@unpublished{LaubrockHohenstein2012,
  author    = {Laubrock, Jochen and Hohenstein, Sven},
  title     = {Orthographic consistency and parafoveal preview benefit: A resource-sharing account of language differences in processing of phonological and semantic codes},
  series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0140-525X},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0140525X12000209},
  pages     = {292 -- 293},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parafoveal preview benefit (PB) is an implicit measure of lexical activation in reading. PB has been demonstrated for orthographic and phonological but not for semantically related information in English. In contrast, semantic PB is obtained in German and Chinese. We propose that these language differences reveal differential resource demands and timing of phonological and semantic decoding in different orthographic systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PanYanLaubrock2017,
  author    = {Pan, Jinger and Yan, Ming and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {Perceptual span in oral reading},
  series = {Scientific Studies of Reading},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Scientific Studies of Reading},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1088-8438},
  doi       = {10.1080/10888438.2017.1283694},
  pages     = {254 -- 263},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that generalizes across languages and writing systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglRisseLaubrock2007,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Risse, Sarah and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {Preview Benefit and Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects from Word N+2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57186},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, we manipulated preview of word n+2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for first-pass reading on word n+2, replicating the results of Rayner, Juhasz, and Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the three-letter word n+1, that is, after the boundary, but before word n+2. Additionally, both word n+1 and word n+2 exhibited parafoveal-on-foveal effects on word n. Thus, during a fixation on word n and given a short word n+1, some information is extracted from word n+2, supporting the hypothesis of distributed processing in the perceptual span.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LaubrockKliegl2015,
  author    = {Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {The eye-voice span during reading aloud},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86904},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Although eye movements during reading are modulated by cognitive processing demands, they also reflect visual sampling of the input, and possibly preparation of output for speech or the inner voice. By simultaneously recording eye movements and the voice during reading aloud, we obtained an output measure that constrains the length of time spent on cognitive processing. Here we investigate the dynamics of the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eye and voice. We show that the EVS is regulated immediately during fixation of a word by either increasing fixation duration or programming a regressive eye movement against the reading direction. EVS size at the beginning of a fixation was positively correlated with the likelihood of regressions and refixations. Regression probability was further increased if the EVS was still large at the end of a fixation: if adjustment of fixation duration did not sufficiently reduce the EVS during a fixation, then a regression rather than a refixation followed with high probability. We further show that the EVS can help understand cognitive influences on fixation duration during reading: in mixed model analyses, the EVS was a stronger predictor of fixation durations than either word frequency or word length. The EVS modulated the influence of several other predictors on single fixation durations (SFDs). For example, word-N frequency effects were larger with a large EVS, especially when word N-1 frequency was low. Finally, a comparison of SFDs during oral and silent reading showed that reading is governed by similar principles in both reading modes, although EVS maintenance and articulatory processing also cause some differences. In summary, the EVS is regulated by adjusting fixation duration and/or by programming a regressive eye movement when the EVS gets too large. Overall, the EVS appears to be directly related to updating of the working memory buffer during reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LaubrockEngbertKliegl2005,
  author    = {Laubrock, Jochen and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Microsaccade dynamics during covert attention},
  issn      = {0042-6989},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {We compared effects of covert spatial-attention shifts induced with exogenous or endogenous cues on microsaccade rate and direction. Separate and dissociated effects were obtained in rate and direction measures. Display changes caused microsaccade rate inhibition, followed by sustained rate enhancement. Effects on microsaccade direction were differentially tied to cue class (exogenous vs. endogenous) and type (neutral vs. directional). For endogenous cues, direction effects were weak and occurred late. Exogenous cues caused a fast direction bias towards the cue (i.e., early automatic triggering of saccade programs), followed by a shift in the opposite direction (i.e, controlled inhibition of cue-directed saccades, leading to a 'leakage' of microsaccades in the opposite direction). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeixnerNixonLaubrock2022,
  author    = {Meixner, Johannes M. and Nixon, Jessie S. and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {The perceptual span is dynamically adjusted in response to foveal load by beginning readers},
  series = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
  volume    = {151},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0096-3445},
  doi       = {10.1037/xge0001140},
