TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seiß, Martin
A1  - Albers, Nicole
A1  - Sremčević, Miodrag
A1  - Schmidt, Jürgen
A1  - Salo, Heikki
A1  - Seiler, Michael
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Spahn, Frank
T1  - Hydrodynamic Simulations of Moonlet-induced Propellers in Saturn's Rings
BT  - Application to Bleriot
JF  - The astronomical journal
N2  - One of the biggest successes of the Cassini mission is the detection of small moons (moonlets) embedded in Saturns rings that cause S-shaped density structures in their close vicinity, called propellers. Here, we present isothermal hydrodynamic simulations of moonlet-induced propellers in Saturn's A ring that denote a further development of the original model. We find excellent agreement between these new hydrodynamic and corresponding N-body simulations. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic simulations confirm the predicted scaling laws and the analytical solution for the density in the propeller gaps. Finally, this mean field approach allows us to simulate the pattern of the giant propeller Blériot, which is too large to be modeled by direct N-body simulations. Our results are compared to two stellar occultation observations by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS), which intersect the propeller Blériot. Best fits to the UVIS optical depth profiles are achieved for a Hill radius of 590 m, which implies a moonlet diameter of about 860 m. Furthermore, the model favors a kinematic shear viscosity of the surrounding ring material of ν0 = 340 cm2 s−1, a dispersion velocity in the range of 0.3 cm s−1 < c0 < 1.5 cm s−1, and a fairly high bulk viscosity 7 < ξ0/ν0 < 17. These large transport values might be overestimated by our isothermal ring model and should be reviewed by an extended model including thermal fluctuations.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed44
SN  - 0004-6256
SN  - 1538-3881
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Traxler, Juliane
A1  - Hanssen, Marjolein M.
A1  - Lautenbacher, Stefan
A1  - Ottawa, Fabian
A1  - Peters, Madelon L.
T1  - General versus pain-specific cognitions
BT  - Pain catastrophizing but not optimism influences conditioned pain modulation
JF  - European journal of pain
N2  - Background Previous studies found evidence that dispositional optimism is related to lower pain sensitivity. Recent findings suggest that temporarily increasing optimism by means of imagining a positive future may also have pain-alleviating effects. Objectives The present experiment was designed to investigate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a potential underlying mechanism of this pain-alleviating effect of induced optimism. Methods For this purpose, 45 healthy participants were randomized into an optimistic or neutral imagery condition. Additionally, participants completed questionnaires on dispositional optimism, pain catastrophizing and pain expectations. CPM was assessed by delivering a series of five heat pain stimuli on the nondominant hand before and during immersion of the dominant hand in water of 5 degrees C for 70 s. Results A clear CPM effect was found, that is heat pain reports were lower during simultaneous cold water stimulation. Although the optimism manipulation successfully increased optimism, it did not affect pain ratings or CPM. Post hoc analyses indicated that dispositional optimism was not associated with the magnitude of CPM, but pain catastrophizing and pain expectations did significantly correlate with the CPM effect. Conclusion Pain-specific but not general cognitions appear to influence endogenous pain modulation. Significance Conditioned pain modulation is not the underlying mechanism of the pain-alleviating effects of induced optimism. However, pain-specific cognitions including pain catastrophizing and pain expectations affect endogenous pain modulation which should be taken into account in treatment and CPM research.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1294
SN  - 1090-3801
SN  - 1532-2149
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 150
EP  - 159
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barth, Sophia
A1  - Geertsema, Marten
A1  - Bevington, Alexandre R.
A1  - Bird, Alison L.
A1  - Clague, John J.
A1  - Millard, Tom
A1  - Bobrowsky, Peter T.
A1  - Hasler, Andreas
A1  - Liu, Hongjiang
T1  - Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (M-W 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
JF  - Landslides : journal of the International Consortium on Landslides, ICL
N2  - In this paper, we examine the influence of the 27 October 2012, M-w 7.8 earthquake on landslide occurrence in the southern half of Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, Canada. Our 1350 km(2) study area is undisturbed, primarily forested terrain that has not experienced road building or timber harvesting. Our inventory of landslide polygons is based on optical airborne and spaceborne images acquired between 2007 and 2018, from which we extracted and mapped 446 individual landslides (an average of 33 landslides per 100 km(2)). The landslide rate in years without major earthquakes averages 19.4 per year, or 1.4/100 km(2)/year, and the annual average area covered by non-seismically triggered landslides is 35 ha/year. The number of landslides identified in imagery closely following the 2012 earthquake, and probably triggered by it, is 244 or an average of about 18 landslides per 100 km(2). These landslides cover a total area of 461 ha. In the following years-2013-2016 and 2016-2018-the number of landslides fell, respectively, to 26 and 13.5 landslides per year. In non-earthquake years, most landslides happen on south-facing slopes, facing the prevailing winds. In contrast, during or immediately after the earthquake, up to 32% of the landslides occurred on north and northwest-facing slopes. Although we could not find imagery from the day after the earthquake, overview reconnaissance flights 10 and 16 days later showed that most of the landslides were recent, suggesting they were co-seismic.
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Haida Gwaii
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01292-7
SN  - 1612-510X
SN  - 1612-5118
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 517
EP  - 526
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ryo, Masahiro
A1  - Jeschke, Jonathan M.
A1  - Rillig, Matthias C.
A1  - Heger, Tina
T1  - Machine learning with the hierarchy-of-hypotheses (HoH) approach discovers novel pattern in studies on biological invasions
JF  - Research synthesis methods
N2  - Research synthesis on simple yet general hypotheses and ideas is challenging in scientific disciplines studying highly context-dependent systems such as medical, social, and biological sciences. This study shows that machine learning, equation-free statistical modeling of artificial intelligence, is a promising synthesis tool for discovering novel patterns and the source of controversy in a general hypothesis. We apply a decision tree algorithm, assuming that evidence from various contexts can be adequately integrated in a hierarchically nested structure. As a case study, we analyzed 163 articles that studied a prominent hypothesis in invasion biology, the enemy release hypothesis. We explored if any of the nine attributes that classify each study can differentiate conclusions as classification problem. Results corroborated that machine learning can be useful for research synthesis, as the algorithm could detect patterns that had been already focused in previous narrative reviews. Compared with the previous synthesis study that assessed the same evidence collection based on experts' judgement, the algorithm has newly proposed that the studies focusing on Asian regions mostly supported the hypothesis, suggesting that more detailed investigations in these regions can enhance our understanding of the hypothesis. We suggest that machine learning algorithms can be a promising synthesis tool especially where studies (a) reformulate a general hypothesis from different perspectives, (b) use different methods or variables, or (c) report insufficient information for conducting meta-analyses.
KW  - artificial intelligence
KW  - hierarchy-of-hypotheses approach
KW  - machine learning
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - synthesis
KW  - systematic review
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1363
SN  - 1759-2879
SN  - 1759-2887
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 66
EP  - 73
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaub, Tonio
A1  - Klaassen, Raymond H. G.
A1  - Bouten, Willem
A1  - Schlaich, Almut E.
A1  - Koks, Ben J.
T1  - Collision risk of Montagu’s Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high-resolution GPS tracking
JF  - Ibis : the international journal of avian science ; the journal of the British Ornithologists' Union
N2  - Flight behaviour characteristics such as flight altitude and avoidance behaviour determine the species-specific collision risk of birds with wind turbines. However, traditional observational methods exhibit limited positional accuracy. High-resolution GPS telemetry represents a promising method to overcome this drawback. In this study, we used three-dimensional GPS tracking data including high-accuracy tracks recorded at 3-s intervals to investigate the collision risk of breeding male Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus in the Dutch–German border region. Avoidance of wind turbines was quantified by a novel approach comparing observed flights to a null model of random flight behaviour. On average, Montagu's Harriers spent as much as 8.2 h per day in flight. Most flights were at low altitude, with only 7.1% within the average rotor height range (RHR; 45–125 m). Montagu's Harriers showed significant avoidance behaviour, approaching turbines less often than expected, particularly when flying within the RHR (avoidance rate of 93.5%). For the present state, with wind farms situated on the fringes of the regional nesting range, collision risk models based on our new insights on flight behaviour indicated 0.6–2.0 yearly collisions of adult males (as compared with a population size of c. 40 pairs). However, the erection of a new wind farm inside the core breeding area could markedly increase mortality (up to 9.7 yearly collisions). If repowering of the wind farms was carried out using low-reaching modern turbines (RHR 36–150 m), mortality would more than double, whereas it would stay approximately constant if higher turbines (RHR 86–200 m) were used. Our study demonstrates the great potential of high-resolution GPS tracking for collision risk assessments. The resulting information on collision-related flight behaviour allows for performing detailed scenario analyses on wind farm siting and turbine design, in contrast to current environmental assessment practices. With regard to Montagu's Harriers, we conclude that although the deployment of higher wind turbines represents an opportunity to reduce collision risk for this species, precluding wind energy developments in core breeding areas remains the most important mitigation measure.
KW  - avoidance rate
KW  - environmental impact
KW  - flight height
KW  - human-wildlife conflict
KW  - mitigation
KW  - raptors
KW  - renewable energy
KW  - wind energy
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12788
SN  - 0019-1019
SN  - 1474-919X
VL  - 162
IS  - 2
SP  - 520
EP  - 534
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Legacy of the Last Glacial on the present-day distribution of deciduous versus evergreen boreal forests
JF  - Global ecology and biogeography : a journal of macroecology
N2  - Issue Despite their rather similar climatic conditions, eastern Eurasia and northern North America are largely covered by different plant functional types (deciduous or evergreen boreal forest) composed of larch or pine, spruce and fir, respectively. I propose that these deciduous and evergreen boreal forests represent alternative quasi-stable states, triggered by their different northern tree refugia that reflect the different environmental conditions experienced during the Last Glacial. Evidence This view is supported by palaeoecological and environmental evidence. Once established, Asian larch forests are likely to have stabilized through a complex vegetation-fire-permafrost soil-climate feedback system. Conclusion With respect to future forest developments, this implies that Asian larch forests are likely to be governed by long-term trajectories and are therefore largely resistant to natural climate variability on time-scales shorter than millennia. The effects of regional human impact and anthropogenic global warming might, however, cause certain stability thresholds to be crossed, meaning that irreversible transitions occur and resulting in marked consequences for ecosystem services on these human-relevant time-scales.
KW  - boreal forests
KW  - Glacial refugia
KW  - Holocene
KW  - Larix larch
KW  - permafrost ecosystems
KW  - Palaeoecology
KW  - Siberia
KW  - vegetation-climate-fire-soil feedbacks
KW  - vegetation states
KW  - vegetation trajectories
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13018
SN  - 1466-822X
SN  - 1466-8238
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Galbete, Cecilia
A1  - Schwingshackl, Lukas
A1  - Schwedhelm, Carolina
A1  - Boeing, Heiner
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Evaluating Mediterranean diet and risk of chronic disease in cohort studies
BT  - an umbrella review of meta-analyses
JF  - European journal of epidemiology
N2  - Several meta-analyses have been published summarizing the associations of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with chronic diseases. We evaluated the quality and credibility of evidence from these meta-analyses as well as characterized the different indices used to define MedDiet and re-calculated the associations with the different indices identified. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses on cohort studies evaluating the association of the MedDiet with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive-related diseases. We used the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist to evaluate the methodological quality of the meta-analyses, and the NutriGrade scoring system to evaluate the credibility of evidence. We also identified different indices used to define MedDiet; tests for subgroup differences were performed to compare the associations with the different indices when at least 2 studies were available for different definitions. Fourteen publications were identified and within them 27 meta-analyses which were based on 70 primary studies. Almost all meta-analyses reported inverse associations between MedDiet and risk of chronic disease, but the credibility of evidence was rated low to moderate. Moreover, substantial heterogeneity was observed on the use of the indices assessing adherence to the MedDiet, but two indices were the most used ones [Trichopoulou MedDiet (tMedDiet) and alternative MedDiet (aMedDiet)]. Overall, we observed little difference in risk associations comparing different MedDiet indices in the subgroup meta-analyses. Future prospective cohort studies are advised to use more homogenous definitions of the MedDiet to improve the comparability across meta-analyses.
