Schulerfolg
BT  - Persistence, sex effects, performance in reading and spelling, and school-related success
JF  - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
N2  - Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) über gut 5 Jahre unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das spätere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg überprüft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Schüler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn für das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erfüllt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist über einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe Störungspersistenz von knapp 70 % auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Schüler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zurück. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Schüler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was frühzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Dafür sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Prävalenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.
N2  - Objective: The study examines the 5-year course of children with dyslexia with regard to their sex. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of dyslexia on the performance in reading and spelling skills and school-related success. Method: A group of 995 6- to 16-year-olds were examined at the initial assessment. Part of the initial sample was then re-examined after 43 and 63 months. The diagnosis of dyslexia was based on the double discrepancy criterion using a standard deviation of 1.5. Though they had no intellectual deficits, the children showed a considerable discrepancy between their reading or writing abilities and (1) their nonverbal intelligence and (2) the mean of their grade norm. Results: Nearly 70 % of those examined had a persisting diagnosis of dyslexia over a period of 63 months. The 5-year course was not influenced by sex. Despite average intelligence, the performance in writing and spelling of children suffering from dyslexia was one standard deviation below a control group without dyslexia with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children suffering from intellectual deficits. Furthermore, the school-related success of the dyslexics was significantly lower than those of children with average intelligence. Dyslexics showed similar school-related success rates to children suffering from intellectual deficits. Conclusions: Dyslexia represents a considerable developmental risk. The adverse impact of dyslexia on school-related success supports the importance of early diagnostics and intervention. It also underlines the need for reliable and general accepted diagnostic criteria. It is important to define such criteria in light of the prevalence rates.
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - discrepancy criterion
KW  - persistence
KW  - course
KW  - school-related success
KW  - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung
KW  - Diskreptanzdefinition
KW  - Stabilität
KW  - Verlauf
KW  - Schulerfolg
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000535
SN  - 1422-4917
SN  - 1664-2880
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 122
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Göbel, Silke M.
A1  - McCrink, Koleen
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Observation of directional storybook reading influences young children’s counting direction
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - Even before formal schooling, children map numbers onto space in a directional manner. The origin of this preliterate spatial–numerical association is still debated. We investigated the role of enculturation for shaping the directionality of the association between numbers and space, focusing on counting behavior in 3- to 5-year-old preliterate children. Two studies provide evidence that, after observing reading from storybooks (left-to-right or right-to-left reading) children change their counting direction in line with the direction of observed reading. Just observing visuospatial directional movements had no such effect on counting direction. Complementarily, we document that book illustrations, prevalent in children’s cultures, exhibit directionality that conforms to the direction of a culture’s written language. We propose that shared book reading activates spatiotemporal representations of order in young children, which in turn affect their spatial representation of numbers.
KW  - Counting direction
KW  - Cross-cultural
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Reading
KW  - Spatial-numerical association
KW  - Preschool children
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.08.001
SN  - 0022-0965
SN  - 1096-0457
VL  - 166
SP  - 49
EP  - 66
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Yuefang
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Mimicking non-verbal emotional expressions and empathy development in simulated consultations
BT  - an experimental feasibility study
JF  - Patient education and counseling
N2  - Objective: To explore the feasibility of applying an experimental design to study the relationship between non-verbal emotions and empathy development in simulated consultations.
Method: In video-recorded simulated consultations, twenty clinicians were randomly allocated to either an experimental group (instructed to mimic non-verbal emotions of a simulated patient, SP) or a control group (no such instruction). Baseline empathy scores were obtained before consultation, relational empathy was rated by SP after consultation. Multilevel logistic regression modelled the probability of mimicry occurrence, controlling for baseline empathy and clinical experience. ANCOVA compared group differences on relational empathy and consultation smoothness.
Results: Instructed mimicry lasted longer than spontaneous mimicry. Mimicry was marginally related to improved relational empathy. SP felt being treated more like a whole person during consultations with spontaneous mimicry. Clinicians who displayed spontaneous mimicry felt consultations went more smoothly.
Conclusion: The experimental approach improved our understanding of how non-verbal emotional mimicry contributed to relational empathy development during consultations. Further work should ascertain the potential of instructed mimicry to enhance empathy development.
Practice implications: Understanding how non-verbal emotional mimicry impacts on patients’ perceived clinician empathy during consultations may inform training and intervention programme development.
KW  - Mimicry
KW  - Non-verbal emotion
KW  - Empathy
KW  - Experimental design
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.08.016
SN  - 0738-3991
VL  - 101
IS  - 2
SP  - 304
EP  - 309
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Svenja
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Patterns of body image concerns in adolescence and early adulthood
BT  - a latent profile analysis
JF  - Eating Behaviors
N2  - The present study aimed at identifying latent profiles of body image concerns in adolescents and young adults. Subsequently, associations between these profiles and potentially harmful behaviors are examined. Self-report data of 758 male and female adolescents, aged 14 to 22 years, were analyzed. Participants provided demographic and anthropometric data and completed surveys on weight/shape and muscularity concern as well as on disturbed eating behaviors and dysfunctional exercise. Latent profile analyses of weight/shape concern and muscularity concern were performed separately for each gender. The analyses indicated three-class solutions in men and women. In both genders, the inconspicuous class, characterized by small amounts of weight/shape and muscularity concerns, was the largest one (86% in men, 68% in women). Whereas 10% of the men and 23% of the women were assigned to the borderline class, 4% of the men and 8% of the women formed the conspicuous class (marked weight/shape and muscularity concerns). Between genders, the degrees of muscularity concern differed in the borderline and inconspicuous classes, while the degrees of weight/shape concern differed in the inconspicuous class only. The comparable degrees of weight/shape and muscularity concerns in men and women in the affected classes underline the relevance of both aspects in both genders. Classes could be distinguished by harmful behaviors, like restrained eating or emotional exercise, proving the clinical significance of body image concerns.
KW  - Weight concern
KW  - Shape concern
KW  - Muscularity concern
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Young adult
KW  - Latent profile analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.02.002
SN  - 1471-0153
SN  - 1873-7358
VL  - 29
SP  - 28
EP  - 34
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Moraske, Svenja
T1  - Prävention von Umschriebenen Entwicklungsstörungen schulischer Fertigkeiten bei Risikokindern im Vorschulalter
BT  - langfristige Trainingseffekte auf den Schriftsprachenerwerb und auf die Rechenleistung bis in die 3. Klasse
Y1  - 2020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Beeinträchtigter Start ins Leben
T1  - Impaired Start into Life
BT  - Langfristige Auswirkungen der postpartalen Depression und der Einfluss des mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens
BT  - Long-Term Effects of Postpartum Depression and the Role of Maternal Interactional Behavior
JF  - Kindheit und Entwicklung
N2  - Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
N2  - Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health problem with prevalence rates ranging from 13% to 19%, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse child development. PPD is characterized by symptoms common of depression, particularly by impairments of maternity, parenting, and mother-infant interactions. Several reviews suggest an impact on attachment, cognitive, behavioral, and health-related outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of PPD regarding cognitive and mental development into adulthood and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of maternal interactional behavior, are not yet well understood. In the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, maternal depression was assessed when the child was 3 months and 2 years old. Development from infancy to young adulthood (25 years) was assessed at regular intervals in 28 children of postnatally depressed mothers and 107 children born to mentally healthy mothers. Cognitive outcome up to age 11 was measured using standardized instruments; in adulthood, school outcome was used approximately. Psychiatric diagnosis as well as symptom scores served as psychological outcome. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and a playing situation. Videotapes of the 10-min session were recorded and evaluated by trained raters (kappa > .83) using the Category System for Microanalysis of Early Mother Child Interaction (Esser, Scheven, et al., 1989). The cognitive as well as social-emotional outcome of children of mothers suffering from PPD was significantly poorer than in the children of mentally healthy mothers. The adverse effects were more pronounced during childhood. The offspring of postnatally depressed mothers who interacted in a responsive manner with their infant exhibited a better prognosis in contrast to those with mothers interacting less sensitively. This effect was observed with regard to cognitive development and symptoms of externalizing behavior at age 19 years. Regarding internalizing behavior, no impact of maternal behavior was detected. These findings emphasize the importance of high-quality early mother-child interaction in the development of children at risk. Furthermore, convincing arguments are given for very early specialized treatment of impaired mother-child interactions in mothers suffering from PPD. The PPD treatment should always comprise treatment of depression as well as treatment of the disturbed mother-child interaction.
