@incollection{Krueger2020,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Closed environment and open world},
  series = {Jakob von Uexk{\"u}ll and philosophy: life, environments, anthropology},
  booktitle = {Jakob von Uexk{\"u}ll and philosophy: life, environments, anthropology},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  address   = {London},
  isbn      = {978-0-429-27909-6},
  doi       = {10.4324/9780429279096},
  pages     = {89 -- 105},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {According to Plessner, both adaptation and selection can be conceived not just as requested by the environment but also as actively proceeding from the organism. In this respect, Plessner finds in Uexk{\"u}ll's new biology a powerful counterweight to the constraints of Darwinism. However, despite all the points in common in their respective understanding of the problem, Plessner reproaches to Uexk{\"u}ll to have entirely missed the intermediate layer of the lived body [Leib] between the organism and its environment. Unlike Uexk{\"u}ll, concerning the more developed animals, Plessner took up elements of animal psychology from Wolfgang K{\"o}hler and Frederik Jacobus Johannes Buytendijk. Finally, Plessner finds insufficiencies also in Uexk{\"u}ll's distinction between the notion of world and the notion of environment, which would lead to the parallel positing of different environments. In reaction to Uexk{\"u}ll's leveling of all environments, Plessner drafted a philosophical-anthropological spectrum between the intelligent way of living observed in the great apes, whose intelligence had been demonstrated, and the co-wordly life of the symbolic mind as seen in the personal sphere of human life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{KayaKopshteyn2020,
  author    = {Kaya, Gizem and Kopshteyn, Georgy},
  title     = {Dispersing the fog},
  series = {Corruption and informal practices in the Middle East and North Africa},
  booktitle = {Corruption and informal practices in the Middle East and North Africa},
  editor    = {Kubbe, Ina and Varraich, Aiysha},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  address   = {London},
  isbn      = {978-0-367-82285-9},
  doi       = {10.4324/9780367822859-2},
  pages     = {23 -- 42},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Countries in the Middle East generally fare poorly in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. One of the biggest challenges for the anti-corruption-regime in the Middle East are the many forms of corruption that are not being recognised as such on the local level, if assessed against a culturally relativistic benchmark. Our paper seeks to establish a unifying ground by providing a functional analysis of corruption which is both, normatively guiding and culturally sensitive. We demarcate our work as follows: (1) our reference point will be the phenomenon of institutional corruption, whereas (2) our working definition of corruption will conceive of corruption as a violation of role-specific norms that is motivated by the role-occupier's private motives. In an attempt to offer a comprehensive approach, corruption will be viewed on two differing levels. On the external level, we will begin with an investigation of features within a norm-order that typically instantiate corruption. We will argue that corruption is externally conditioned by an authority's inability to enforce and (re)establish the norms of conduct that ought to be action-guiding in office. This changes the expectation-structure within a norm-order and erodes public trust in the authorities, giving rise to willing perpetrators. Complementing this, the internal level of our framework will emphasize the motivational deficits of corrupt acts. It will be argued that this deficit can typically be found in societies that lack civic virtues. This, we suspect, is the functional reason why corrupt societies have such a hard time to overcome the problem: they lack both features and are, as a consequence, caught in a vicious circle as they struggle to strengthen civil society and consolidate institutional structures - whereas corruption increasingly disappears from the radar as it becomes accepted reality.},
  language  = {en}
}