KW  - Mediterranean diet
KW  - Chronic diseases
KW  - Umbrella review
KW  - Meta-analyses
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Heterogeneity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0427-3
SN  - 0393-2990
SN  - 1573-7284
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 909
EP  - 931
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franco-Obregon, Alfredo
A1  - Cambria, Elena
A1  - Greutert, Helen
A1  - Wernas, Timon
A1  - Hitzl, Wolfgang
A1  - Egli, Marcel
A1  - Sekiguchi, Miho
A1  - Boos, Norbert
A1  - Hausmann, Oliver
A1  - Ferguson, Stephen J.
A1  - Kobayashi, Hiroshi
A1  - Würtz-Kozak, Karin
T1  - TRPC6 in simulated microgravity of intervertebral disc cells
JF  - European Spine Journal
N2  - Purpose Prolonged bed rest and microgravity in space cause intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are implicated in mechanosensing of several tissues, but are poorly explored in IVDs. Methods Primary human IVD cells from surgical biopsies composed of both annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (passage 1-2) were exposed to simulated microgravity and to the TRPC channel inhibitor SKF-96365 (SKF) for up to 5days. Proliferative capacity, cell cycle distribution, senescence and TRPC channel expression were analyzed. Results Both simulated microgravity and TRPC channel antagonism reduced the proliferative capacity of IVD cells and induced senescence. While significant changes in cell cycle distributions (reduction in G1 and accumulation in G2/M) were observed upon SKF treatment, the effect was small upon 3days of simulated microgravity. Finally, downregulation of TRPC6 was shown under simulated microgravity. Conclusions Simulated microgravity and TRPC channel inhibition both led to reduced proliferation and increased senescence. Furthermore, simulated microgravity reduced TRPC6 expression. IVD cell senescence and mechanotransduction may hence potentially be regulated by TRPC6 expression. This study thus reveals promising targets for future studies.
KW  - Intervertebral disc
KW  - Simulated microgravity
KW  - Senescence
KW  - TRP channels
KW  - Mechanotransduction
KW  - Gene expression
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5688-8
SN  - 0940-6719
SN  - 1432-0932
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
SP  - 2621
EP  - 2630
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - von Reppert, Alexander
A1  - Willig, Lisa
A1  - Pudell, Jan-Etienne
A1  - Roessle, M.
A1  - Leitenberger, Wolfram
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Ganss, F.
A1  - Hellwig, O.
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Ultrafast laser generated strain in granular and continuous FePt thin films
JF  - Applied physics letters
N2  - We employ ultrafast X-ray diffraction to compare the lattice dynamics of laser-excited continuous and granular FePt films on MgO (100) substrates. Contrary to recent results on free-standing granular films, we observe in both cases a pronounced and long-lasting out-of-plane expansion. We attribute this discrepancy to the in-plane expansion, which is suppressed by symmetry in continuous films. Granular films on substrates are less constrained and already show a reduced out-of-plane contraction. Via the Poisson effect, out-of-plane contractions drive in-plane expansion and vice versa. Consistently, the granular film exhibits a short-lived out-of-plane contraction driven by ultrafast demagnetization which is followed by a reduced and delayed expansion. From the acoustic reflections of the observed strain waves at the film-substrate interface, we extract a 13% reduction of the elastic constants in thin 10 nm FePt films compared to bulk-like samples. (C) 2018 Author(s).
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5050234
SN  - 0003-6951
SN  - 1077-3118
VL  - 113
IS  - 12
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grünthal, Gottfried
A1  - Stromeyer, Dietrich
A1  - Bosse, Christian
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice Pierre
A1  - Bindi, Dino
T1  - The probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Germany-version 2016, considering the range of epistemic uncertainties and aleatory variability
JF  - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2  - The basic seismic load parameters for the upcoming national design regulation for DIN EN 1998-1/NA result from the reassessment of the seismic hazard supported by the German Institution for Civil Engineering (DIBt). This 2016 version of the national seismic hazard assessment for Germany is based on a comprehensive involvement of all accessible uncertainties in models and parameters and includes the provision of a rational framework for integrating ranges of epistemic uncertainties and aleatory variabilities in a comprehensive and transparent way. The developed seismic hazard model incorporates significant improvements over previous versions. It is based on updated and extended databases, it includes robust methods to evolve sets of models representing epistemic uncertainties, and a selection of the latest generation of ground motion prediction equations. The new earthquake model is presented here, which consists of a logic tree with 4040 end branches and essential innovations employed for a realistic approach. The output specifications were designed according to the user oriented needs as suggested by two review teams supervising the entire project. Seismic load parameters, for rock conditions of nu(S30) = 800 m/s, are calculated for three hazard levels (10, 5 and 2% probability of occurrence or exceedance within 50 years) and delivered in the form of uniform hazard spectra, within the spectral period range 0.02-3 s, and seismic hazard maps for peak ground acceleration, spectral response accelerations and for macroseismic intensities. Results are supplied as the mean, the median and the 84th percentile. A broad analysis of resulting uncertainties of calculated seismic load parameters is included. The stability of the hazard maps with respect to previous versions and the cross-border comparison is emphasized.
KW  - Seismic hazard
KW  - Germany
KW  - DIN EN 1998-1/NA
KW  - Seismic load parameters
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0315-y
SN  - 1570-761X
SN  - 1573-1456
VL  - 16
IS  - 10
SP  - 4339
EP  - 4395
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Groop, Per-Henrik
A1  - Cooper, Mark E.
A1  - Perkovic, Vlado
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Kanasaki, Keizo
A1  - Haneda, Masakazu
A1  - Schernthaner, Guntram
A1  - Sharma, Kumar
A1  - Stanton, Robert C.
A1  - Toto, Robert
A1  - Cescutti, Jessica
A1  - Gordat, Maud
A1  - Meinicke, Thomas
A1  - Koitka-Weber, Audrey
A1  - Thiemann, Sandra
A1  - von Eynatten, Maximilian
T1  - Linagliptin and its effects on hyperglycaemia and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction
BT  - the randomized MARLINA-T2D trial
JF  - Diabetes obesity & metabolism : a journal of pharmacology and therapeutics
N2  - Aims: The MARLINA-T2D study (ClinicalTrials. gov, NCT01792518) was designed to investigate the glycaemic and renal effects of linagliptin added to standard-of-care in individuals with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Methods: A total of 360 individuals with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c 6.5% to 10.0% (48-86 mmol/ mol), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >= 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and urinary albumin-tocreatinine ratio (UACR) 30-3000 mg/g despite single agent renin-angiotensin-system blockade were randomized to double-blind linagliptin (n = 182) or placebo (n = 178) for 24 weeks. The primary and key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24 and time-weighted average of percentage change from baseline in UACR over 24 weeks, respectively. Results: Baseline mean HbA1c and geometric mean (gMean) UACR were 7.8% +/- 0.9% (62.2 +/- 9.6 mmol/mol) and 126 mg/g, respectively; 73.7% and 20.3% of participants had microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria, respectively. After 24 weeks, the placebo-adjusted mean change in HbA1c from baseline was -0.60% (-6.6 mmol/mol) (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.78 to -0.43 [-8.5 to -4.7 mmol/mol]; P <.0001). The placebo-adjusted gMean for time-weighted average of percentage change in UACR from baseline was -6.0% (95% CI, -15.0 to 3.0; P =.1954). The adverse-event profile, including renal safety and change in eGFR, was similar between the linagliptin and placebo groups. Conclusions: In individuals at early stages of diabetic kidney disease, linagliptin significantly improved glycaemic control but did not significantly lower albuminuria. There was no significant change in placebo-adjusted eGFR. Detection of clinically relevant renal effects of linagliptin may require longer treatment, as its main experimental effects in animal studies have been to reduce interstitial fibrosis rather than alter glomerular haemodynamics.
KW  - antidiabetic drug
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - diabetic nephropathy
KW  - DPP-IV inhibitor
KW  - glycaemic control
KW  - linagliptin
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13041
SN  - 1462-8902
SN  - 1463-1326
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
SP  - 1610
EP  - 1619
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werno, Martin Witold
A1  - Wilhelmi, Ilka
A1  - Kuropka, Benno
A1  - Ebert, Franziska
A1  - Freund, Christian
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - The GTPase ARFRP1 affects lipid droplet protein composition and triglyceride release from intracellular storage of intestinal Caco-2 cells
JF  - Biochemical and biophysical research communications
N2  - Intestinal release of dietary triglycerides via chylomicrons is the major contributor to elevated postprandial triglyceride levels. Dietary lipids can be transiently stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) located in intestinal enterocytes for later release. ADP ribosylation factor-related protein 1 (ARFRP1) participates in processes of LD growth in adipocytes and in lipidation of lipoproteins in liver and intestine. This study aims to explore the impact of ARFRP1 on LD organization and its interplay with chylomicron-mediated triglyceride release in intestinal-like Caco-2 cells. Suppression of Arfrp1 reduced release of intracellularly derived triglycerides (0.69-fold) and increased the abundance of transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase TERA/VCP, fatty acid synthase-associated factor 2 (FAF2) and perilipin 2 (Plin2) at the LD surface. Furthermore, TERA/VCP and FAF2 co-occurred more frequently with ATGL at LDs, suggesting a reduced adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated lipolysis. Accordingly, inhibition of lipolysis reduced lipid release from intracellular storage pools by the same magnitude as Arfrp1 depletion. Thus, the lack of Arfrp1 increases the abundance of lipolysis-modulating enzymes TERA/VCP, FAF2 and Plin2 at LDs, which might decrease lipolysis and reduce availability of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis and their release via chylomicrons. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
KW  - Chylomicron
KW  - Lipid droplet proteome
KW  - Triglyceride secretion
KW  - Lipolysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.092
SN  - 0006-291X
SN  - 1090-2104
VL  - 506
IS  - 1
SP  - 259
EP  - 265
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hensch, Martin
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Ritter, Joachim
A1  - Heimann, Sebastian
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
A1  - Stange, Stefan
A1  - Lehmann, Klaus
T1  - Deep low-frequency earthquakes reveal ongoing magmatic recharge beneath Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, Germany)
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - The occurrence of deep low-frequency (DLF) microearthquakes beneath volcanoes is commonly attributed to mass transport in the volcanic plumbing system and used to infer feeding channels from and into magma reservoirs. The key question is how magmas migrate from depth to the shallow crust and whether magma reservoirs are currently being recharged. For the first time since the improvement of the local seismic networks in the East Eifel region (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), we detect and locate recurrent DLF earthquakes in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Laacher See Volcano (LSV), using a joint data set of permanent sensors and a temporary deployment. So far, eight DLF earthquake sequences were observed in four distinct clusters between 10 and 40 km depth. These clusters of weak events (M-L< 2) align along an approximately 80. southeast dipping line south of the LSV. Moment tensor solutions of these events have large shear components, and the irregular dispersion and long coda of body waves indicate interaction processes between shear cracks and fluids. We find a rotation of P-axes orientation for shallow tectonic earthquakes compared to DLF events, indicating that the stress field in the depth interval of DLF events might favour a vertical migration of magma or magmatic fluids. The caldera of the LSV was formed by the last major eruption of the East Eifel Volcanic Field only 12.9 kyr ago, fed by a shallow magma chamber at 5-8 km depth and erupting a total magma volume of 6.7 km(3). The observed DLF earthquake activity and continuous volcanic gas emissions around the LSV indicate an active magmatic system, possibly connected with an upper mantle melt zone.