KW  - postpartum depression
KW  - development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - mother-child interaction
KW  - Postpartale+Depression
KW  - Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer+Risikokinderstudie
KW  - Mutter-Kind-Interaktion
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000234
SN  - 0942-5403
SN  - 2190-6246
VL  - 26
SP  - 210
EP  - 220
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Frühgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg
T1  - Long-term consequences of preterm birth on cognitive development and academic achievement
BT  - Gibt es einen protektiven Effekt mütterlicher Responsivität?
BT  - Is there a protective effect of maternal responsiveness?
JF  - Kindheit und Entwicklung
N2  - In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen früher Responsivität der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer früh- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde dafür die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 frühgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 frühgeboren) zusätzlich der höchste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Frühgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem für mögliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Früh-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlicher Responsivität und IQ. Für die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen höheren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Frühgeburtlichkeit noch von mütterlicher Responsivität.
N2  - Preterm birth is associated with adverse long-term consequences regarding cognitive development. Whereas children born very preterm represent a subgroup at special risk, so-called late preterms are also affected to a lesser degree. Effects of prematurity can be observed until adulthood. For example, decreased wealth was reported in adults born preterm, which was mediated by decreased intelligence during childhood and lower educational qualifications during young adulthood. Hence, it is highly relevant to examine whether certain factors can buffer against the adverse effects of preterm birth on cognitive development. Parenting might play an important role here. There is evidence suggesting a protective effect of sensitive parenting during childhood on later cognitive outcome in preterms. In the current study, we examined whether early responsive maternal care was associated with later intelligence and academic achievement in children born preterm versus full term. As part of an ongoing cohort study, early maternal responsiveness was assessed at the child’s age of 3 months (adjusted for gestational age) during a nursing and playing situation. At age 11 years, general intelligence (IQ) was determined in n = 351 children (101 born preterm; 168 male). Until age 25 years, educational qualification was assessed in n = 313 participants (85 born preterm; 145 male). IQ at age 11 was significantly lower in preterms compared with full-term subjects after adjusting for potential confounders like maternal educational background and early psychosocial risk. A significant interaction between preterm birth and early maternal responsiveness was detected. In preterms only, higher levels of early maternal responsiveness were significantly associated with higher child IQ. Lower IQs in children born preterm as compared with those born full term were observed in the subaverage-to-average range of maternal responsiveness. Interestingly, preterms exposed to very high levels of maternal responsiveness showed slightly higher IQs when compared with children born at term. With regard to academic achievement, neither a significant effect of preterm birth nor of early maternal responsiveness occurred after adjusting for potential confounders. The results of the current study replicate and extend earlier findings with regard to a protective effect of sensitive parenting on childhood cognitive outcome in preterms. The lacking impact of prematurity on academic achievement may be explained by the exclusion of participants with IQs outside the normal range in the current study. Interventions enhancing early responsive care in parents of preterms may be advisable. More studies on long-term outcomes of such interventions on cognitive development are encouraged.
KW  - preterm birth
KW  - parental quality
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - Frühgeburt
KW  - Elternverhalten
KW  - kognitive Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000235
SN  - 0942-5403
SN  - 2190-6246
VL  - 26
SP  - 221
EP  - 229
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Torrance, Mark
A1  - Nottbusch, Guido
A1  - Alves, Rui A.
A1  - Arfe, Barbara
A1  - Chanquoy, Lucile
A1  - Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny
A1  - Dimakos, Ioannis
A1  - Fidalgo, Raquel
A1  - Hyona, Jukka
A1  - Johannesson, Omar I.
A1  - Madjarov, George
A1  - Pauly, Dennis Nikolas
A1  - Uppstad, Per Henning
A1  - van Waes, Luuk
A1  - Vernon, Michael
A1  - Wengelin, Asa
T1  - Timed written picture naming in 14 European languages
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion & Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217-236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output.
KW  - Written production
KW  - Response time
KW  - Interkey interval
KW  - Picture naming
KW  - Word production
KW  - Language production
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0902-x
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 744
EP  - 758
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritz, Annemarie
A1  - Ehlert, Antje
A1  - Leutner, Detlev
T1  - Arithmetische Konzepte aus kognitiv-entwicklungspsychologischer Sicht
T1  - Artihmetic Concepts From a Cognitive Developmental-psychology Perspective
JF  - Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik
N2  - The acquisition of basic arithmetic concepts of children at pre-school and primary-school age (about 4 to 8 years of age) can be described by a cognitive developmental model with 6 levels: (1) count number, (2) mental number line, (3) cardinality and decomposability, (4) class inclusion and embeddedness, (5) relationality, and (6) units in numbers (bundling and unbundling). In this paper, 3 studies for longitudinally testing the model are presented. In Studies 1 (N = 26; heterogeneous age) and 2 (N = 62; homogeneous age) it shows that the individual development of arithmetic concepts across 18 months (Study 1:4 points of measurement) respectively 17 months (Study 2:3 points of measurement before, at, and after entering primary school) follows the levels of the model. In Study 3 (N = 243) it shows that the acquisition of curricular mathematical competencies at the end of Grade 2 is better predicted by conceptual arithmetic understanding at the end of Grade 1 than by intelligence. The results substantiate the validity of the model und confirm the relevance of basic arithmetic concepts for mathematical learning at school with respective consequences for the remedial training of children with math learning difficulties and dyscalculia.
KW  - Arithmetic
KW  - Development of concepts
KW  - Developmental model
KW  - Acquisition of arithmetical concepts
KW  - Mathematic in the primary school
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-018-0131-6
SN  - 0173-5322
SN  - 1869-2699
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 7
EP  - 41
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Ekkekakis, Panteleimon
T1  - Affective-Reflective Theory of physical inactivity and exercise
T1  - Die Affective-Reflective Theory zur Erklärung von körperlicher Inaktivität und Sporttreiben
BT  - Foundations and preliminary evidence
BT  - Grundlagen und erste Studienergebnisse
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - This article introduces a new theory, the Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective-reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form.
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implicit
KW  - Explicit
KW  - Dual system
KW  - Self-control
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implizit
KW  - Explizit
KW  - Zwei-System-Theorien
KW  - Selbstkontrolle
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9
SN  - 2509-3142
SN  - 2509-3150
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vater, Aline
A1  - Moritz, Steffen
A1  - Roepke, Stefan
T1  - Does a narcissism epidemic exist in modern western societies?