  pages     = {1219 -- 1232},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The perceptual span describes the size of the visual field from which information is obtained during a fixation in reading. Its size depends on characteristics of writing system and reader, but-according to the foveal load hypothesis-it is also adjusted dynamically as a function of lexical processing difficulty. Using the moving window paradigm to manipulate the amount of preview, here we directly test whether the perceptual span shrinks as foveal word difficulty increases. We computed the momentary size of the span from word-based eye-movement measures as a function of foveal word frequency, allowing us to separately describe the perceptual span for information affecting spatial saccade targeting and temporal saccade execution. First fixation duration and gaze duration on the upcoming (parafoveal) word N + 1 were significantly shorter when the current (foveal) word N was more frequent. We show that the word frequency effect is modulated by window size. Fixation durations on word N + 1 decreased with high-frequency words N, but only for large windows, that is, when sufficient parafoveal preview was available. This provides strong support for the foveal load hypothesis. To investigate the development of the foveal load effect, we analyzed data from three waves of a longitudinal study on the perceptual span with German children in Grades 1 to 6. Perceptual span adjustment emerged early in development at around second grade and remained stable in later grades. We conclude that the local modulation of the perceptual span indicates a general cognitive process, perhaps an attentional gradient with rapid readjustment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FelisattiLaubrockShakietal.2020,
  author    = {Felisatti, Arianna and Laubrock, Jochen and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Commentary},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {620},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46041},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460413},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HartmannLaubrockFischer2018,
  author    = {Hartmann, Matthias and Laubrock, Jochen and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {The visual number world},
  series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology},
  volume    = {71},
  journal   = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1747-0218},
  doi       = {10.1080/17470218.2016.1240812},
  pages     = {28 -- 36},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In the domain of language research, the simultaneous presentation of a visual scene and its auditory description (i.e., the visual world paradigm) has been used to reveal the timing of mental mechanisms. Here we apply this rationale to the domain of numerical cognition in order to explore the differences between fast and slow arithmetic performance, and to further study the role of spatial-numerical associations during mental arithmetic. We presented 30 healthy adults simultaneously with visual displays containing four numbers and with auditory addition and subtraction problems. Analysis of eye movements revealed that participants look spontaneously at the numbers they currently process (operands, solution). Faster performance was characterized by shorter latencies prior to fixating the relevant numbers and fewer revisits to the first operand while computing the solution. These signatures of superior task performance were more pronounced for addition and visual numbers arranged in ascending order, and for subtraction and numbers arranged in descending order (compared to the opposite pairings). Our results show that the visual number world-paradigm provides on-line access to the mind during mental arithmetic, is able to capture variability in arithmetic performance, and is sensitive to visual layout manipulations that are otherwise not reflected in response time measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PanYanLaubrocketal.2019,
  author    = {Pan, Jinger and Yan, Ming and Laubrock, Jochen and Shu, Hua},
  title     = {Lexical and Sublexical Phonological Effects in Chinese Silent and Oral Reading},
  series = {Scientific studies of reading},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Scientific studies of reading},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1088-8438},
  doi       = {10.1080/10888438.2019.1583232},
  pages     = {403 -- 418},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {What is the time course of activation of phonological information in logographic writing systems like Chinese, in which meaning is prioritized over sound? We used a manipulation of phonological regularity to examine foveal and parafoveal phonological processing of Chinese phonograms at lexical and sublexical levels during Chinese sentence reading in 2 eye-tracking experiments. In Experiment 1, using an error disruption task during silent reading, we observed foveal lexical phonological activation in second-pass reading. In Experiment 2, using the boundary paradigm, both parafoveal lexical and sublexical phonological preview benefits were found in first-fixation duration in oral reading, whereas only lexical phonological benefits were found in gaze duration during silent reading. Thus, phonological information had earlier and more pronounced parafoveal effects in oral reading, and these extended to sublexical processing. These results are compatible with the view that oral reading prioritizes parafoveal phonological processing in Chinese.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KlieglRisseLaubrock2007,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Risse, Sarah and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {Preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effects from word n+2},
  issn      = {0096-1523},
  doi       = {10.1037/0096-1523.33.5.1250},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm with the boundary placed after word n, the experiment manipulated preview of word n + 2 for fixations on word n. There was no preview benefit for 1st-pass reading on word n + 2, replicating the results of K. Rayner, B. J. Juhasz, and S. J. Brown (2007), but there was a preview benefit on the 3- letter word n + 1, that is, after the boundary but before word n + 2. Additionally, both word n + 1 and word n + 2 exhibited parafoveal-on-foveal effects on word n. Thus, during a fixation on word n and given a short word n + 1, some information is extracted from word n + 2, supporting the hypothesis of distributed processing in the perceptual span.},
  language  = {en}
}