TY - THES A1 - Dall'Aglio, Aldo T1 - Constraining the UV background with the proximity effect T1 - Bestimmung der UV-Hintergrundstrahlung mit Hilfe des proximity effect N2 - After the epoch of reionisation the intergalactic medium (IGM) is kept at a high photoionisation level by the cosmic UV background radiation field. Primarily composed of the integrated contribution of quasars and young star forming galaxies, its intensity is subject to spatial and temporal fluctuations. In particular in the vicinity of luminous quasars, the UV radiation intensity grows by several orders of magnitude. Due to an enhanced UV radiation up to a few Mpc from the quasar, the ionised hydrogen fraction significantly increases and becomes visible as a reduced level of absorption in the HI Lyman alpha (Ly-alpha) forest. This phenomenon is known as the proximity effect and it is the main focus of this thesis. Modelling the influence on the IGM of the quasar radiation, one is able to determine the UV background intensity at a specific frequency (J_nu_0), or equivalently, its photoionisation rate (Gamma_b). This is of crucial importance for both theoretical and observational cosmology. Thus far, the proximity effect has been investigated primarily by combining the signal of large samples of quasars, as it has been regarded as a statistical phenomenon. Only a handful of studies tried to measure its signature on individual lines of sight, albeit focusing on one sight line only. Our aim is to perform a systematic investigation of large samples of quasars searching for the signature of the proximity effect, with a particular emphasis on its detection on individual lines of sight. We begin this survey with a sample of 40 high resolution (R~45000), high signal to noise ratio (S/N~70) quasar spectra at redshift 2.12.3. In spite of the low resolution and limited S/N we detect the proximity effect on about 98\% of the quasars at a high significance level. Thereby we are able to determine the evolution of the UV background photoionisation rate within the redshift range 22.3 aus dem Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fortgefuehrt. Trotz der niedrigen Aufloesung und dem begrenzten S/N detektieren wir den Proximity-Effekt mit einer hohen Signifikanz in etwa 98\% der Sehlinen. Dabei kann die Entwicklung der Photoionisationsrate Gamma_b~1.6x10^{-12} s^{-1} im Rotverschiebungsbereich 2