BT  - Comparing narcissism and self-esteem in East and West Germany
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Narcissism scores are higher in individualistic cultures compared with more collectivistic cultures. However, the impact of sociocultural factors on narcissism and self-esteem has not been well described. Germany was formerly divided into two different social systems, each with distinct economic, political and national cultures, and was reunified in 1989/90. Between 1949 and 1989/90, West Germany had an individualistic culture, whereas East Germany had a more collectivistic culture. The German reunification provides an exceptional opportunity to investigate the impact of sociocultural and generational differences on narcissism and self-esteem. In this study, we used an anonymous online survey to assess grandiose narcissism with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) to assess grandiose and vulnerable aspects of narcissism, and self-esteem with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) in 1,025 German individuals. Data were analyzed according to age and place of birth. Our results showed that grandiose narcissism was higher and self-esteem was lower in individuals who grew up in former West Germany compared with former East Germany. Further analyses indicated no significant differences in grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism or self-esteem in individuals that entered school after the German reunification (≤ 5 years of age in 1989). In the middle age cohort (6–18 years of age in 1989), significant differences in vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism and self-esteem were observed. In the oldest age cohort (> 19 years of age in 1989), significant differences were only found in one of the two scales assessing grandiose narcissism (NPI). Our data provides empirical evidence that sociocultural factors are associated with differences in narcissism and self-esteem.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188287
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - Public Library of Science
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin
A1  - Gilles, Maria
A1  - Peus, Verena
A1  - Scharnholz, Barbara
A1  - Seibert, Julia
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Krumm, Bertram
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Impact of prenatal stress on mother-infant dyadic behavior during the still-face paradigm
JF  - Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation : the official journal of the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEA.BPD) and Dachverband Dialektisch Behaviorale Therapie (DDBT)
N2  - Background:
Mother-infant interaction provides important training for the infant’s ability to cope with stress and the development of resilience. Prenatal stress (PS) and its impact on the offspring’s development have long been a focus of stress research, with studies highlighting both harmful and beneficial effects. The aim of the current study was to examine the possible influence of both psychological stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity during pregnancy with mother-child dyadic behavior following stress exposure.
Methods:
The behavior of 164 mother-infant dyads during the still-face situation was filmed at six months postpartum and coded into three dyadic patterns: 1) both positive, 2) infant protesting-mother positive, and 3) infant protesting-mother negative. PS exposure was assessed prenatally according to psychological measures (i.e., psychopathological, perceived and psychosocial PS; n = 164) and HPA axis activity measures (maternal salivary cortisol, i.e., cortisol decline and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg); n = 134).
Results:
Mother-infant dyads in both the high- and low-stress groups showed decreasing positive and increasing negative dyadic behavior in the reunion episode, which is associated with the well-known “still-face” and “carry-over” effect. Furthermore, mother-infant dyads with higher psychosocial PS exhibited significantly more positive dyadic behavior than the low psychosocial PS group in the first play episode, but not in the reunion episode. Similarly, mother-infant dyads with high HPA axis activity (i.e. high AUCg) but steeper diurnal cortisol decline (i.e. cortisol decline) displayed significantly less negative behavior in the reunion episode than dyads with low HPA axis activity. No significant results were found for psychopathological stress and perceived stress.
Conclusions:
The results suggest a beneficial effect of higher psychosocial PS and higher prenatal maternal HPA axis activity in late gestation, which is in line with “stress inoculation” theories.
KW  - Prenatal stress
KW  - Face-to-face still-face paradigm
KW  - Resilience
KW  - Psychosocial stress
KW  - Cortisol
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-018-0078-8
SN  - 2051-6673
VL  - 5
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Reike, Dennis
T1  - Regression away from the mean
BT  - theory and examples
JF  - British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society
N2  - Using a standard repeated measures model with arbitrary true score distribution and normal error variables, we present some fundamental closed-form results which explicitly indicate the conditions under which regression effects towards (RTM) and away from the mean are expected. Specifically, we show that for skewed and bimodal distributions many or even most cases will show a regression effect that is in expectation away from the mean, or that is not just towards but actually beyond the mean. We illustrate our results in quantitative detail with typical examples from experimental and biometric applications, which exhibit a clear regression away from the mean (‘egression from the mean’) signature. We aim not to repeal cautionary advice against potential RTM effects, but to present a balanced view of regression effects, based on a clear identification of the conditions governing the form that regression effects take in repeated measures designs.
KW  - bimodality
KW  - measurement error
KW  - non-normality
KW  - regression towards the mean
KW  - repeated measures
KW  - skewed distributions
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12106
SN  - 0007-1102
SN  - 2044-8317
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 186
EP  - 203
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Morawietz, Marisa
A1  - Rinck, Mike
T1  - Battle of plates
BT  - a pilot study of an approach-avoidance training for overweight children and adolescents
JF  - Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society
N2  - Objective: Approach-avoidance training (AAT) is a promising approach in obesity treatment. The present study examines whether an AAT is feasible and able to influence approach tendencies in children and adolescents, comparing implicit and explicit training approaches. Design/Setting/Subjects: Fifty-nine overweight children and adolescents (aged 8-16 years; twenty-six boys) participated in an AAT for food cues, learning to reject snack items and approach vegetable items. Reaction times in the AAT and an implicit association rest (IAT) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: A significant increase in the AAT compatibility scores with a large effect (eta(2) = 0.18) was found. No differences between the implicit and explicit training approaches and no change in the IAT scores were observed. Conclusions: Automatic tendencies in children can be trained, too. The implementation of AAT in the treatment of obesity might support the modification of an unhealthy nutrition behaviour pattern. Further data from randomized controlled clinical trials are needed.
KW  - Approach-avoidance
KW  - Intervention
KW  - Child
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Feasibility study
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017002701
SN  - 1368-9800
SN  - 1475-2727
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 426
EP  - 434
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
T1  - Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung
T1  - Resilience and Resources During Development
BT  - Von der frühen Kindheit bis zum Erwachsenenalter
BT  - From Early Childhood to Adulthood
JF  - Kindheit und Entwicklung
N2  - Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen beschäftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines familiären Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen können. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven frühen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese schützen Risikokinder davor, eine ungünstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ungünstiger „Startbedingungen“ positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen ermöglichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumständen (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverhältnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
N2  - Resilience refers to the ability to successfully deal with stressful life circumstances and experiences and to cope with them. Based on data from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, which follows a sample of children at risk from birth to adulthood, the present paper provides convincing evidence demonstrating how protective factors in the child and his/her family environment operate during the course of development to contribute to the development of resilience. As shown, a major role is assigned to positive early parent–child relationships (both mother– and father–child interactions). Moreover, positive interactive experiences at the child’s age of 2 years play a significant role. These experiences consistently contribute to a positive child development in the face of adversity. In addition to characteristics of the social environment of the child, cognitive, social–emotional, and internal competencies during childhood, youth, and young adulthood play a major role in the development of resilience. These competencies enable children at risk who are growing up in psychosocial high-risk families or in poverty to successfully cope with conditions of high adversity. Moreover, the findings presented here demonstrate that resilience may be conceived as a personal characteristic that exhibits high stability since young adulthood. With these findings, the present study points to the significance of resilience in predicting the long-term outcome of children at risk.
KW  - protective factors
KW  - risk factors
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - early parent-child relationship
KW  - Schutzfaktoren
KW  - Risikofaktoren
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
KW  - frühe Eltern-Kind-Beziehung
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000236
SN  - 0942-5403
SN  - 2190-6246
VL  - 26
SP  - 230
EP  - 239
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Frank, Josef
A1  - Gilles, Maria
A1  - Lang, Maren
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Streit, Fabian
A1  - Wolf, Isabell A. C.
A1  - Peus, Verena
A1  - Scharnholz, Barbara
A1  - Send, Tabea S.