KW  - Waveform inversion
KW  - Volcano seismology
KW  - Magma migration and fragmentation
KW  - Volcano monitoring
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy532
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 216
IS  - 3
SP  - 2025
EP  - 2036
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kayatz, Benjamin
A1  - Baroni, Gabriele
A1  - Hillier, Jon
A1  - Lüdtke, Stefan
A1  - Heathcote, Richard
A1  - Malin, Daniella
A1  - van Tonder, Carl
A1  - Kuster, Benjamin
A1  - Freese, Dirk
A1  - Hüttl, Reinhard
A1  - Wattenbach, Martin
T1  - Cool farm tool water
BT  - A global on-line tool to assess water use in crop production
JF  - Journal of cleaner production
N2  - The agricultural sector accounts for 70% of all water consumption and poses great pressure on ground water resources. Therefore, evaluating agricultural water consumption is highly important as it allows supply chain actors to identify practices which are associated with unsustainable water use, which risk depleting current water resources and impacting future production. However, these assessments are often not feasible for crop producers as data, models and experiments are required in order to conduct them. This work introduces a new on-line agricultural water use assessment tool that provides the water footprint and irrigation requirements at field scale based on an enhanced FAO56 approach combined with a global climate, crop and soil databases. This has been included in the Cool Farm Tool - an online tool which already provides metrics for greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity impacts and therefore allows for a more holistic assessment of environmental sustainability in farming and agricultural supply chains. The model is tested against field scale and state level water footprint data providing good results. The tool provides a practical, reliable way to assess agricultural water use, and offers a means to engage growers and stakeholders in identifying efficient water management practices. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
KW  - Water footprint
KW  - FAO56
KW  - Crop water use
KW  - Stakeholder involvement
KW  - Water resource management
KW  - Irrigation requirements
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 0959-6526
SN  - 1879-1786
VL  - 207
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1179
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vuillemin, Aurele
A1  - Horn, Fabian
A1  - Friese, Andre
A1  - Winkel, Matthias
A1  - Alawi, Mashal
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
A1  - Henny, Cynthia
A1  - Orsi, William D.
A1  - Crowe, Sean A.
A1  - Kallmeyer, Jens
T1  - Metabolic potential of microbial communities from ferruginous sediments
JF  - Environmental microbiology
N2  - Ferruginous (Fe-rich, SO4-poor) conditions are generally restricted to freshwater sediments on Earth today, but were likely widespread during the Archean and Proterozoic Eons. Lake Towuti, Indonesia, is a large ferruginous lake that likely hosts geochemical processes analogous to those that operated in the ferruginous Archean ocean. The metabolic potential of microbial communities and related biogeochemical cycling under such conditions remain largely unknown. We combined geochemical measurements (pore water chemistry, sulfate reduction rates) with metagenomics to link metabolic potential with geochemical processes in the upper 50 cm of sediment. Microbial diversity and quantities of genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction (dsrAB) and methanogenesis (mcrA) decrease with increasing depth, as do rates of potential sulfate reduction. The presence of taxa affiliated with known iron- and sulfate-reducers implies potential use of ferric iron and sulfate as electron acceptors. Pore-water concentrations of acetate imply active production through fermentation. Fermentation likely provides substrates for respiration with iron and sulfate as electron donors and for methanogens that were detected throughout the core. The presence of ANME-1 16S and mcrA genes suggests potential for anaerobic methane oxidation. Overall our data suggest that microbial community metabolism in anoxic ferruginous sediments support coupled Fe, S and C biogeochemical cycling.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14343
SN  - 1462-2912
SN  - 1462-2920
VL  - 20
IS  - 12
SP  - 4297
EP  - 4313
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Asgarimehr, Milad
A1  - Zavorotny, Valery
A1  - Wickert, Jens
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Can GNSS Reflectometry Detect Precipitation Over Oceans?
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - For the first time, a rain signature in Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) observations is demonstrated. Based on the argument that the forward quasi-specular scattering relies upon surface gravity waves with lengths larger than several wavelengths of the reflected signal, a commonly made conclusion is that the scatterometric GNSS-R measurements are not sensitive to the surface small-scale roughness generated by raindrops impinging on the ocean surface. On the contrary, this study presents an evidence that the bistatic radar cross section sigma(0) derived from TechDemoSat-1 data is reduced due to rain at weak winds, lower than approximate to 6 m/s. The decrease is as large as approximate to 0.7 dB at the wind speed of 3 m/s due to a precipitation of 0-2 mm/hr. The simulations based on the recently published scattering theory provide a plausible explanation for this phenomenon which potentially enables the GNSS-R technique to detect precipitation over oceans at low winds.
KW  - GNSS Reflectometry
KW  - rain detection
KW  - rain splash
KW  - TDS-1
KW  - ocean surface
KW  - electromagnetic scattering
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079708
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 45
IS  - 22
SP  - 12585
EP  - 12592
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bufe, Aaron
A1  - Turowski, Jens M.
A1  - Burbank, Douglas W.
A1  - Paola, Chris
A1  - Wickert, Andrew D.
A1  - Tofelde, Stefanie
T1  - Controls on the lateral channel-migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse non-cohesive sediment
JF  - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group
N2  - Lateral movements of alluvial river channels control the extent and reworking rates of alluvial fans, floodplains, deltas, and alluvial sections of bedrock rivers. These lateral movements can occur by gradual channel migration or by sudden changes in channel position (avulsions). Whereas models exist for rates of river avulsion, we lack a detailed understanding of the rates of lateral channel migration on the scale of a channel belt. In a two-step process, we develop here an expression for the lateral migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse, non-cohesive sediment. On the basis of photographic and topographic data from laboratory experiments of braided channels performed under constant external boundary conditions, we first explore the impact of autogenic variations of the channel-system geometry (i.e. channel-bank heights, water depths, channel-system width, and channel slope) on channel-migration rates. In agreement with theoretical expectations, we find that, under such constant boundary conditions, the laterally reworked volume of sediment is constant and lateral channel-migration rates scale inversely with the channel-bank height. Furthermore, when channel-bank heights are accounted for, lateral migration rates are independent of the remaining channel geometry parameters. These constraints allow us, in a second step, to derive two alternative expressions for lateral channel-migration rates under different boundary conditions using dimensional analysis. Fits of a compilation of laboratory experiments to these expressions suggest that, for a given channel bank-height, migration rates are strongly sensitive to water discharges and more weakly sensitive to sediment discharges. In addition, external perturbations, such as changes in sediment and water discharges or base level fall, can indirectly affect lateral channel-migration rates by modulating channel-bank heights.
KW  - braided alluvial rivers
KW  - physical experiments
KW  - channel migration
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4710
SN  - 0197-9337
SN  - 1096-9837
VL  - 44
IS  - 14
SP  - 2823
EP  - 2836
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dietrich, Stefan
A1  - Jacobs, Simone
A1  - Zheng, Ju-Sheng
A1  - Meidtner, Karina
A1  - Schwingshackl, Lukas
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes
BT  - A systematic review
JF  - Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
N2  - The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPAR gamma, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPAR gamma, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNF alpha, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations.
KW  - diet
KW  - gene-lifestyle interaction
KW  - incident type 2 diabetes
KW  - physical activity
KW  - weight loss intervention
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12921
SN  - 1467-7881
SN  - 1467-789X
VL  - 20
IS  - 11
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1571
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tubiana, C.
A1  - Rinaldi, G.
A1  - Guettler, C.
A1  - Snodgrass, C.
A1  - Shi, X.
A1  - Hu, X.
A1  - Marschall, R.
A1  - Fulle, M.
A1  - Bockeele-Morvan, D.
A1  - Naletto, G.
A1  - Capaccioni, F.
A1  - Sierks, H.
A1  - Arnold, G.
A1  - Barucci, M. A.
A1  - Bertaux, J-L
A1  - Bertini, I
A1  - Bodewits, D.
A1  - Capria, M. T.
A1  - Ciarniello, M.
A1  - Cremonese, G.
A1  - Crovisier, J.
A1  - Da Deppo, V
A1  - Debei, S.
A1  - De Cecco, M.
A1  - Deller, J.
A1  - De Sanctis, M. C.
A1  - Davidsson, B.
A1  - Doose, L.
A1  - Erard, S.
A1  - Filacchione, G.
A1  - Fink, U.
A1  - Formisano, M.
A1  - Fornasier, S.
A1  - Gutierrez, P. J.
A1  - Ip, W-H
A1  - Ivanovski, S.
A1  - Kappel, David
A1  - Keller, H. U.
A1  - Kolokolova, L.
A1  - Koschny, D.
A1  - Krueger, H.
A1  - La Forgia, F.
A1  - Lamy, P. L.
A1  - Lara, L. M.
A1  - Lazzarin, M.
A1  - Levasseur-Regourd, A. C.
A1  - Lin, Z-Y
A1  - Longobardo, A.
A1  - Lopez-Moreno, J. J.
A1  - Marzari, F.
A1  - Migliorini, A.
A1  - Mottola, S.
A1  - Rodrigo, R.
A1  - Taylor, F.
A1  - Toth, I
A1  - Zakharov, V
T1  - Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed.
KW  - comets: general
KW  - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
KW  - methods: data analysis
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834869
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 630
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Radchuk, Viktoriia
A1  - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Wilting, Andreas
T1  - Distributions of mammals in Southeast Asia: The role of the legacy of climate and species body mass
JF  - Journal of biogeography
N2  - Aim Current species distributions are shaped by present and past biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed whether abiotic factors (habitat availability) in combination with past connectivity and a biotic factor (body mass) can explain the unique distribution pattern of Southeast Asian mammals, which are separated by the enigmatic biogeographic transition zone, the Isthmus of Kra (IoK), for which no strong geophysical barrier exists. Location Southeast Asia. Taxon Mammals. Methods We projected habitat suitability for 125 mammal species using climate data for the present period and for two historic periods: mid-Holocene (6 ka) and last glacial maximum (LGM 21 ka). Next, we employed a phylogenetic linear model to assess how present species distributions were affected by the suitability of areas in these different periods, habitat connectivity during LGM and species body mass. Results Our results show that cooler climate during LGM provided suitable habitat south of IoK for species presently distributed north of IoK (in mainland Indochina). However, the potentially suitable habitat for these Indochinese species did not stretch very far southwards onto the exposed Sunda Shelf. Instead, we found that the emerged landmasses connecting Borneo and Sumatra provided suitable habitat for forest dependent Sundaic species. We show that for species whose current distribution ranges are mainly located in Indochina, the area of the distribution range that is located south of IoK is explained by the suitability of habitat in the past and present in combination with the species body mass. Main conclusions We demonstrate that a strong geophysical barrier may not be necessary for maintaining a biogeographic transition zone for mammals, but that instead a combination of abiotic and biotic factors may suffice.
KW  - habitat suitability
KW  - Isthmus of Kra
KW  - least-cost path
KW  - PanTHERIA
KW  - phylogenetic regression
KW  - species distribution model
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13675
SN  - 0305-0270
SN  - 1365-2699
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
SP  - 2350
EP  - 2362
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aichner, Bernhard
A1  - Makhmudov, Zafar
A1  - Rajabov, Iljomjon
A1  - Zhang, Qiong
A1  - Pausata, Francesco Salvatore R.
A1  - Werner, Martin
A1  - Heinecke, Liv
A1  - Kuessner, Marie L.
