@article{StillfriedFickelBoerneretal.2017, author = {Stillfried, Milena and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and B{\"o}rner, Konstantin and Wittstatt, Ulrich and Heddergott, Mike and Ortmann, Sylvia and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Frantz, Alain C.}, title = {Do cities represent sources, sinks or isolated islands for urban wild boar population structure?}, series = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, volume = {54}, journal = {Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-8901}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12756}, pages = {272 -- 281}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{KramerSchadtNiedballaPilgrimetal.2013, author = {Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Niedballa, J{\"u}rgen and Pilgrim, John D. and Schr{\"o}der-Esselbach, Boris and Lindenborn, Jana and Reinfelder, Vanessa and Stillfried, Milena and Heckmann, Ilja and Scharf, Anne K. and Augeri, Dave M. and Cheyne, Susan M. and Hearn, Andrew J. and Ross, Joanna and Macdonald, David W. and Mathai, John and Eaton, James and Marshall, Andrew J. and Semiadi, Gono and Rustam, Rustam and Bernard, Henry and Alfred, Raymond and Samejima, Hiromitsu and Duckworth, J. W. and Breitenmoser-Wuersten, Christine and Belant, Jerrold L. and Hofer, Heribert and Wilting, Andreas}, title = {The importance of correcting for sampling bias in MaxEnt species distribution models}, series = {Diversity \& distributions : a journal of biological invasions and biodiversity}, volume = {19}, journal = {Diversity \& distributions : a journal of biological invasions and biodiversity}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1366-9516}, doi = {10.1111/ddi.12096}, pages = {1366 -- 1379}, year = {2013}, abstract = {AimAdvancement in ecological methods predicting species distributions is a crucial precondition for deriving sound management actions. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are a popular tool to predict species distributions, as they are considered able to cope well with sparse, irregularly sampled data and minor location errors. Although a fundamental assumption of MaxEnt is that the entire area of interest has been systematically sampled, in practice, MaxEnt models are usually built from occurrence records that are spatially biased towards better-surveyed areas. Two common, yet not compared, strategies to cope with uneven sampling effort are spatial filtering of occurrence data and background manipulation using environmental data with the same spatial bias as occurrence data. We tested these strategies using simulated data and a recently collated dataset on Malay civet Viverra tangalunga in Borneo. LocationBorneo, Southeast Asia. MethodsWe collated 504 occurrence records of Malay civets from Borneo of which 291 records were from 2001 to 2011 and used them in the MaxEnt analysis (baseline scenario) together with 25 environmental input variables. We simulated datasets for two virtual species (similar to a range-restricted highland and a lowland species) using the same number of records for model building. As occurrence records were biased towards north-eastern Borneo, we investigated the efficacy of spatial filtering versus background manipulation to reduce overprediction or underprediction in specific areas. ResultsSpatial filtering minimized omission errors (false negatives) and commission errors (false positives). We recommend that when sample size is insufficient to allow spatial filtering, manipulation of the background dataset is preferable to not correcting for sampling bias, although predictions were comparatively weak and commission errors increased. Main ConclusionsWe conclude that a substantial improvement in the quality of model predictions can be achieved if uneven sampling effort is taken into account, thereby improving the efficacy of species conservation planning.}, language = {en} } @article{HagemannConejeroStillfriedetal.2022, author = {Hagemann, Justus and Conejero, Carles and Stillfried, Milena and Mentaberre, Gregorio and Castillo-Contreras, Raquel and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Lopez-Olvera, Jorge Ram{\´o}n}, title = {Genetic population structure defines wild boar as an urban exploiter species in Barcelona, Spain}, series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, volume = {833}, journal = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0048-9697}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155126}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Urban wildlife ecology is gaining relevance as metropolitan areas grow throughout the world, reducing natural habitats and creating new ecological niches. However, knowledge is still scarce about the colonisation processes of such urban niches, the establishment of new communities, populations and/or species, and the related changes in behaviour and life histories of urban wildlife. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) has successfully colonised urban niches throughout Europe. The aim of this study is to unveil the processes driving the establishment and maintenance of an urban wild boar population by analysing its genetic structure. A set of 19 microsatellite loci was used to test whether urban wild boars in Barcelona, Spain, are an isolated population or if gene flow prevents genetic differentiation between rural and urban wild boars. This knowledge will contribute to the understanding of the effects of synurbisation and the associated management measures on the genetic change of large mammals in urban ecosystems. Despite the unidirectional gene flow from rural to urban areas, the urban wild boars in Barcelona form an island population genotypically differentiated from the surrounding rural ones. The comparison with previous genetic studies of urban wild boar populations suggests that forest patches act as suitable islands for wild boar genetic differentiation. Previous results and the genetic structure of the urban wild boar population in Barcelona classify wild boar as an urban exploiter species. These wild boar peri-urban island populations are responsible for conflict with humans and thus should be managed by reducing the attractiveness of urban areas. The management of peri-urban wild boar populations should aim at reducing migration into urban areas and preventing phenotypic changes (either genetic or plastic) causing habituation of wild boars to humans and urban environments.}, language = {en} }