A1  - Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie
A1  - Sivalingam, Sugirthan
A1  - Dukal, Helene
A1  - Strohmaier, Jana
A1  - Sütterlin, Marc
A1  - Arloth, Janine
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Nöthen, Markus M.
A1  - Deuschle, Michael
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
T1  - Impact on birth weight of maternal smoking throughout pregnancy mediated by DNA methylation
JF  - BMC genomics
N2  - Background: Cigarette smoking has severe adverse health consequences in adults and in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. One of the most widely reported effects of smoking during pregnancy is reduced birth weight which is in turn associated with chronic disease in adulthood. Epigenome-wide association studies have revealed that smokers show a characteristic "smoking methylation pattern", and recent authors have proposed that DNA methylation mediates the impact of maternal smoking on birth weight. The aims of the present study were to replicate previous reports that methylation mediates the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight, and for the first time to investigate whether the observed mediation effects are sex-specific in order to account for known sex-specific differences in methylation levels. Methods: Methylation levels in the cord blood of 313 newborns were determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K Beadchip. A total of 5,527 CpG sites selected on the basis of evidence from the literature were tested. To determine whether the observed association between maternal smoking and birth weight was attributable to methylation, mediation analyses were performed for significant CpG sites. Separate analyses were then performed in males and females. Results: Following quality control, 282 newborns eventually remained in the analysis. A total of 25 mothers had smoked consistently throughout the pregnancy. The birthweigt of newborns whose mothers had smoked throughout pregnancy was reduced by >200g. After correction for multiple testing, 30 CpGs showed differential methylation in the maternal smoking subgroup including top "smoking methylation pattern" genes AHRR, MYO1G, GFI1, CYP1A1, and CNTNAP2. The effect of maternal smoking on birth weight was partly mediated by the methylation of cg25325512 (PIM1); cg25949550 (CNTNAP2); and cg08699196 (ITGB7). Sex-specific analyses revealed a mediating effect for cg25949550 (CNTNAP2) in male newborns. Conclusion: The present data replicate previous findings that methylation can mediate the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight. The analysis of sex-dependent mediation effects suggests that the sex of the newborn may have an influence. Larger studies are warranted to investigate the role of both the identified differentially methylated loci and the sex of the newborn in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth weight.
KW  - DNA methylation
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Mediation analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4652-7
SN  - 1471-2164
VL  - 19
PB  - BMC
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hennig, Timo
A1  - Schramm, Satyam Antonio
A1  - Linderkamp, Friedrich
T1  - Cross-informant disagreement on behavioral symptoms in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its impact on treatment effects
JF  - European Journal of Psychological Assessment
N2  - In assessing adolescent behavior difficulties, parents, teachers, and the adolescents themselves are key informants. However, substantial disagreement has been found between informants. Specifically, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to overestimate their competencies, also known as "positive (illusionary) bias." This study compared parent, teacher, and adolescent ratings of ADHD and other behavioral symptoms in a sample of 114 adolescents with ADHD. Further, the effect of cross-informant disagreement (CID) on treatment outcomes was investigated in a subsample of 54 adolescents who had undergone a training and coaching intervention. Overall, there was moderate agreement among informants. Parent and adolescent ratings were more strongly correlated with each other than with teacher ratings. The strongest discrepancy was found between teacher and adolescent ratings on prosocial behavior. This discrepancy explained 12% of the variance in parent-rated ADHD symptom severity after the intervention. The treatment was less effective in participants with high teacher-adolescent disagreement on prosocial behavior (d = 0.41) than with low disagreement (d = 0.98). These findings suggest that professionals working with adolescents with ADHD should consider multiple sources of information before initiating treatment and pay attention to cross-informant disagreements because these may indicate a risk of diminished treatment effects.
KW  - informant discrepancies
KW  - inter-rater reliability
KW  - positive illusionary bias
KW  - response to treatment
KW  - ADHD
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000446
SN  - 1015-5759
SN  - 2151-2426
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 79
EP  - 86
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miller, Jeff
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - Implications of Individual Differences in On-Average Null Effects
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : General
N2  - Most psychological models are intended to describe processes that operate within each individual. In many research areas, however, models are tested by looking at results averaged across many individuals, despite the fact that such averaged results may give a misleading picture of what is true for each one. We consider this conundrum with respect to the interpretation of on-average null effects. Specifically, even though an experimental manipulation might have no effect on average across individuals, it might still have demonstrable effects-albeit in opposite directions-for many or all of the individuals tested. We discuss several examples of research questions for which it would be theoretically crucial to determine whether manipulations really have no effect at the individual level, and we present a method of testing for individual-level effects.
KW  - null effects
KW  - individual differences
KW  - hypothesis testing
KW  - psychological models
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000367
SN  - 0096-3445
SN  - 1939-2222
VL  - 147
IS  - 3
SP  - 377
EP  - 397
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malesza, Marta
T1  - Grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in prisoner's dilemma game
JF  - Personality and individual differences
N2  - The aim of this article is to investigate the role of the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the economic game. One widely employed paradigm in this field of experimental economic games is the prisoner's dilemma-used to examine competitive versus cooperative behaviour. In the present study a prisoner's dilemma game was administrated to individuals (N = 320), along with measures of grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity. Specifically, our results show that vulnerable narcissism has a significant positive effect on defecting behaviors, while grandiose narcissism has a significant positive effect on cooperation in the initial round. However, while the game proceeded, grandiose narcissism started to have a positive effect on defecting behaviors too. This suggests that grandiose narcissists have, at least initially, positive qualities to them which can make them popular, but in the long run they lose their positive reputation and their likeability and willingness to cooperate decrease.
KW  - grandiose narcissism
KW  - vulnerable narcissism
KW  - prisoner's dilemma game
KW  - experimental economics
KW  - impulsivity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109841
SN  - 0191-8869
SN  - 1873-3549
VL  - 158
PB  - Pergamon Press; Elsevier Science
CY  - Oxford, Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soemer, Alexander
A1  - Saito, Satoru
T1  - Domain-specific processing in short-term serial order memory
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - Recent studies of short-term serial order memory have suggested that the maintenance of order information does not involve domain-specific processes. We carried out two dual task experiments aimed at resolving several ambiguities in those studies. In our experiments, encoding and response of one serial reconstruction task was embedded within encoding and response of a concurrent serial reconstruction task. Order demands in both tasks were independently varied so as to find revealing patterns of interference between the two tasks. In Experiment 1, participants were to maintain and reconstruct the order of a list of verbal materials, while maintaining a list of spatial materials or vice-versa. Increasing the order demands in the outer reconstruction task resulted in small or non reliable performance decrements in the embedded reconstruction task. Experiment 2 sought to compare these results against two same-domain baseline conditions (two verbal lists or two spatial lists). In all conditions, increasing order demands in the outer task resulted in small or non-reliable performance decrements in the embedded task. However, performance in the embedded tasks was generally lower in the same-domain baseline conditions than in the cross-domain conditions. We argue that the main effect of domain in Experiment 2 indicates the contribution of domain-specific processes to short-term serial order maintenance. In addition, we interpret the failure to find consistent cross-list interference irrespective of domain as indicating the involvement of grouping mechanisms in concurrently performed serial order tasks. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Serial order memory
KW  - Verbal memory
KW  - Spatial memory
KW  - Domain specificity
KW  - Working memory
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2015.12.003
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 88
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soemer, Alexander
A1  - Schwan, Stephan
T1  - Task-Appropriate Visualizations: Can the Very Same Visualization Format Either Promote or Hinder Learning Depending on the Task Requirements?