A1  - Feakins, Sarah J.
A1  - Sachse, Dirk
A1  - Mischke, Steffen
T1  - Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation-Evaporation Seasonality Since theLast Glacial Period
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - The Central Asian Pamir Mountains (Pamirs) are a high-altitude region sensitive to climatic change, with only few paleoclimatic records available. To examine the glacial-interglacial hydrological changes in the region, we analyzed the geochemical parameters of a 31-kyr record from Lake Karakul and performed a set of experiments with climate models to interpret the results. delta D values of terrestrial biomarkers showed insolation-driven trends reflecting major shifts of water vapor sources. For aquatic biomarkers, positive delta D shifts driven by changes in precipitation seasonality were observed at ca. 31-30, 28-26, and 17-14 kyr BP. Multiproxy paleoecological data and modelling results suggest that increased water availability, induced by decreased summer evaporation, triggered higher lake levels during those episodes, possibly synchronous to northern hemispheric rapid climate events. We conclude that seasonal changes in precipitation-evaporation balance significantly influenced the hydrological state of a large waterbody such as Lake Karakul, while annual precipitation amount and inflows remained fairly constant.
KW  - climate
KW  - biomarker
KW  - geochemistry
KW  - modelling
KW  - paleoclimate
KW  - hydrology
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085202
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 46
IS  - 23
SP  - 13972
EP  - 13983
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lai, Feili
A1  - Feng, Jianrui
A1  - Heil, Tobias
A1  - Tian, Zhihong
A1  - Schmidt, Johannes
A1  - Wang, Gui-Chang
A1  - Oschatz, Martin
T1  - Partially delocalized charge in Fe-doped NiCo2S4 nanosheet-mesoporous carbon-composites for high-voltage supercapacitors
JF  - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability
N2  - Unraveling the effect of transition-metal doping on the energy storage properties of bimetallic sulfides remains a grand challenge. Herein, we construct bimetallic sulfide nanosheets and hence deliberately introduce transition-metal doping domains on their surface. The resulting materials show not only an enhanced density of states near the Fermi level but also partially delocalized charge as shown by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Fe-doped NiCo2S4 nanosheets wrapped on N,S-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (Fe-NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK-3) are prepared, which show an enhanced specific capacitance of 197.8 F g(-1) in ionic liquid-based supercapacitors at a scan rate of 2 mV s(-1). This is significantly higher as compared to the capacitance of 155.2 and 135.9 F g(-1) of non-iron-doped NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK and Fe-NiCo2S4@CMK-3 electrodes, respectively. This result arises from the enhanced ionic liquid polarization effect and transportation ability from the Fe-NiCo2S4 surface and N,S-CMK-3 structure. Furthermore, the importance of matching multi-dimensional structures and ionic liquid ion sizes in the fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) is demonstrated. As a result, the ASC device exhibits a high energy density of 107.5 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 100 W kg(-1) in a working-voltage window of 4 V when using Fe-NiCo2S4@N,S-CMK-3 and N,S-CMK-3 as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. This work puts forward a new direction to design supercapacitor composite electrodes for efficient ionic liquid coupling.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06250e
SN  - 2050-7488
SN  - 2050-7496
VL  - 7
IS  - 33
SP  - 19342
EP  - 19347
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
A1  - Eppner, Sebastian
T1  - Faire Repräsentation versus klare Richtungsentscheide?
Zur Reform des Wahl- und Regierungssystems


Fair representation versus clear decisions On the reform of the electoral system and form of government
T1  - Fair representation versus clear decisions
On the reform of the electoral system and form of government
JF  - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft
N2  - The increased fragmentation of European party systems and the resulting difficulties of government formation have led to renewed debates about electoral systems. Some authors characterize certain electoral systems as optimal compromises between "proportional" and "majoritarian" conceptions of democracy. We argue that these optimality arguments are biased towards the majoritarian conception. Ambitious proportional conceptions embrace the goals of mechanical proportionality, multidimensional representation and flexible, issue-specific legislative coalitions. However, in parliamentary systems of government these goals cannot be reconciled with majoritarian goals. This is because in parliamentarism the same electoral threshold applies to parliamentary representation and to participation in the vote of non-confidence procedure. The first threshold is crucial for the proportional, the latter for the majoritarian conception of democracy. If we are willing to decouple the two thresholds - and hence change the form of government - new avenues for reform open up. We illustrate our arguments using data for 29 democratic systems between 1995 and 2015.
N2  - Die Fragmentierung europäischer Parteiensysteme und damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten bei der Koalitionsbildung haben zu einer Neuauflage altbekannter Debatten über unterschiedliche Wahlsysteme geführt. Einige Autoren sehen dabei bestimmte Wahlsysteme als optimalen Kompromiss zwischen den Prinzipien der Mehrheits- und der Verhältniswahl an. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Optimalitätsargumente eine konzeptionelle Schlagseite zugunsten „majoritärer“ Demokratiekonzeptionen haben. Eine anspruchsvolle „proportionale“ Demokratiekonzeption umfasst die Ziele mechanischer Proportionalität, multidimensionaler Repräsentation und wechselnder Gesetzgebungsmehrheiten. Diese Ziele lassen sich allerdings im parlamentarischen Regierungssystem nicht mit den Zielen der Mehrheitswahl vereinbaren. Der Grund ist, dass die relevanten Hürden des Wahlsystems gleichzeitig für die parlamentarische Repräsentation und die Teilnahme am Misstrauensvotum gelten. Erstere ist entscheidend für die proportionale, letztere für die majoritäre Konzeption der Demokratie. Sind wir bereit diese beiden Hürden zu entkoppeln – und somit das Regierungssystem zu verändern – ergibt sich eine Vielfalt neuer Reformoptionen. Wir illustrieren diese Punkte mit Daten für 29 demokratische Systeme im Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2015.
KW  - Forms of government
KW  - Types of democracy
KW  - Electoral systems
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-019-00431-7
SN  - 1865-2646
SN  - 1865-2654
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 375
EP  - 397
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Patenaude, Genevieve
A1  - Lautenbach, Sven
A1  - Paterson, James S.
A1  - Locatelli, Tommaso
A1  - Dormann, Carsten F.
A1  - Metzger, Marc J.
A1  - Walz, Ariane
T1  - Breaking the ecosystem services glass ceiling: realising impact
JF  - Regional environmental change
N2  - Through changes in policy and practice, the inherent intent of the ecosystem services (ES) concept is to safeguard ecosystems for human wellbeing. While impact is intrinsic to the concept, little is known about how and whether ES science leads to impact. Evidence of impact is needed. Given the lack of consensus on what constitutes impact, we differentiate between attributional impacts (transitional impacts on policy, practice, awareness or other drivers) and consequential impacts (real, on-the-ground impacts on biodiversity, ES, ecosystem functions and human wellbeing) impacts. We conduct rigorous statistical analyses on three extensive databases for evidence of attributional impact (the form most prevalently reported): the IPBES catalogue (n = 102), the Lautenbach systematic review (n = 504) and a 5-year in-depth survey of the OPERAs Exemplars (n = 13). To understand the drivers of impacts, we statistically analyse associations between study characteristics and impacts. Our findings show that there exists much confusion with regard to defining ES science impacts, and that evidence of attributional impact is scarce: only 25% of the IPBES assessments self-reported impact (7% with evidence); in our meta-analysis of Lautenbach’s systematic review, 33% of studies provided recommendations indicating intent of impacts. Systematic impact reporting was imposed by design on the OPERAs Exemplars: 100% reported impacts, suggesting the importance of formal impact reporting. The generalised linear models and correlations between study characteristics and attributional impact dimensions highlight four characteristics as minimum baseline for impact: study robustness, integration of policy instruments into study design, stakeholder involvement and type of stakeholders involved. Further in depth examination of the OPERAs Exemplars showed that study characteristics associated with impact on awareness and practice differ from those associated with impact on policy: to achieve impact along specific dimensions, bespoke study designs are recommended. These results inform targeted recommendations for ES science to break its impact glass ceiling.
KW  - Ecosystem services
KW  - Impact
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Policy
KW  - Practice
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1434-3
SN  - 1436-3798
SN  - 1436-378X
VL  - 19
IS  - 8
SP  - 2261
EP  - 2274
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wittenbecher, Clemens
A1  - Kuxhaus, Olga
A1  - Boeing, Heiner
A1  - Stefan, Norbert
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Associations of short stature and components of height with incidence of type 2 diabetes
BT  - mediating effects of cardiometabolic risk factors
JF  - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
N2  - Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to evaluate associations of height as well as components of height (sitting height and leg length) with risk of type 2 diabetes and to explore to what extent associations are explainable by liver fat and cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods A case-cohort study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study comprising 26,437 participants who provided blood samples was designed. We randomly selected a subcohort of 2500 individuals (2029 diabetes-free at baseline and with anamnestic, anthropometrical and metabolic data for analysis). Of the 820 incident diabetes cases identified in the full cohort during 7 years of follow-up, 698 remained for analyses after similar exclusions. Results After adjustment for age, potential lifestyle confounders, education and waist circumference, greater height was related to lower diabetes risk (HR per 10 cm, men 0.59 [95% CI 0.47, 0.75] and women 0.67 [0.51, 0.88], respectively). Leg length was related to lower risk among men and women, but only among men if adjusted for total height. Adjustment for liver fat and triacylglycerols, adiponectin and C-reactive protein substantially attenuated associations between height and diabetes risk, particularly among women. Conclusions/interpretation We observed inverse associations between height and risk of type 2 diabetes, which was largely related to leg length among men. The inverse associations may be partly driven by lower liver fat content and a more favourable cardiometabolic profile.
KW  - Adult height
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Diabetes incidence
KW  - Leg length
KW  - Liver fat
KW  - Short stature
KW  - Trunk length
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04978-8
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
VL  - 62
IS  - 12
SP  - 2211
EP  - 2221
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aguado, Felicidad
A1  - Cabalar, Pedro
A1  - Fandiño, Jorge
A1  - Pearce, David
A1  - Perez, Gilberto
A1  - Vidal-Peracho, Concepcion
T1  - Revisiting Explicit Negation in Answer Set Programming
JF  - Theory and practice of logic programming
KW  - Answer set programming
KW  - Non-monotonic reasoning
KW  - Equilibrium logic
KW  - Explicit negation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068419000267
SN  - 1471-0684
SN  - 1475-3081
VL  - 19
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 908
EP  - 924
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albers, Philip
A1  - Üstün, Suayib
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Kraner, Max Erdmund
A1  - Börnke, Frederik
T1  - A Remorin from Nicotiana benthamiana Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1
JF  - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
N2  - The plasma membrane (PM) is at the interface of plant-pathogen interactions and, thus, many bacterial type-III effector (T3E) proteins target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell PM-localized effector protein that has several immunity-associated host targets but also activates effector-triggered immunity in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated PM-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Here, we show that HopZ1a interacts with the PM-associated remorin protein NbREM4 from Nicotiana benthamiana in several independent assays. NbREM4 relocalizes to membrane nanodomains after treatment with the bacterial elicitor flg22 and transient overexpression of NbREM4 in N. benthamiana induces the expression of a subset of defense-related genes. We can further show that NbREM4 interacts with the immune-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase avrPphB-susceptible 1 (PBS1) and is phosphorylated by PBS1 on several residues in vitro. Thus, we conclude that NbREM4 is associated with early defense signaling at the PM. The possible relevance of the HopZ1a-NbREM4 interaction for HopZ1a virulence and avirulence functions is discussed.
KW  - bacterial pathogenesis
KW  - defense signaling pathways
KW  - effectors
KW  - elicitors
KW  - HopZ1a
KW  - MAMPs
KW  - PAMPs
KW  - PBS1
KW  - Pseudomonas syringae
KW  - remorin
KW  - type-3 secretion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-04-19-0105-R
SN  - 0894-0282
SN  - 1943-7706
VL  - 32
IS  - 9
SP  - 1229
EP  - 1242
PB  - Amer phytopathological  SOC
CY  - ST Paul
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seiler, Michael
A1  - Seiß, Martin
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Spahn, Frank
T1  - Hydrodynamic Simulations of Asymmetric Propeller Structures in Saturn's Rings
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Supplement series
N2  - The observation of the non-Keplerian behavior of propeller structures in Saturn's outer A ring raises the question: how does the propeller respond to the wandering of the central embedded moonlet? Here, we study numerically how the structural imprint of the propeller changes for a libration of the moonlet. It turns out that the libration induces an asymmetry in the propeller, which depends on the libration period and amplitude of the moonlet. Further, we study the dependence of the asymmetry on the libration period and amplitude for a moonlet with a 400 m Hill radius, which is located in the outer A ring. This allows us to apply our findings to the largest known propeller Blériot, which is expected to be of a similar size. For Blériot, we can conclude that, supposing the moonlet is librating with the largest observed period of 11.1 yr and an azimuthal amplitude of about 1845 km, a small asymmetry should be measurable but depends on the moonlet's libration phase at the observation time. The longitude residuals of other trans-Encke propellers (e.g., Earhart) show amplitudes similar to Blériot, which might allow us to observe larger asymmetries due to their smaller azimuthal extent, allowing us to scan the whole gap structure for asymmetries in one observation. Although the librational model of the moonlet is a simplification, our results are a first step toward the development of a consistent model for the description of the formation of asymmetric propellers caused by a freely moving moonlet.
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (Saturn)
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab26b0
SN  - 0067-0049
SN  - 1538-4365
VL  - 243
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Botzen, W. J. Wouter
T1  - Cost-benefit analysis of flood-zoning policies: A review of current practice
JF  - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Water
N2  - One commonly proposed method to limit flood risk is land-use or zoning policies which regulates construction in high-risk areas, in order to reduce economic exposure and its vulnerability to flood events. Although such zoning regulations can be effective in limiting trends in flood risk, they also have adverse impacts on society, for instance by limiting local development of areas near the water. In order to judge whether proposed land-use or zoning policies are a net benefit to society, they should be accepted or rejected based on a societal cost-benefit analysis (CBA). However, conducting a CBA of zoning regulation is complex and comprehensive guidelines of how to do such an analysis are lacking. We offer guidelines for good practice. In order to assess the costs and benefits of zoning as a climate change adaption strategy, they should be assessed at a societal level in order to account for public good features of flood risk reduction strategies, and because costs in one area can be benefits in another region. We propose a multistep process: first, determine the spatial extent of the zoning policy and how interconnected the zoned area is to other locations; second, conduct a CBA using monetary costs and benefits estimated from an integrated hydro-economic model to investigate if total benefits exceed total costs; third, conduct a sensitivity analysis regarding the main assumptions; fourth, conduct a multicriteria analysis (MCA) of the normative outcomes of a zoning policy. A desirable policy is preferred in both the CBA and MCA. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Human Water > Value of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes Human Water > Methods
KW  - climate change adaptation
KW  - cost-benefit analysis
KW  - flood
KW  - risk reduction
KW  - spatial planning
KW  - zoning
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1387
SN  - 2049-1948
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dyck, Johannes
A1  - Giese, Holger
A1  - Lambers, Leen
T1  - Automatic verification of behavior preservation at the transformation level for relational model transformation
JF  - Software and systems modeling
N2  - The correctness of model transformations is a crucial element for model-driven engineering of high-quality software. In particular, behavior preservation is an important correctness property avoiding the introduction of semantic errors during the model-driven engineering process. Behavior preservation verification techniques show some kind of behavioral equivalence or refinement between source and target model of the transformation. Automatic tool support is available for verifying behavior preservation at the instance level, i.e., for a given source and target model specified by the model transformation. However, until now there is no sound and automatic verification approach available at the transformation level, i.e., for all source and target models. In this article, we extend our results presented in earlier work (Giese and Lambers, in: Ehrig et al (eds) Graph transformations, Springer, Berlin, 2012) and outline a new transformation-level approach for the sound and automatic verification of behavior preservation captured by bisimulation resp.simulation for outplace model transformations specified by triple graph grammars and semantic definitions given by graph transformation rules. In particular, we first show how behavior preservation can be modeled in a symbolic manner at the transformation level and then describe that transformation-level verification of behavior preservation can be reduced to invariant checking of suitable conditions for graph transformations. We demonstrate that the resulting checking problem can be addressed by our own invariant checker for an example of a transformation between sequence charts and communicating automata.
KW  - Relational model transformation
KW  - Formal verification of behavior preservation
KW  - Behavioral equivalence and refinement
KW  - Bisimulation and simulation
KW  - Graph transformation
KW  - Triple graph grammars
KW  - Invariant checking
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-018-00706-9
SN  - 1619-1366
SN  - 1619-1374
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
SP  - 2937
EP  - 2972
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heim, Olga
A1  - Puisto, Anna I. E.
A1  - Fukui, Dai
A1  - Vesterinen, Eero J.
T1  - Molecular evidence of bird-eating behavior in Nyctalus aviator
JF  - Acta ethologica
N2  - Insectivorous bats consume a large variety of food items. Previous observations of feathers found in feces led to the hypothesis that the birdlike noctule (Nyctalus aviator, Vespertilionidae) could prey on birds. To test the hypothesis, we analyzed fecal samples from six species (Barbastella pacifica, Murina hilgendorfi, Myotis frater, N. aviator, Plecotus sacrimontis, and Vespertilio sinensis) collected from central Hokkaido, Japan, via DNA barcoding. We identified the presence of the Middendorff’s grasshopper warbler (Locustella ochotensis) in the diet of a pregnant individual of N. aviator. All the other samples proved negative regarding bird prey DNA. This is the first time that the consumption of a bird by N. aviator is confirmed with molecular evidence. Our findings add invaluable insight into the diet of this bat and its potentially opportunistic foraging behavior.
KW  - Nyctalus aviator
KW  - Locustella ochotensis
KW  - Bird prey
KW  - DNA barcoding
KW  - Sanger sequencing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-019-00319-5
SN  - 0873-9749
SN  - 1437-9546
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
SP  - 223
EP  - 226
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McKibbin, Seann J.
A1  - Pittarello, Lidia
A1  - Makarona, Christina
A1  - Hamann, Christopher
A1  - Hecht, Lutz
A1  - Chernonozhkin, Stepan M.
A1  - Goderis, Steven
A1  - Claeys, Philippe
T1  - Petrogenesis of main group pallasite meteorites based on relationships among texture, mineralogy, and geochemistry
JF  - Meteoritics & planetary science : journal of the Meteoritical Society
N2  - Main group pallasite meteorites are samples of a single early magmatic planetesimal, dominated by metal and olivine but containing accessory chromite, sulfide, phosphide, phosphates, and rare phosphoran olivine. They represent mixtures of core and mantle materials, but the environment of formation is poorly understood, with a quiescent core-mantle boundary, violent core-mantle mixture, or surface mixture all recently suggested. Here, we review main group pallasite data sets and petrologic characteristics, and present new observations on the low-MnO pallasite Brahin that contains abundant fragmental olivine, but also rounded and angular olivine and potential evidence of sulfide-phosphide liquid immiscibility. A reassessment of the literature shows that low-MnO and high-FeO subgroups preferentially host rounded olivine and low-temperature P2O5-rich phases such as the Mg-phosphate farringtonite and phosphoran olivine. These phases form after metal and silicate reservoirs back-react during decreasing temperature after initial separation, resulting in oxidation of phosphorus and chromium. Farringtonite and phosphoran olivine have not been found in the common subgroup PMG, which are mechanical mixtures of olivine, chromite with moderate Al2O3 contents, primitive solid metal, and evolved liquid metal. Lower concentrations of Mn in olivine of the low-MnO PMG subgroup, and high concentrations of Mn in low-Al2O3 chromites, trace the development and escape of sulfide-rich melt in pallasites and the partially chalcophile behavior for Mn in this environment. Pallasites with rounded olivine indicate that the core-mantle boundary of their planetesimal may not be a simple interface but rather a volume in which interactions between metal, silicate, and other components occur.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13392
SN  - 1086-9379
SN  - 1945-5100
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
SP  - 2814
EP  - 2844
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Teomy, Eial
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Transport in exclusion processes with one-step memory: density dependence and optimal acceleration
JF  - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical
N2  - We study a lattice gas of persistent walkers, in which each site is occupied by at most one particle and the direction each particle attempts to move to depends on its last step. We analyse the mean squared displacement (MSD) of the particles as a function of the particle density and their persistence (the tendency to continue moving in the same direction). For positive persistence the MSD behaves as expected: it increases with the persistence and decreases with the density. However, for strong anti-persistence we find two different regimes, in which the dependence of the MSD on the density is non-monotonic. For very strong anti-persistence there is an optimal density at which the MSD reaches a maximum. In an intermediate regime, the MSD as a function of the density exhibits both a minimum and a maximum, a phenomenon which has not been observed before. We derive a mean-field theory which qualitatively explains this behaviour.
KW  - exclusion process
KW  - persistence
KW  - lattice gas
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ab37e4
SN  - 1751-8113
SN  - 1751-8121
VL  - 52
IS  - 38
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fudickar, Werner
A1  - Metz, Melanie
A1  - Mai-Linde, Yasemin
A1  - Krüger, Tobias
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Influence of functional groups on the ene reaction of singlet oxygen with 1,4-cyclohexadienes
JF  - Photochemistry and photobiology : the official journal of the American Society for Photobiology
N2  - The photooxygenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes has been studied with a special focus on regio- and stereoselectivities. In all examples, only the methyl-substituted double bond undergoes an ene reaction with singlet oxygen, to afford hydroperoxides in moderate to good yields. We explain the high regioselectivities by a "large-group effect" of the adjacent quaternary stereocenter. Nitriles decrease the reactivity of singlet oxygen, presumably by quenching, but can stabilize proposed per-epoxide intermediates by polar interactions resulting in different stereoselectivities. Spiro lactams and lactones show an interesting effect on regio- and stereoselectivities of the ene reactions. Thus, singlet oxygen attacks the double bond preferentially anti to the carbonyl group, affording only one regioisomeric hydroperoxide. If the reaction occurs from the opposite face, the other regioisomer is exclusively formed by severe electrostatic repulsion in a perepoxide intermediate. We explain this unusual behavior by the fixed geometry of spiro compounds and call it a "spiro effect" in singlet oxygen ene reactions.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13422
SN  - 0031-8655
SN  - 1751-1097
VL  - 97
IS  - 6
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1297
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Malden, Mass.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hein, Johannes
T1  - Verb movement and the lack of verb-doubling VP topicalization in Germanic
JF  - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics
N2  - In the absence of a stranded auxiliary or modal, VP-topicalization in most Germanic languages gives rise to the presence of a dummy verb meaning 'do'. Cross-linguistically, this is a rather uncommon strategy as comparable VP-fronting constructions in other languages, e.g. Hebrew, Polish, and Portuguese, among many others, exhibit verb doubling. A comparison of several recent approaches to verb doubling in VP-fronting reveals that it is the consequence of VP-evacuating head movement of the verb to some higher functional head, which saves the (low copy of the) verb from undergoing copy deletion as part of the low VP copy in the VP-topicalization dependency. Given that almost all Germanic languages have such V-salvaging head movement, namely V-to-C movement, but do not show verb doubling, this paper suggests that V-raising is exceptionally impossible in VP-topicalization clauses and addresses the question of why it is blocked. After discussing and rejecting some conceivable explanations for the lack of verb doubling, I propose that the blocking effect arises from a bleeding interaction between V-to-C movement and VP-to-SpecCP movement. As both operations are triggered by the same head, i.e. C, the VP is always encountered first by a downward search algorithm. Movement of VP then freezes it and its lower copies for subextraction precluding subsequent V-raising. Crucially, this implies that there is no V-to-T raising in most Germanic languages. V2 languages with V-to-T raising, e.g. Yiddish, are correctly predicted to not exhibit the blocking effect.
KW  - Verb doubling
KW  - Head movement
KW  - VP-topicalization
KW  - Copy deletion
KW  - V-to-T
KW  - movement
KW  - V-to-C movement
KW  - Verb second
KW  - Freezing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-021-09125-5
SN  - 1383-4924
SN  - 1572-8552
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 89
EP  - 144
PB  - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amatuzzi, Antonella
A1  - Ayres-Bennett, Wendy
A1  - Gerstenberg, Annette
A1  - Schosler, Lene
A1  - Skupien-Dekens, Carine
T1  - Changement linguistique et périodisation du français (pré)classique
BT  - deux études de cas à partir des corpus du RCFC
JF  - Journal of French language studies
N2  - RESUME Cette etude propose d'explorer et d'identifier des moments particuliers oU le changement linguistique se produit, afin de confirmer ou de rejeter l'idee d'une periode specifique designee par le terme << francais preclassique >>, avec une rupture - ou frontiere chronolectale - detectable autour de 1630 (cf. Ayres-Bennett et Caron, 2016). Afin de verifier dans quelle mesure cette chronologie peut etre confirmee, il est necessaire de multiplier des analyses fines et pointues sur des traits linguistiques qui ont subi des changements a l'epoque en question et d'interroger une gamme de textes qui refletent la variation discursive et pragmatique, au lieu de consulter le canon des traditions textuelles actuellement disponibles sur des bases numerisees, qui sont essentiellement litteraires. C'est pourquoi nous avons consulte des sources de nature differente, qui pourraient attester des usages emergents, a savoir les corpus du Reseau Corpus Francais Preclassique et Classique (RCFC). Seront presentes les resultats de deux etudes de cas (la recategorisation des formes dedans/dessous/dessus/dehors et la montee des clitiques), abondamment discutes par les remarqueurs.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959269520000058
SN  - 0959-2695
SN  - 1474-0079
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
SP  - 301
EP  - 326
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kastius, Alexander
A1  - Schlosser, Rainer
T1  - Dynamic pricing under competition using reinforcement learning
JF  - Journal of revenue and pricing management
N2  - Dynamic pricing is considered a possibility to gain an advantage over competitors in modern online markets. The past advancements in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provided more capable algorithms that can be used to solve pricing problems. In this paper, we study the performance of Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Soft Actor Critic (SAC) in different market models. We consider tractable duopoly settings, where optimal solutions derived by dynamic programming techniques can be used for verification, as well as oligopoly settings, which are usually intractable due to the curse of dimensionality. We find that both algorithms provide reasonable results, while SAC performs better than DQN. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions, RL algorithms can be forced into collusion by their competitors without direct communication.
KW  - Dynamic pricing
KW  - Competition
KW  - Reinforcement learning
KW  - E-commerce
KW  - Price collusion
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41272-021-00285-3
SN  - 1476-6930
SN  - 1477-657X
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
PB  - Springer Nature Switzerland AG
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jonas, Wenke
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - Genetic and epigenetic factors determining NAFLD risk
JF  - Molecular metabolism
N2  - Background: Hepatic steatosis is a common chronic liver disease that can progress into more severe stages of NAFLD or promote the development of life-threatening secondary diseases for some of those affected. These include the liver itself (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH; fibrosis and cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) or other organs such as the vessels and the heart (cardiovascular disease) or the islets of Langerhans (type 2 diabetes). In addition to elevated caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic predisposition contribute to the development of NAFLD and the secondary diseases. Scope of review: We present data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional studies in rodents which describe polymorphisms identified in genes relevant for the disease as well as changes caused by altered DNA methylation and gene regulation via specific miRNAs. The review also provides information on the current status of the use of genetic and epigenetic factors as risk markers. Major conclusion: With our overview we provide an insight into the genetic and epigenetic landscape of NAFLD and argue about the applicability of currently defined risk scores for risk stratification and conclude that further efforts are needed to make the scores more usable and meaningful.
KW  - NAFLD
KW  - genetic variants
KW  - epigenetics
KW  - risk score
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101111
SN  - 2212-8778
VL  - 50
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seyfried, Markus
A1  - Ansmann, Moritz
A1  - Pohlenz, Philipp
T1  - Institutional isomorphism, entrepreneurship and effectiveness
BT  - the adoption and implementation of quality management in teaching and learning in Germany
JF  - Tertiary Education and Management
N2  - This paper presents empirical evidence on the adoption, implementation and the perceived effectiveness of quality management in teaching and learning in German higher education institutions. Theoretically, the article combines two new institutionalist approaches: institutional isomorphism and institutional entrepreneurship. Empirically, the study refers to qualitative interview data and quantitative survey data. The analysis reveals that isomorphism is a leading driver behind the adoption of quality management in German higher education institutions, whereas institutional entrepreneurship plays an important role in quality management implementation. While isomorphism can be regarded as a conclusive reason behind the absence of a perception of quality management’s effectiveness, institutional entrepreneurship may function as a corrective towards the overall negative impact of isomorphic conformity by institutionalizing quality management in a sustainable manner.
KW  - Higher education
KW  - Quality management
KW  - Quality assurance
KW  - New institutionalism
KW  - Isomorphism
KW  - Institutional entrepreneurship
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09022-3
SN  - 1358-3883
SN  - 1573-1936
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 115
EP  - 129
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vogel, Heike
A1  - Kamitz, Anne
A1  - Hallahan, Nicole
A1  - Lebek, Sandra
A1  - Schallschmidt, Tanja
A1  - Jonas, Wenke
A1  - Jähnert, Markus
A1  - Gottmann, Pascal
A1  - Zellner, Lisa
A1  - Kanzleiter, Timo
A1  - Damen, Mareike
A1  - Altenhofen, Delsi
A1  - Burkhardt, Ralph
A1  - Renner, Simone
A1  - Dahlhoff, Maik
A1  - Wolf, Eckhard
A1  - Müller, Timo Dirk
A1  - Blüher, Matthias
A1  - Joost, Hans-Georg
A1  - Chadt, Alexandra
A1  - Al-Hasani, Hadi
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
T1  - A collective diabetes cross in combination with a computational framework to dissect the genetics of human obesity and Type 2 diabetes
JF  - Human molecular genetics
N2  - To explore the genetic determinants of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) conducted crossbreedings of the obese and diabetes-prone New Zealand Obese mouse strain with four different lean strains (B6, DBA, C3H, 129P2) that vary in their susceptibility to develop T2D. Genome-wide linkage analyses localized more than 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity, 190 QTL for diabetes-related traits and 100 QTL for plasma metabolites in the out-cross populations. A computational framework was developed that allowed to refine critical regions and to nominate a small number of candidate genes by integrating reciprocal haplotype mapping and transcriptome data. The efficiency of the complex procedure was demonstrated for one obesity QTL. The genomic interval of 35 Mb with 502 annotated candidate genes was narrowed down to six candidates. Accordingly, congenic mice retained the obesity phenotype owing to an interval that contains three of the six candidate genes. Among these the phospholipase PLA2G4A exhibited an elevated expression in adipose tissue of obese human subjects and is therefore a critical regulator of the obesity locus. Together, our broad and complex approach demonstrates that combined- and comparative-cross analysis exhibits improved mapping resolution and represents a valid tool for the identification of disease genes.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddy217
SN  - 0964-6906
SN  - 1460-2083
VL  - 27
IS  - 17
SP  - 3099
EP  - 3112
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarze, Thomas
T1  - Determination of Pd2+ by fluorescence enhancement caused by an off-switching of an energy- and an electron transfer
JF  - ChemistrySelect
N2  - In this paper, we introduce a fluorescent dye 1, which is able to detect selectively Pd2+ by a clear fluorescence enhancement (FE) in THF. In the presence of eight Pd2+ equivalents, we observed a fluorescence enhancement factor (FEF) of 28.3. The high Pd2+ induced FEF can be explained by an off switching of multiple quenching processes within 1 by Pd2+. In the free dye 1 a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (ET) takes place and quenches the anthracenic fluorescence. The coordination of eight Pd2+ units by the alkylthio-substituted porphyrazine receptor suppresses the PET and ET quenching process and the anthracenic fluorescence is switched on.
KW  - Palladium ion
KW  - electron transfer
KW  - energy transfer
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - porphyrazine
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003975
SN  - 2365-6549
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 318
EP  - 322
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kalczewiak, Mariusz
T1  - Yiddish Buenos Aires and the struggle to leave the margins
JF  - East European Jewish affairs
N2  - Yiddish culture developed in Argentina within the context of a self-perception that figured Buenos Aires as a marginal and peripheral locale on the global Yiddish map. Against this backdrop, Argentine Yiddish culturalists argued for the strengthening of local Yiddish culture with a goal of elevating Buenos Aires's status within the international hierarchies of Yiddish culture. Buenos Aires indeed emerged in the 1920s as a producer of Yiddish cultural contents, maintained networks of international cultural contacts with other Yiddish centers, financially supported Eastern European Yiddish establishments, and hoped that these contacts would allow for solving Buenos Aires reputation problems. The pre-World War II preoccupation with the status of Buenos Aires as a center of Yiddish culture provided a basis upon which post-Holocaust discourse of Argentine Jewish responsibility for the maintenance of Yiddish culture was constructed.
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Buenos Aires
KW  - marginality
KW  - peripherality
KW  - Yiddish culturalism
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774275
SN  - 1350-1674
SN  - 1743-971X
VL  - 50
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 115
EP  - 133
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
A1  - Jessen, Anna
T1  - Morphological generalization in bilingual language production
BT  - age of acquisition determines variability
JF  - Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics
N2  - Morphological variability in bilingual language production is widely attested. Producing inflected words has been found to be less reliable and consistent in bilinguals than in first-language (functionally monolingual) L1 speakers, even for bilingual speakers at advanced proficiency levels. The sources for these differences are not well understood. The current study presents a detailed investigation of morphological generalization processes in bilingual speakers' language production. We examined past participle formation of German using an elicited-production experiment containing nonce verbs with varying degrees of similarity to existing verbs testing a large group of bilingual Turkish/German speakers relative to L1 German speakers. We compared similarity-based lexical extensions with generalizations of morphological rules. The results show that rule-based generalizations are used less often and more variably within the bilingual group than within the L1 group. Our results also show a selective effect of age of acquisition on the bilingual speakers' morphological generalizations.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2021.1910267
SN  - 1048-9223
SN  - 1532-7817
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 370
EP  - 386
PB  - Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marschall, Raphael
A1  - Skorov, Yuri
A1  - Zakharov, Vladimir
A1  - Rezac, Ladislav
A1  - Gerig, Selina-Barbara
A1  - Christou, Chariton
A1  - Dadzie, S. Kokou
A1  - Migliorini, Alessandra
A1  - Rinaldi, Giovanna
A1  - Agarwal, Jessica
A1  - Vincent, Jean-Baptiste
A1  - Kappel, David
T1  - Cometary comae-surface links the physics of gas and dust from the surface to a spacecraft
JF  - Space science reviews
N2  - A comet is a highly dynamic object, undergoing a permanent state of change. These changes have to be carefully classified and considered according to their intrinsic temporal and spatial scales. The Rosetta mission has, through its contiguous in-situ and remote sensing coverage of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) over the time span of August 2014 to September 2016, monitored the emergence, culmination, and winding down of the gas and dust comae. This provided an unprecedented data set and has spurred a large effort to connect in-situ and remote sensing measurements to the surface. In this review, we address our current understanding of cometary activity and the challenges involved when linking comae data to the surface. We give the current state of research by describing what we know about the physical processes involved from the surface to a few tens of kilometres above it with respect to the gas and dust emission from cometary nuclei. Further, we describe how complex multidimensional cometary gas and dust models have developed from the Halley encounter of 1986 to today. This includes the study of inhomogeneous outgassing and determination of the gas and dust production rates. Additionally, the different approaches used and results obtained to link coma data to the surface will be discussed. We discuss forward and inversion models and we describe the limitations of the respective approaches. The current literature suggests that there does not seem to be a single uniform process behind cometary activity. Rather, activity seems to be the consequence of a variety of erosion processes, including the sublimation of both water ice and more volatile material, but possibly also more exotic processes such as fracture and cliff erosion under thermal and mechanical stress, sub-surface heat storage, and a complex interplay of these processes. Seasons and the nucleus shape are key factors for the distribution and temporal evolution of activity and imply that the heliocentric evolution of activity can be highly individual for every comet, and generalisations can be misleading.
KW  - comets
KW  - coma
KW  - gas
KW  - dust
KW  - dynamics
KW  - modelling
KW  - inversion
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00744-0
SN  - 0038-6308
SN  - 1572-9672
VL  - 216
IS  - 8
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabovsky, Milena
T1  - Change in a probabilistic representation of meaning can account for N400 effects on articles
BT  - a neural network model
JF  - Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience
N2  - Increased N400 amplitudes on indefinite articles (a/an) incompatible with expected nouns have been initially taken as strong evidence for probabilistic pre-activation of phonological word forms, and recently been intensely debated because they have been difficult to replicate. Here, these effects are simulated using a neural network model of sentence comprehension that we previously used to simulate a broad range of empirical N400 effects. The model produces the effects when the cue validity of the articles concerning upcoming noun meaning in the learning environment is high, but fails to produce the effects when the cue validity of the articles is low due to adjectives presented between articles and nouns during training. These simulations provide insight into one of the factors potentially contributing to the small size of the effects in empirical studies and generate predictions for cross-linguistic differences in article induced N400 effects based on articles’ cue validity. The model accounts for article induced N400 effects without assuming pre-activation of word forms, and instead simulates these effects as the stimulus-induced change in a probabilistic representation of meaning corresponding to an implicit semantic prediction error.
KW  - N400
KW  - ERPs
KW  - prediction
KW  - neural networks
KW  - cue validity
KW  - meaning
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107466
SN  - 0028-3932
SN  - 1873-3514
VL  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars?
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000397
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 24
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Neufeld, Maria
A1  - Bobrova, Anastacia
A1  - Davletov, Kairat
A1  - Stelemekas, Mindaugas
A1  - Stoppel, Relika
A1  - Ferreira-Borges, Carina
A1  - Breda, Joao
A1  - Rehm, Jürgen
T1  - Alcohol control policies in Former Soviet Union countries
BT  - a narrative review of three decades of policy changes and their apparent effects
JF  - Drug and alcohol review
N2  - Issues The last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign of 1985 resulted in considerably reduced alcohol consumption and saved thousands of lives. But once the campaign's policies were abandoned and the Soviet alcohol monopoly broken up, a steep rise in mortality was observed in many of the newly formed successor countries, although some kept their monopolies. Almost 30 years after the campaign's end, the region faces diverse challenges in relation to alcohol. 
Approach The present narrative review sheds light on recent drinking trends and alcohol policy developments in the 15 Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, highlighting the most important setbacks, achievements and best practices. Vignettes of alcohol control policies in Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania and Uzbekistan are presented to illustrate the recent developments. <br /> Key Findings Over the past decade, drinking levels have declined in almost all FSU countries, paralleled by the introduction of various alcohol-control measures. The so-called three 'best buys' put forward by the World Health Organization to reduce alcohol-attributable burden (taxation and other measures to increase price, restrictions on alcohol availability and marketing) are relatively well implemented across the countries. 
Implications In recent years, evidence-based alcohol policies have been actively implemented as a response to the enormous alcohol-attributable burden in many of the countries, although there is big variance across and within different jurisdictions.
Conclusion Strong declines in alcohol consumption were observed in the 15 FSU countries, which have introduced various alcohol control measures in recent years, resulting in a reduction of alcohol consumption in the World Health Organization European region overall.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - alcohol policy
KW  - Eastern Europe
KW  - Former Soviet Union
KW  - mortality
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13204
SN  - 0959-5236
SN  - 1465-3362
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 350
EP  - 367
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Simply too much
BT  - The extent to which weight bias internalization results in a higher risk of eating disorders and psychosocial problems
JF  - Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity
N2  - Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.
KW  - Weight bias internalization
KW  - Self-stigmatization
KW  - Children
KW  - ROC
KW  - Mental
KW  - health
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z
SN  - 1590-1262
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 317
EP  - 324
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrero, Silvio
A1  - Angel, Ross J.
T1  - Micropetrology
BT  - Are Inclusions Grains of Truth?
JF  - Journal of petrology
N2  - Inclusions in minerals, whether fluids, melts or crystalline phases, are small pieces of the large-scale puzzle of Nature, time-consuming to investigate and often of difficult interpretation. Yet they are windows into the past of their host mineral. Mineral inclusions provide the opportunity to unravel the genesis of their host, and the increasingly refined understanding of their elastic behaviour provides the basis for alternative, equilibrium-independent geobarometry. Fluid and melt inclusions reveal information about material transfer in the Earth system, from shallow mineralization to mantle re-fertilization via subduction. The study of inclusions is thus one of the most intriguing and fertile branches of micropetrology. In this contribution, we focus on two recent developments: the use of elasticity models to extract the formation conditions of the host crystal, and the discovery and investigation of melt inclusions in metamorphic rocks. We also discuss how to evaluate the information provided by inclusions, given that they are no longer at the pressure and temperature conditions of entrapment. We discuss how to understand and quantify the changes undergone during cooling and depressurization, and how metastability-related phenomena in inclusions, such as crystallization of rare polymorphs and preservation of the original content of volatiles in fluid and melt inclusions, provide direct evidence that inclusions represent closed systems. The field of study of inclusions in minerals still has a largely untapped potential. The most fruitful avenues for future research will emerge from continuous technological innovation in analytical and imaging techniques, the application of experimental petrology, and the development and application of new theoretical models for coupled mineral behaviour under changing P-T conditions.
KW  - inclusions
KW  - nanogranitoids
KW  - polymorphs
KW  - elastic geobarometry
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy075
SN  - 0022-3530
SN  - 1460-2415
VL  - 59
IS  - 9
SP  - 1671
EP  - 1700
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Farhy, Yael
A1  - Veríssimo, Joao Marques
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Universal and particular in morphological processing
BT  - evidence from Hebrew
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Do properties of individual languages shape the mechanisms by which they are processed? By virtue of their non-concatenative morphological structure, the recognition of complex words in Semitic languages has been argued to rely strongly on morphological information and on decomposition into root and pattern constituents. Here, we report results from a masked priming experiment in Hebrew in which we contrasted verb forms belonging to two morphological classes, Paal and Piel, which display similar properties, but crucially differ on whether they are extended to novel verbs. Verbs from the open-class Piel elicited familiar root priming effects, but verbs from the closed-class Paal did not. Our findings indicate that, similarly to other (e.g., Indo-European) languages, down-to-the-root decomposition in Hebrew does not apply to stems of non-productive verbal classes. We conclude that the Semitic word processor is less unique than previously thought: Although it operates on morphological units that are combined in a non-linear way, it engages the same universal mechanisms of storage and computation as those seen in other languages.
KW  - Language universals
KW  - morphology
KW  - priming
KW  - Semitic
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310917
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1133
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baier, Thomas
A1  - Di Ciccio, Claudio
A1  - Mendling, Jan
A1  - Weske, Mathias
T1  - Matching events and activities by integrating behavioral aspects and label analysis
JF  - Software and systems modeling
N2  - Nowadays, business processes are increasingly supported by IT services that produce massive amounts of event data during the execution of a process. These event data can be used to analyze the process using process mining techniques to discover the real process, measure conformance to a given process model, or to enhance existing models with performance information. Mapping the produced events to activities of a given process model is essential for conformance checking, annotation and understanding of process mining results. In order to accomplish this mapping with low manual effort, we developed a semi-automatic approach that maps events to activities using insights from behavioral analysis and label analysis. The approach extracts Declare constraints from both the log and the model to build matching constraints to efficiently reduce the number of possible mappings. These mappings are further reduced using techniques from natural language processing, which allow for a matching based on labels and external knowledge sources. The evaluation with synthetic and real-life data demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach and its robustness toward non-conforming execution logs.
KW  - Process mining
KW  - Event mapping
KW  - Business process intelligence
KW  - Constraint satisfaction
KW  - Declare
KW  - Natural language processing
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-017-0603-z
SN  - 1619-1366
SN  - 1619-1374
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 573
EP  - 598
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ganghof, Steffen
T1  - A new political system model
BT  - Semi-parliamentary government
JF  - European Journal for Political Research
N2  - Semi-parliamentary government is a distinct executive-legislative system that mirrors semi-presidentialism. It exists when the legislature is divided into two equally legitimate parts, only one of which can dismiss the prime minister in a no-confidence vote. This system has distinct advantages over pure parliamentary and presidential systems: it establishes a branch-based separation of powers and can balance the ‘majoritarian’ and ‘proportional’ visions of democracy without concentrating executive power in a single individual. This article analyses bicameral versions of semi-parliamentary government in Australia and Japan, and compares empirical patterns of democracy in the Australian Commonwealth as well as New South Wales to 20 advanced parliamentary and semi-presidential systems. It discusses new semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require formal bicameralism, and pays special attention to semi-parliamentary options for democratising the European Union.
KW  - semi-parliamentarism
KW  - bicameralism
KW  - Australia
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Japan
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12224
SN  - 0304-4130
SN  - 1475-6765
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SP  - 261
EP  - 281
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - McLoughlin, Grainne
A1  - Palmer, Jason
A1  - Makeig, Scott
A1  - Bigdely-Shamlo, Nima
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Brandeis, D.
T1  - EEG Source Imaging Indices of Cognitive Control Show Associations with Dopamine System Genes
JF  - Brain Topography
N2  - Cognitive or executive control is a critical mental ability, an important marker of mental illness, and among the most heritable of neurocognitive traits. Two candidate genes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DRD4, which both have a roles in the regulation of cortical dopamine, have been consistently associated with cognitive control. Here, we predicted that individuals with the COMT Met/Met allele would show improved response execution and inhibition as indexed by event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task, while individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat allele would show impaired brain activity. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to separate brain source processes contributing to high-density EEG scalp signals recorded during the task. As expected, individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism had reduced parietal P3 source and scalp responses to response (Go) compared to those without the 7-repeat. Contrary to our expectation, the COMT homozygous Met allele was associated with a smaller frontal P3 source and scalp response to response-inhibition (NoGo) stimuli, suggesting that while more dopamine in frontal cortical areas has advantages in some tasks, it may also compromise response inhibition function. An interaction effect emerged for P3 source responses to Go stimuli. These were reduced in those with both the 7-repeat DRD4 allele and either the COMT Val/Val or the Met/Met homozygous polymorphisms but not in those with the heterozygous Val/Met polymorphism. This epistatic interaction between DRD4 and COMT replicates findings that too little or too much dopamine impairs cognitive control. The anatomic and functional separated maximally independent cortical EEG sources proved more informative than scalp channel measures for genetic studies of brain function and thus better elucidate the complex mechanisms in psychiatric illness.
KW  - EEG
KW  - Genetics
KW  - DRD4
KW  - COMT
KW  - ICA
KW  - Measure projection
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-017-0601-z
SN  - 0896-0267
SN  - 1573-6792
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 392
EP  - 406
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hackenberg, Claudia
A1  - Hakanpaeae, Johanna
A1  - Cai, Fei
A1  - Antonyuk, Svetlana
A1  - Eigner, Caroline
A1  - Meissner, Sven
A1  - Laitaoja, Mikko
A1  - Janis, Janne
A1  - Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
A1  - Dittmann, Elke
A1  - Lamzin, Victor S.
T1  - Structural and functional insights into the unique CBS-CP12 fusion protein family in cyanobacteria
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
N2  - Cyanobacteria are important photosynthetic organisms inhabiting a range of dynamic environments. This phylum is distinctive among photosynthetic organisms in containing genes encoding uncharacterized cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS)-chloroplast protein (CP12) fusion proteins. These consist of two domains, each recognized as stand-alone photosynthetic regulators with different functions described in cyanobacteria (CP12) and plants (CP12 and CBSX). Here we show that CBS-CP12 fusion proteins are encoded in distinct gene neighborhoods, several unrelated to photosynthesis. Most frequently, CBS-CP12 genes are in a gene cluster with thioredoxin A (TrxA), which is prevalent in bloom-forming, marine symbiotic, and benthic mat cyanobacteria. Focusing on a CBS-CP12 from Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 encoded in a gene cluster with TrxA, we reveal that the domain fusion led to the formation of a hexameric protein. We show that the CP12 domain is essential for hexamerization and contains an ordered, previously structurally uncharacterized N-terminal region. We provide evidence that CBS-CP12, while combining properties of both regulatory domains, behaves different from CP12 and plant CBSX. It does not form a ternary complex with phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Instead, CBS-CP12 decreases the activity of PRK in an AMP-dependent manner. We propose that the novel domain architecture and oligomeric state of CBS-CP12 expand its regulatory function beyond those of CP12 in cyanobacteria.
KW  - crystal structure
KW  - hexamer
KW  - redox
KW  - Microcystis aeruginosa
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806668115
SN  - 0027-8424
VL  - 115
IS  - 27
SP  - 7141
EP  - 7146
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakamura, Moritaka
A1  - Grebe, Markus
T1  - Outer, inner and planar polarity in the Arabidopsis root
JF  - Current opinion in plant biology
N2  - Plant roots control uptake of water and nutrients and cope with environmental challenges. The root epidermis provides the first selective interface for nutrient absorption, while the endodermis produces the main apoplastic diffusion barrier in the form of a structure called the Casparian strip. The positioning of root hairs on epidermal cells, and of the Casparian strip around endodermal cells, requires asymmetries along cellular axes (cell polarity). Cell polarity is termed planar polarity, when coordinated within the plane of a given tissue layer. Here, we review recent molecular advances towards understanding both the polar positioning of the proteo-lipid membrane domain instructing root hair initiation, and the cytoskeletal, trafficking and polar tethering requirements of proteins at outer or inner plasma membrane domains. Finally, we highlight progress towards understanding mechanisms of Casparian strip formation and underlying endodermal cell polarity.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.002
SN  - 1369-5266
SN  - 1879-0356
VL  - 41
SP  - 46
EP  - 53
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benini, Marco
A1  - Schenkel, Alexander
A1  - Schreiber, Urs
T1  - The Stack of Yang-Mills Fields on Lorentzian Manifolds
JF  - Communications in mathematical physics
N2  - We provide an abstract definition and an explicit construction of the stack of non-Abelian Yang-Mills fields on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds. We also formulate a stacky version of the Yang-Mills Cauchy problem and show that its well-posedness is equivalent to a whole family of parametrized PDE problems. Our work is based on the homotopy theoretical approach to stacks proposed in Hollander (Isr. J. Math. 163:93-124, 2008), which we shall extend by further constructions that are relevant for our purposes. In particular, we will clarify the concretification of mapping stacks to classifying stacks such as BG (con).
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-018-3120-1
SN  - 0010-3616
SN  - 1432-0916
VL  - 359
IS  - 2
SP  - 765
EP  - 820
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sprenger, Heike
A1  - Erban, Alexander
A1  - Seddig, Sylvia
A1  - Rudack, Katharina
A1  - Thalhammer, Anja
A1  - Le, Mai Q.
A1  - Walther, Dirk
A1  - Zuther, Ellen
A1  - Koehl, Karin I.
A1  - Kopka, Joachim
A1  - Hincha, Dirk K.
T1  - Metabolite and transcript markers for the prediction of potato drought tolerance
JF  - Plant Biotechnology Journal
N2  - Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. Current potato varieties are highly susceptible to drought stress. In view of global climate change, selection of cultivars with improved drought tolerance and high yield potential is of paramount importance. Drought tolerance breeding of potato is currently based on direct selection according to yield and phenotypic traits and requires multiple trials under drought conditions. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is cheaper, faster and reduces classification errors caused by noncontrolled environmental effects. We analysed 31 potato cultivars grown under optimal and reduced water supply in six independent field trials. Drought tolerance was determined as tuber starch yield. Leaf samples from young plants were screened for preselected transcript and nontargeted metabolite abundance using qRT-PCR and GC-MS profiling, respectively. Transcript marker candidates were selected from a published RNA-Seq data set. A Random Forest machine learning approach extracted metabolite and transcript markers for drought tolerance prediction with low error rates of 6% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, by combining transcript and metabolite markers, the prediction error was reduced to 4.3%. Feature selection from Random Forest models allowed model minimization, yielding a minimal combination of only 20 metabolite and transcript markers that were successfully tested for their reproducibility in 16 independent agronomic field trials. We demonstrate that a minimum combination of transcript and metabolite markers sampled at early cultivation stages predicts potato yield stability under drought largely independent of seasonal and regional agronomic conditions.
KW  - drought tolerance
KW  - machine learning
KW  - metabolite markers
KW  - potato (Solanum tuberosum)
KW  - prediction models
KW  - transcript markers
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12840
SN  - 1467-7644
SN  - 1467-7652
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 939
EP  - 950
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Torrance, Mark
A1  - Nottbusch, Guido
A1  - Alves, Rui A.
A1  - Arfe, Barbara
A1  - Chanquoy, Lucile
A1  - Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny
A1  - Dimakos, Ioannis
A1  - Fidalgo, Raquel
A1  - Hyona, Jukka
A1  - Johannesson, Omar I.
A1  - Madjarov, George
A1  - Pauly, Dennis Nikolas
A1  - Uppstad, Per Henning
A1  - van Waes, Luuk
A1  - Vernon, Michael
A1  - Wengelin, Asa
T1  - Timed written picture naming in 14 European languages
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion & Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217-236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output.
KW  - Written production
KW  - Response time
KW  - Interkey interval
KW  - Picture naming
KW  - Word production
KW  - Language production
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0902-x
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 744
EP  - 758
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Braga, Raul Renno
A1  - Gomez-Aparicio, Lorena
A1  - Heger, Tina
A1  - Simoes Vitule, Jean Ricardo
A1  - Jeschke, Jonathan M.
T1  - Structuring evidence for invasional meltdown
BT  - broad support but with biases and gaps
JF  - Biological invasions : unique international journal uniting scientists in the broad field of biological invasions
N2  - Negative interactions have been suggested as a major barrier for species arriving in a new habitat. More recently, positive interactions drew attention from community assembly theory and invasion science. The invasional meltdown hypothesis (IMH) introduced the idea that positive interactions among non-native species could facilitate one another’s invasion, even increasing their impact upon the native community. Many studies have addressed IMH, but with contrasting results, reflecting various types of evidence on a multitude of scales. Here we use the hierarchy-of-hypotheses (HoH) approach to differentiate key aspects of IMH, organizing and linking empirical studies to sub-hypotheses of IMH. We also assess the level of empirical support for each sub-hypothesis based on the evidence reported in the studies. We identified 150 studies addressing IMH. The majority of studies support IMH, but the evidence comes from studies with different aims and questions. Supporting studies at the community or ecosystem level are currently rare. Evidence is scarce for marine habitats and vertebrates. Few sub-hypotheses are questioned by more than 50% of the evaluated studies, indicating that non-native species do not affect each other’s survival, growth, reproduction, abundance, density or biomass in reciprocal A ↔ B interactions. With the HoH for IMH presented here, we can monitor progress in empirical tests and evidences of IMH. For instance, more tests at the community and ecosystem level are needed, as these are necessary to address the core of this hypothesis.
KW  - Facilitation
KW  - Mutualism
KW  - Review
KW  - Nonindigenous
KW  - Exotic
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1582-2
SN  - 1387-3547
SN  - 1573-1464
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SP  - 923
EP  - 936
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beaumont, Robin N.
A1  - Warrington, Nicole M.
A1  - Cavadino, Alana
A1  - Tyrrell, Jessica
A1  - Nodzenski, Michael
A1  - Horikoshi, Momoko
A1  - Geller, Frank
A1  - Myhre, Ronny
A1  - Richmond, Rebecca C.
A1  - Paternoster, Lavinia
A1  - Bradfield, Jonathan P.
A1  - Kreiner-Moller, Eskil
A1  - Huikari, Ville
A1  - Metrustry, Sarah
A1  - Lunetta, Kathryn L.
A1  - Painter, Jodie N.
A1  - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
A1  - Allard, Catherine
A1  - Barton, Sheila J.
A1  - Espinosa, Ana
A1  - Marsh, Julie A.
A1  - Potter, Catherine
A1  - Zhang, Ge
A1  - Ang, Wei
A1  - Berry, Diane J.
A1  - Bouchard, Luigi
A1  - Das, Shikta
A1  - Hakonarson, Hakon
A1  - Heikkinen, Jani
A1  - Helgeland, Oyvind
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Hofman, Albert
A1  - Inskip, Hazel M.
A1  - Jones, Samuel E.
A1  - Kogevinas, Manolis
A1  - Lind, Penelope A.
A1  - Marullo, Letizia
A1  - Medland, Sarah E.
A1  - Murray, Anna
A1  - Murray, Jeffrey C.
A1  - Njolstad, Pal R.
A1  - Nohr, Ellen A.
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - Ring, Susan M.
A1  - Ruth, Katherine S.
A1  - Santa-Marina, Loreto
A1  - Scholtens, Denise M.
A1  - Sebert, Sylvain
A1  - Sengpiel, Verena
A1  - Tuke, Marcus A.
A1  - Vaudel, Marc
A1  - Weedon, Michael N.
A1  - Willemsen, Gonneke
A1  - Wood, Andrew R.
A1  - Yaghootkar, Hanieh
A1  - Muglia, Louis J.
A1  - Bartels, Meike
A1  - Relton, Caroline L.
A1  - Pennell, Craig E.
A1  - Chatzi, Leda
A1  - Estivill, Xavier
A1  - Holloway, John W.
A1  - Boomsma, Dorret I.
A1  - Montgomery, Grant W.
A1  - Murabito, Joanne M.
A1  - Spector, Tim D.
A1  - Power, Christine
A1  - Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta
A1  - Bisgaard, Hans
A1  - Grant, Struan F. A.
A1  - Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
A1  - Jaddoe, Vincent W.
A1  - