@article{BleidornHillErseusetal.2009,
  author    = {Bleidorn, Christoph and Hill, Natascha and Ers{\´e}us, Christer and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {On the role of character loss in orbiniid phylogeny (Annelida) : molecules vs. morphology},
  issn      = {1055-7903},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.022},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Orbiniid phylogeny is matter of debate and incongruence between hypothesis based on molecules and morphology has been repeatedly reported. Moreover, the phylogenetic position of the "oligochaetoid polychaetes" of the taxon Questa varies between morphological and molecular cladistic analyses. Here, we present a nearly complete mitochondrial genome of Questa ersei. The mitochondrial gene order is roughly identical to known orbiniid taxa. Several translocations of tRNAs are unique to Orbiniidae and Questa when compared to other annelid mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, we assembled sequence data of six genes (18S, 16S, cox1, cox3, nad1, nad4) for a representative orbiniid taxon sampling and analysed all data in concatenation using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference. For comparison with morphology we compiled a morphological data matrix for all taxa included in our molecular analyses. Our results strongly support a close relationship of Questa with orbiniids (sequence data, gene order, an 18 bp indel, morphology), and a position nested within orbiniids is recovered in our sequence based analyses. We demonstrate remarkable incongruence of most included morphological characters with the recovered best ML tree and suppose that repeated independent character loss might be an explanation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BleidornLanterbecqEeckhautetal.2009,
  author    = {Bleidorn, Christoph and Lanterbecq, Deborah and Eeckhaut, Igor and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {A PCR survey of Hox genes in the myzostomid Myzostoma cirriferum},
  issn      = {0949-944X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00427-009-0282-z},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Using degenerate primers, we were able to identify seven Hox genes for the myzostomid Myzostoma cirriferum. The recovered fragments belong to anterior class (Mci_lab, Mci_pb), central class (Mci_Dfd, Mci_Lox5, Mci_Antp, Mci_Lox4), and posterior class (Mci_Post2) paralog groups. Orthology assignment was verified by phylogenetic analyses and presence of diagnostic regions in the homeodomain as well as flanking regions. The presence of Lox5, Lox4, and Post2 supports the inclusion of Myzostomida within Lophotrochozoa. We found signature residues within flanking regions of Lox5, which are also found in annelids, but not in Platyhelminthes. As such the available Hox genes data of myzostomids support an annelid relationship.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoodleyBrufordBleidornetal.2009,
  author    = {Moodley, Yoshan and Bruford, Michael W. and Bleidorn, Christoph and Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin},
  title     = {Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data reveals non-monophyly in the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) complex},
  issn      = {1616-5047},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.mambio.2008.05.003},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MwinyiMeyerBleidornetal.2009,
  author    = {Mwinyi, Adina and Meyer, Achim and Bleidorn, Christoph and Lieb, Bernhard and Bartolomaeus, Thomas and Podsiadlowski, Lars},
  title     = {Mitochondrial genome sequence and gene order of Sipunculus nudus give additional support for an inclusion of Sipuncula into Annelida},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44916},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Mitochondrial genomes are a valuable source of data for analysing phylogenetic relationships. Besides sequence information, mitochondrial gene order may add phylogenetically useful information, too. Sipuncula are unsegmented marine worms, traditionally placed in their own phylum. Recent molecular and morphological findings suggest a close affinity to the segmented Annelida. Results: The first complete mitochondrial genome of a member of Sipuncula, Sipunculus nudus, is presented. All 37 genes characteristic for metazoan mtDNA were detected and are encoded on the same strand. The mitochondrial gene order (protein-coding and ribosomal RNA genes) resembles that of annelids, but shows several derivations so far found only in Sipuncula. Sequence based phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial protein-coding genes results in significant bootstrap support for Annelida sensu lato, combining Annelida together with Sipuncula, Echiura, Pogonophora and Myzostomida. Conclusion: The mitochondrial sequence data support a close relationship of Annelida and Sipuncula. Also the most parsimonious explanation of changes in gene order favours a derivation from the annelid gene order. These results complement findings from recent phylogenetic analyses of nuclear encoded genes as well as a report of a segmental neural patterning in Sipuncula.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BleidornPodsiadlowskiZhongetal.2009,
  author    = {Bleidorn, Christoph and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Zhong, Min and Eeckhaut, Igor and Hartmann, Stefanie and Halanych, Kenneth M. and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {On the phylogenetic position of Myzostomida : can 77 genes get it wrong?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44893},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Phylogenomic analyses recently became popular to address questions about deep metazoan phylogeny. Ribosomal proteins (RP) dominate many of these analyses or are, in some cases, the only genes included. Despite initial hopes, hylogenomic analyses including tens to hundreds of genes still fail to robustly place many bilaterian taxa. Results: Using the phylogenetic position of myzostomids as an example, we show that phylogenies derived from RP genes and mitochondrial genes produce incongruent results. Whereas the former support a position within a clade of platyzoan taxa, mitochondrial data recovers an annelid affinity, which is strongly supported by the gene order data and is congruent with morphology. Using hypothesis testing, our RP data significantly rejects the annelids affinity, whereas a platyzoan relationship is significantly rejected by the mitochondrial data. Conclusion: We conclude (i) that reliance of a set of markers belonging to a single class of macromolecular complexes might bias the analysis, and (ii) that concatenation of all available data might introduce conflicting signal into phylogenetic analyses. We therefore strongly recommend testing for data incongruence in phylogenomic analyses. Furthermore, judging all available data, we consider the annelid affinity hypothesis more plausible than a possible platyzoan affinity for myzostomids, and suspect long branch attraction is influencing the RP data. However, this hypothesis needs further confirmation by future analyses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchroederBleidornHartmannetal.2009,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Christiane and Bleidorn, Christoph and Hartmann, Stefanie and Tiedemann, Ralph},
  title     = {Occurrence of Can-SINEs and intron sequence evolution supports robust phylogeny of pinniped carnivores and their terrestrial relatives},
  issn      = {0378-1119},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gene.2009.06.012},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Investigating the dog genome we found 178965 introns with a moderate length of 200-1000 bp. A screening of these sequences against 23 different repeat libraries to find insertions of short interspersed elements (SINEs) detected 45276 SINEs. Virtually all of these SINEs (98\%) belong to the tRNA-derived Can-SINE family. Can-SINEs arose about 55 million years ago before Carnivora split into two basal groups, the Caniformia (doglike carnivores) and the Feliformia (cat-like carnivores). Genome comparisons of dog and cat recovered 506 putatively informative SINE loci for caniformian phylogeny. In this study we show how to use such genome information of model organisms to research the phylogeny of related non-model species of interest. Investigating a dataset including representatives of all major caniformian lineages, we analysed 24 randomly chosen loci for 22 taxa. All loci were amplifiable and revealed 17 parsimony- informative SINE insertions. The screening for informative SINE insertions yields a large amount of sequence information, in particular of introns, which contain reliable phylogenetic information as well. A phylogenetic analysis of intron- and SINE sequence data provided a statistically robust phylogeny which is congruent with the absence/presence pattern of our SINE markers. This phylogeny strongly supports a sistergroup relationship of Musteloidea and Pinnipedia. Within Pinnipedia, we see strong support from bootstrapping and the presence of a SINE insertion for a sistergroup relationship of the walrus with the Otariidae.},
  language  = {en}
}