JF  - The journal of educational psychology
N2  - In a series of experiments, we tested a recently proposed hypothesis stating that the degree of alignment between the form of a mental representation resulting from learning with a particular visualization format and the specific requirements of a learning task determines learning performance (task-appropriateness). Groups of participants were required to learn the stroke configuration, the stroke order, or the stroke directions of a set of Chinese pseudocharacters. For each learning task, participants were divided into groups receiving dynamic, static-sequential, or static visualizations. An old/new character recognition task was given at test. The results showed that learning both stroke configuration and stroke order was best with static pictures (Experiments 1 and 2), while there was no reliable difference between the groups for learning stroke direction (Experiment 3). An additional experiment, however, revealed that learning with sequential pictures was superior when testing was carried out with sequential pictures, irrespective of the learning task (Experiment 4). The combined evidence from all experiments speaks against task requirements playing a role in determining the effectiveness of a visualization format. Furthermore, the evidence supports the view that a high degree of congruence between information presented during learning and information presented at test results in better learning (study-test congruence). Implications for instructional design are discussed.
KW  - animations
KW  - pictures
KW  - task requirements
KW  - study-test congruence
KW  - Chinese characters
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000093
SN  - 0022-0663
SN  - 1939-2176
VL  - 108
SP  - 960
EP  - 968
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Soemer, Alexander
T1  - Task-unrelated thoughts and forgetting in working memory
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - The present article reports four experiments that investigated the effects of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) on forgetting in non-verbal working memory. Participants had to remember three non-verbal stimuli over unfilled retention intervals (RIs) and then judge whether or not a subsequently presented probe stimulus matched one of the to-be-remembered stimuli. Participants additionally responded to randomly appearing probes that measured different aspects of their TUT engagement during the RI of the preceding trial. Forgetting over unfilled RIs was observed in three of four experiments and reliably associated with the proportion of time spent on TUTs. In contrast, the visual and auditory nature of the TUTs and the number of different TUTs did not reliably predict forgetting. The results support the view that TUTs block attention-based processes that are needed for restoring decaying memory representations rather than an alternative account in terms of interference caused by the content of the TUTs.
KW  - Short-term memory
KW  - Working memory
KW  - Forgetting
KW  - Decay
KW  - Interference
KW  - Mind wandering
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.03.004
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 106
SP  - 118
EP  - 134
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Bekkering, Harold
A1  - Pratt, Jay
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
T1  - Interaction between numbers and size during visual search
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The current study investigates an interaction between numbers and physical size (i.e. size congruity) in visual search. In three experiments, participants had to detect a physically large (or small) target item among physically small (or large) distractors in a search task comprising single-digit numbers. The relative numerical size of the digits was varied, such that the target item was either among the numerically large or small numbers in the search display and the relation between numerical and physical size was either congruent or incongruent. Perceptual differences of the stimuli were controlled by a condition in which participants had to search for a differently coloured target item with the same physical size and by the usage of LCD-style numbers that were matched in visual similarity by shape transformations. The results of all three experiments consistently revealed that detecting a physically large target item is significantly faster when the numerical size of the target item is large as well (congruent), compared to when it is small (incongruent). This novel finding of a size congruity effect in visual search demonstrates an interaction between numerical and physical size in an experimental setting beyond typically used binary comparison tasks, and provides important new evidence for the notion of shared cognitive codes for numbers and sensorimotor magnitudes. Theoretical consequences for recent models on attention, magnitude representation and their interactions are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 623 
KW  - visual search
KW  - congruity effect
KW  - physical size
KW  - small target
KW  - semantic distance
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435442
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 623
SP  - 664
EP  - 677
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Matuschek, Hannes
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Linked linear mixed models: A joint analysis of fixation locations and fixation durations in natural reading
JF  - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - The complexity of eye-movement control during reading allows measurement of many dependent variables, the most prominent ones being fixation durations and their locations in words. In current practice, either variable may serve as dependent variable or covariate for the other in linear mixed models (LMMs) featuring also psycholinguistic covariates of word recognition and sentence comprehension. Rather than analyzing fixation location and duration with separate LMMs, we propose linking the two according to their sequential dependency. Specifically, we include predicted fixation location (estimated in the first LMM from psycholinguistic covariates) and its associated residual fixation location as covariates in the second, fixation-duration LMM. This linked LMM affords a distinction between direct and indirect effects (mediated through fixation location) of psycholinguistic covariates on fixation durations. Results confirm the robustness of distributed processing in the perceptual span. They also offer a resolution of the paradox of the inverted optimal viewing position (IOVP) effect (i.e., longer fixation durations in the center than at the beginning and end of words) although the opposite (i.e., an OVP effect) is predicted from default assumptions of psycholinguistic processing efficiency: The IOVP effect in fixation durations is due to the residual fixation-location covariate, presumably driven primarily by saccadic error, and the OVP effect (at least the left part of it) is uncovered with the predicted fixation-location covariate, capturing the indirect effects of psycholinguistic covariates. We expect that linked LMMs will be useful for the analysis of other dynamically related multiple outcomes, a conundrum of most psychonomic research.
KW  - Linear mixed model
KW  - Model linkage
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1138-y
SN  - 1069-9384
SN  - 1531-5320
VL  - 24
SP  - 637
EP  - 651
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - McDonald, Scott A.
T1  - How preview space/time translates into preview cost/benefit for fixation durations during reading
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Eye-movement control during reading depends on foveal and parafoveal information. If the parafoveal preview of the next word is suppressed, reading is less efficient. A linear mixed model (LMM) reanalysis of McDonald (2006) confirmed his observation that preview benefit may be limited to parafoveal words that have been selected as the saccade target. Going beyond the original analyses, in the same LMM, we examined how the preview effect (i.e., the difference in single-fixation duration, SFD, between random-letter and identical preview) depends on the gaze duration on the pretarget word and on the amplitude of the saccade moving the eye onto the target word. There were two key results: (a) The shorter the saccade amplitude (i.e., the larger preview space), the shorter a subsequent SFD with an identical preview; this association was not observed with a random-letter preview. (b) However, the longer the gaze duration on the pretarget word, the longer the subsequent SFD on the target, with the difference between random-letter string and identical previews increasing with preview time. A third patternincreasing cost of a random-letter string in the parafovea associated with shorter saccade amplitudeswas observed for target gaze durations. Thus, LMMs revealed that preview effects, which are typically summarized under preview benefit, are a complex mixture of preview cost and preview benefit and vary with preview space and preview time. The consequence for reading is that parafoveal preview may not only facilitate, but also interfere with lexical access.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Preview effects
KW  - Linear mixed model
KW  - Boundary paradigm
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.658073
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
SP  - 581
EP  - 600
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Semantic preview benefit during reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Word features in parafoveal vision influence eye movements during reading. The question of whether readers extract semantic information from parafoveal words was studied in 3 experiments by using a gaze-contingent display change technique. Subjects read German sentences containing 1 of several preview words that were replaced by a target word during the saccade to the preview (boundary paradigm). In the 1st experiment the preview word was semantically related or unrelated to the target. Fixation durations on the target were shorter for semantically related than unrelated previews, consistent with a semantic preview benefit. In the 2nd experiment, half the sentences were presented following the rules of German spelling (i.e., previews and targets were printed with an initial capital letter), and the other half were presented completely in lowercase. A semantic preview benefit was obtained under both conditions. In the 3rd experiment, we introduced 2 further preview conditions, an identical word and a pronounceable nonword, while also manipulating the text contrast. Whereas the contrast had negligible effects, fixation durations on the target were reliably different for all 4 types of preview. Semantic preview benefits were greater for pretarget fixations closer to the boundary (large preview space) and, although not as consistently, for long pretarget fixation durations (long preview time). The results constrain theoretical proposals about eye movement control in reading.
KW  - eye movements
KW  - reading
KW  - semantic preview benefit
KW  - parafoveal processing
KW  - display change awareness
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033670
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 166
EP  - 190
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Semantic preview benefit in eye movements during reading : a parafoveal fast-priming study
N2  - Eye movements in reading are sensitive to foveal and parafoveal word features. Whereas the influence of orthographic or phonological parafoveal information on gaze control is undisputed, there has been no reliable evidence for early parafoveal extraction of semantic information in alphabetic script. Using a novel combination of the gaze- contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms, we demonstrate semantic preview benefit when a semantically related parafoveal word was available during the initial 125 ms of a fixation on the pretarget word (Experiments 1 and 2). When the target location was made more salient, significant parafoveal semantic priming occurred only at 80 ms (Experiment 3). Finally, with short primes only (20, 40, 60 ms), effects were not significant but were numerically in the expected direction for 40 and 60 ms (Experiment 4). In all experiments, fixation durations on the target word increased with prime durations under all conditions. The evidence for extraction of semantic information from the parafoveal word favors an explanation in terms of parallel word processing in reading.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/xlm/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0020233
SN  - 0278-7393
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
T1  - Orthographic consistency and parafoveal preview benefit: A resource-sharing account of language differences in processing of phonological and semantic codes
T2  - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary
N2  - Parafoveal preview benefit (PB) is an implicit measure of lexical activation in reading. PB has been demonstrated for orthographic and phonological but not for semantically related information in English. In contrast, semantic PB is obtained in German and Chinese. We propose that these language differences reveal differential resource demands and timing of phonological and semantic decoding in different orthographic systems.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000209
SN  - 0140-525X
SN  - 1469-1825
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
SP  - 292
EP  - 293
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Meinders, C.
A1  - Mohr, H.
A1  - Hafenbrack, K.
A1  - Kieseritzky, K.
A1  - Rosenberger, C.
A1  - Haerter, M.
A1  - Schulz-Kindermann, F.
A1  - Klinger, R.
A1  - Nestoriuc, A. Y.
T1  - Psychological treatments for pain in cancer patients. A systematic review on the current state of research
JF  - Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der Österreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Schmerztherapie
N2  - In cancer patients, pain is one of the main symptoms and especially in the late stages of disease, these symptoms can be associated with considerable suffering. In psycho-oncology, preliminary psychological therapies targeting cancer pain have been tested; however, a systematic review of available interventions is lacking, especially considering their dissemination, evidence base, study quality, and the comparison with established treatments. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to systematically review the current research on psychological treatments for pain in cancer patients. During May 2014, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and CENTRAL databases were searched. Psychological treatments for pain in adult cancer patients studied in randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and referring to pain as primary or secondary outcome were included. After examination for inclusion, structured data extraction and assessment followed. Data were synthesized narratively. In the review, 32 RCTs were included. Studies mainly referred to patients with breast cancer or patients in earlier stages of the disease. The methodological quality of included studies was heterogeneous. Most commonly, short interventions were delivered by nurses in out-patient settings. Interventions including education and relaxation techniques were utilized most often, followed by interventions with behavioral or cognitive components. A need for research persists regarding efficacy of current psychotherapeutic interventions, or the role of mediator variables (e. g., coping) on pain perception in cancer patients. Studies with high methodological quality which comprehensively and transparently report on interventions and designs are lacking.
KW  - Neoplasms, psychology
KW  - Education, patients
KW  - Relaxation
KW  - Behavior therapy
KW  - Cognitive therapy
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-016-0169-7
SN  - 0932-433X
SN  - 1432-2129
VL  - 30
SP  - 496
EP  - 509
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Perceptual span in oral reading
BT  - the case of Chinese
JF  - Scientific Studies of Reading
N2  - The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that generalizes across languages and writing systems.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1283694
SN  - 1088-8438
SN  - 1532-799X
VL  - 21
SP  - 254
EP  - 263
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Beeinträchtigter Start ins Leben
BT  - Langfristige Auswirkungen der postpartalen Depression und der Einfluss des mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Postpartale Depressionen sind häufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die frühe Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. Über die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder Mütter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeinträchtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver Mütter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives mütterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion für die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
N2  - Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and serious mental health problem with prevalence rates ranging from 13 % to 19 %, and is associated with an increased risk of adverse child development. PPD is characterized by symptoms common of depression, particularly by impairments of maternity, parenting, and mother–infant interactions. Several reviews suggest an impact on attachment, cognitive, behavioral, and health-related outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of PPD regarding cognitive and mental development into adulthood and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of maternal interactional behavior, are not yet well understood. In the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, maternal depression was assessed when the child was 3 months and 2 years old. Development from infancy to young adulthood (25 years) was assessed at regular intervals in 28 children of postnatally depressed mothers and 107 children born to mentally healthy mothers. Cognitive outcome up to age 11 was measured using standardized instruments; in adulthood, school outcome was used approximately. Psychiatric diagnosis as well as symptom scores served as psychological outcome. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and a playing situation. Videotapes of the 10-min session were recorded and evaluated by trained raters (κ > .83) using the Category System for Microanalysis of Early Mother Child Interaction (Esser, Scheven, et al., 1989). The cognitive as well as social–emotional outcome of children of mothers suffering from PPD was significantly poorer than in the children of mentally healthy mothers. The adverse effects were more pronounced during childhood. The offspring of postnatally depressed mothers who interacted in a responsive manner with their infant exhibited a better prognosis in contrast to those with mothers interacting less sensitively. This effect was observed with regard to cognitive development and symptoms of externalizing behavior at age 19 years. Regarding internalizing behavior, no impact of maternal behavior was detected. These findings emphasize the importance of high-quality early mother–child interaction in the development of children at risk. Furthermore, convincing arguments are given for very early specialized treatment of impaired mother–child interactions in mothers suffering from PPD. The PPD treatment should always comprise treatment of depression as well as treatment of the disturbed mother–child interaction.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 692 
KW  - Postpartale Depression
KW  - Entwicklung
KW  - Längsschnittstudie
KW  - Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie
KW  - Mutter-Kind-Interaktion
KW  - postpartum depression
KW  - development
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk
KW  - mother–child interaction
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433406
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 692
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bangeow, Petjo
T1  - Zur Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens in der Vertragspsychotherapie – ein Qualitätsverlust?
JF  - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
N2  - Objectives: This article investigates whether or not the abolishment of the expertise procedure for an outpatient psychotherapy is a reliable quality feature; and whether or not the elimination of this procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy.
Methods: We conducted a literature research that considered articles written between the years 2000 and 2020 dealing with the expertise procedure as a quality standard of outpatient psychotherapy. In order to discuss the different views of the cited authors, we also refer to further literature.
Results: The expertise procedure is not a reliable quality feature of outpatient psychotherapy. The idea that abolishing the expertise procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy is not confirmed by the studies summarized.
N2  - Zielsetzung: Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit der Fragestellung, inwiefern das Gutachterverfahren in der Vertragspsychotherapie ein zuverlässiges Qualitätsinstrument darstellt und ob sich aus der geplanten Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens das Risiko einer Qualitätsminderung in der ambulanten Psychotherapie ergibt.
Methodik: Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Arbeiten von den Jahren 2000 bis 2020 wurden berücksichtigt, welche sich mit dem Gutachterverfahren als Qualitätsmerkmal der ambulanten Psychotherapie befassen. Um die unterschiedlichen Standpunkte der zitierten Autor_innen zu diskutieren, wurde auch Bezug auf weiterführende Literatur genommen.
Ergebnisse: Das Gutachterverfahren scheint empirisch nicht sicher als zuverlässiges Qualitätsmerkmal der ambulanten Psychotherapie herangezogen werden zu können. Die Annahme, dass sich durch eine gutachterbefreite Vertragspsychotherapie eine Qualitätsminderung der Psychotherapie ergibt, wird durch die hier zusammengefassten Arbeiten insgesamt nicht gestützt.
T2  - The abolition of the expertise procedure for outpatient psychotherapy - A reduction of quality in the psychotherapy?
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - guideline
KW  - expertise procedure
KW  - quality standards
KW  - outpatient psychotherapy
KW  - Psychotherapie
KW  - Richtlinie
KW  - Gutachterverfahren
KW  - Qualitätsstandard
KW  - ambulante Psychotherapie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000778
SN  - 1422-4917
SN  - 1664-2880
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 64
EP  - 72
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Maaß, Ulrike
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Einsatz standardisierter Patienten im Psychologiestudium
BT  - von der Forschung in die Praxis
JF  - Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven
N2  - Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des reformierten Psychotherapeutengesetzes wird eine starkere Praxisorientierung in der klinisch-psychologischen Lehre und in der Prufung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen verankert. Hierbei sollen Studierende durch die Interaktion mit standardisierten Patient*innen (SP) therapeutische Kompetenzen erwerben und demonstrieren. Fragestellung: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine evidenzbasierte Umsetzung dieser neuen Lehr- und Prufungsformate zu unterstutzen, indem bisherige Forschungsbefunde zum Einsatz von SP dargestellt und Bereiche, in denen weitere Forschung notwendig ist, aufgezeigt werden. Ergebnisse: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass SP psychische Storungen authentisch darstellen konnen. Voraussetzung dafur sind beispielsweise die Auswahl geeigneter SP, detaillierte Rollenanleitungen, spezifisches Training, Feedback und Nachschulungen. Auch wenn einige Forschungsfragen, wie zur vergleichenden Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes von SP, noch unbeantwortet sind, lassen sich praktische Implikationen fur SP-Programme in Lehre, Prufung und Forschung ableiten, die in einem Ablaufschema dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz von SP bietet gro ss es Potenzial fur die klinisch-psychologische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung. Um den Einsatz von SP an anderen Standorten zu unterstutzen, werden Beispielmaterialien (z.B. Rollenanleitung) in den elektronischen Supplementen (siehe www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 fur alle Supplemente) zum Artikel zur Verfugung gestellt.
N2  - Background: Within the pending reformation of the German law of psychotherapy training, education in clinical psychology and the examination of psychotherapeutic competencies are established as more practice oriented. Students will acquire and demonstrate therapeutic skills through interactions with standardized patients (SPs). The aim of the current paper is to enhance evidence-based implementation of these new methods of education and examination by presenting the current evidence regarding the use of SPs and by pointing out areas for further research. Results: Results of recent studies demonstrate that SPs are able to present mental disorders authentically. Prerequisites are, among others, the selection of suitable SPs, detailed role scripts, specific training, feedback, and corrective training. Although some research questions, including the comparative effectiveness of SPs, remain unanswered, practice implications for using SPs in education, examination, and research can be drawn. These implications are illustrated schematically. Conclusions: The use of SPs has large potential for education in clinical psychology and for research on psychotherapy training. With a view to encouraging the widespread use of SPs, we provide exemplary materials (e.g., role script) within the online supplements (see www.­karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] for all online suppl. material).
T2  - Standardized patients in clinical psychology: from research to practice
KW  - Training
KW  - Ausbildung
KW  - Psychotherapie
KW  - Evidenzbasierte Versorgung
KW  - training
KW  - education
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - evidence-based care
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000509249
SN  - 1016-6262
SN  - 1423-0402
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 152
EP  - 160
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Rezension zu: Geissler, Julia; Vloet, Timo D.; Romanos, Marcel; Zwanzger, Ulrike; Jans, Thomas: Verhaltenstherapie bei ADHS im Jugendalter : ein modular aufgebautes Therapieprogramm. - Göttingen: Hogrefe, 102 S. - (Therapeutische Praxis, Bd. 94). - ISBN: 978-3-8017-2979-0
JF  - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000551
SN  - 1616-3443
SN  - 2190-6297
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SP  - 138
EP  - 139
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1  - Vock, Miriam
A1  - Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra
T1  - Example of best practice
BT  - refugee teachers at the University of Potsdam. A requalification program for newly arrived teachers in Germany
JF  - Intercultural education
N2  - The Refugee Teachers Program, established at the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, in 2016, represents a successful model for training and integrating individuals with foreign teaching qualifications through an 18-month teaching and language course. Initially created to help meet the demand for teachers in Germany, the Refugee Teachers Program has been further refined over the course of the last three years in the light of expert meetings, theoretical considerations, and negotiations with the Brandenburg Ministry of Education. This was the first program of its kind in Germany, following an influx of people being forced to migrate from countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq in 2015. The program responded to these international events by providing training, work, and refuge for migrants who already had teaching experience in their home countries. More than 85 participants successfully completed the program and many have taken up newly created positions as teachers and pedagogical assistants in German schools. However, a number of hurdles still remain before most of the program's graduates can be granted full employment as teachers in Germany.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2021.1851513
SN  - 1467-5986
SN  - 1469-8439
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 108
EP  - 118
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Ein praxisnaher Leitfaden zur kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung von Auftrittsängsten bei Musikerinnen und Musikern
BT  - Rezension zu: Mumm, Jennifer ; Plag, Jens ; Fehm, Lydia ; Witzleben  Ines von ; Fernholz, Isabel; Schmidt, Alexander; Stöhle, Andreas: Auftrittsängste bei Musikerinnen und Musikern : ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Behandlungsleitfaden. - Göttingen: Hogrefe, 2020. - 231 S. - ISBN 978-3-8017-2988-2
JF  - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-8017-2988-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000615
SN  - 1616-3443
SN  - 2190-6297
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 46
EP  - 47
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maaß, Ulrike
T1  - Rezension zu: Edelmann, Walter, Wittmann, Simone: Lernpsychologie – mit Online-Material. - (8., vollständig überarbeitete Auflage). - Weinheim; Basel: Beltz, 2019. - 264 S. : Illustrationen, Diagramme. - ISBN 978-3-621-28601-5
JF  - Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPS), der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen (BDP), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie e.V. (DGVT), der Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Gesprächspsychotherapie e.V. (GWG) und der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Österreichischer Psychologen (B.Ö.P.)
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-621-28601-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000604
SN  - 1616-3443
SN  - 2190-6297
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 100
EP  - 101
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
T1  - Rezension zu: Bernart, Hartmut E.; Weinig, Jacob. - Rechenschwierigkeiten und Rechenstörungen – Multimodales Therapieprogramm für Kinder- und Jugendliche. - Beltz: Weinheim, 2020. - 300 S. - ISBN 978-3-621-28698-5
JF  - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 978-3-621-28698-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000584
SN  - 1616-3443
SN  - 2190-6297
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 191
EP  - 192
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maaß, Ulrike
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Maas, Jana
A1  - Unverdross, Maria
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - Psychological interventions for health anxiety and somatic symptoms
BT  - a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - Zeitschrift für Psychologie = Journal of psychology
N2  - This study examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions for severe health anxiety (SHA) regarding somatic symptoms (SS) and health anxiety (HA). The databases Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL were searched on May 15, 2019, May 16, 2019, and August 5, 2019, respectively. Eighteen randomized controlled trials (N = 2,050) met the inclusion criteria (i.e., hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder with elevated HA being assessed with validated interviews: use of standardized outcome measures). Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies' risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool. Overall, psychological interventions were significantly more effective than waitlist, treatment-as-usual, or placebo post-treatment (g(SS) = 0.70, g(HA) = 1.11) and at follow-up (g(SS) = 0.33, g(HA)= 0.70). CBT outperformed other psychological interventions or pharmacotherapy for HA post- treatment (Hedge's g(HA) = 0.81). The number of sessions did not significantly predict the effect sizes. In sum, psychological interventions were effective for SHA, but the generalizability of the results for SS is limited, because only two high-quatity trials contributed to the comparison.
KW  - health anxiety
KW  - hypochondriasis
KW  - systematic review
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - psychotherapy
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000400
SN  - 2190-8370
SN  - 2151-2604
VL  - 228
IS  - 2
SP  - 68
EP  - 80
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malesza, Marta
T1  - The reduced discounting inventory
BT  - construction and initial validation
JF  - Current psychology
N2  - In two studies, the aim of this research was to develop and validate a Polish version of the reduced Discounting Inventory. In Study 1 (N = 623) items extraction from the 48-item DI was based upon item-total correlation and items with highest coefficients were considered. The reduced Discounting Inventory resulted in sixteen items. Cronbach's a coefficient was .78, and the item-total correlations ranged between .59 and .77. The correlation between Polish versions of reduced Discounting Inventory and longer 48-item Discounting Inventory was .85. Next, the reduced Discounting Inventory was evaluated in terms of factorial and construct validity. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the four-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Additionally, we show that this reduced Discounting Inventory closely parallels the longer 48-item inventory its relation to traditional discounting measures using pairs of hypothetical choices (expect for the delay discounting subscale). Finally, in study 2, the test-retest reliability of the reduced Discounting Inventory over a 3-month interval was assessed (247 subjects of the 623 individuals who participated in Study 1). Results indicated good stability of the reduced measure (>= .88). It is concluded that the reduced Discounting Inventory has notable psychometric properties and that it can serve as an alternative measure of discounting when situations do not allow the use of longer inventories.
KW  - Discounting inventory
KW  - Reduced measure
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Validity
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 1046-1310
SN  - 1936-4733
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 545
EP  - 552
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rose, Robert
A1  - Groeger, Lars
A1  - Hölzle, Katharina
T1  - The Emergence of Shared Leadership in Innovation Labs
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Implementing innovation laboratories to leverage intrapreneurship are an increasingly popular organizational practice. A typical feature in these creative environments are semi-autonomous teams in which multiple members collectively exert leadership influence, thereby challenging traditional command-and-control conceptions of leadership. An extensive body of research on the team-centric concept of shared leadership has recognized the potential for pluralized leadership structures in enhancing team effectiveness; however, little empirical work has been conducted in organizational contexts in which creativity is key. This study set out to explore antecedents of shared leadership and its influence on team creativity in an innovation lab. Building on extant shared leadership and innovation research, we propose antecedents customary to creative teamwork, that is, experimental culture, task reflexivity, and voice. Multisource data were collected from 104 team members and 49 evaluations of 29 coaches nested in 21 teams working in a prototypical innovation lab. We identify factors specific to creative teamwork that facilitate the emergence of shared leadership by providing room for experimentation, encouraging team members to speak up in the creative process, and cultivating a reflective application of entrepreneurial thinking. We provide specific exemplary activities for innovation lab teams to increase levels of shared leadership.
KW  - innovation laboratories
KW  - intrapreneurship
KW  - team creativity
KW  - shared leadership
KW  - social network analysis
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685167
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Frontiers in psychology
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1  - Weck, Florian
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
T1  - Can simulated patient encounters appear authentic?
BT  - development and pilot results of a rating instrument based on the portrayal of depressive patients
JF  - Training and education in professional psychology
N2  - Public Significance Statement This study demonstrates that simulated patients (SPs) can authentically portray a depressive case. The results provide preliminary evidence of psychometrically sound properties of the rating scale that contributes to distinguishing between authentic and unauthentic SPs and may thus foster SPs' dissemination into evidence-based training. <br /> For training purposes, simulated patients (SPs), that is, healthy people portraying a disorder, are disseminating more into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. In the current study, we developed an observer-based rating instrument for the evaluation of SP authenticity-namely, it not being possible to distinguish them from real patients-so as to foster their use in evidence-based training. We applied a multistep inductive approach to develop the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations (APD) scale. Ninety-seven independent psychotherapy trainees, 77.32% female, mean age of 31.49 (SD = 5.17) years, evaluated the authenticity of 2 independent SPs, each of whom portrayed a depressive patient. The APD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .83) and a strong correlation (r = .82) with an established tool for assessing SP performance in medical contexts. The APD scale distinguished significantly between an authentic and unauthentic SP (d = 2.35). Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the APD indicates that the APD could be a viable tool for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in detail.
KW  - authenticity
KW  - evidence-based training
KW  - standardized patients
KW  - role-play
KW  - mental disorders
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000349
SN  - 1931-3918
SN  - 1931-3926
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
EP  - 27
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Preview Benefit and Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects from Word N+2
N2  - Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, we manipulated preview of word n+2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for first-pass reading on word n+2, replicating the results of Rayner, Juhasz, and Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the three-letter word n+1, that is, after the boundary, but before word n+2. Additionally, both word n+1 and word n+2 exhibited parafoveal-on-foveal effects on word n. Thus, during a fixation on word n and given a short word n+1, some information is extracted from word n+2, supporting the hypothesis of distributed processing in the perceptual span.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 257 
KW  - eye movements
KW  - reading
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - parafoveal-on-foveal effects
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57186
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Krügel, Andre
A1  - Backhaus, Daniel
T1  - Open Education in Methods Training
T1  - Open Education in der Methodenausbildung
BT  - Vorstellung eines digitalen Lehrkonzepts für computergestütztes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten
BT  - Presentation of a digital Teaching Concept for computer-supported scientific Work
JF  - Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000602
SN  - 0033-3042
SN  - 2190-6238
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
SP  - 206
EP  - 208
PB  - HOGREFE VERLAG
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph B.
T1  - Aggression-related sexual fantasies
BT  - prevalence rates, sex differences, and links with personality, attitudes, and behavior
JF  - The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction
N2  - Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions. <br /> Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF. <br /> Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77%) women and 156 (23%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis. <br /> Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression. <br /> Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption. <br /> Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts. <br /> Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts. <br /> Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathic traits
KW  - rape myths acceptance
KW  - big five
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006
SN  - 1743-6095
SN  - 1743-6109
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
SP  - 1383
EP  - 1397
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Rentzsch, Katrin
A1  - Schröder-Abé, Michela
T1  - Narcissus oeconomicus:
BT  - facets of narcissism and socio-economic decision-making
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - How do narcissists respond to monetary rewards and are there differences in fairness sensitivity between different facets of narcissism? The present study (N = 287) investigated these questions using the Ultimatum Game, a behavioral decision-making task involving the presentation of advantageous and disadvantageous financial offers. The results of multilevel modeling revealed that individual differences in narcissism modulated responders’ game decisions: Individuals high in narcissism, particularly narcissistic rivalry, were more likely to accept monetary offers and this effect was even more pronounced for comparatively unfair offers. Results extend previous findings, suggesting that narcissists are hypersensitive to rewards and pay close attention how to maximize their personal profit rather than to enforce fairness norms.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Fairness
KW  - Ultimatum Game
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Social cognition
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.05.002
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 75
SP  - 12
EP  - 16
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -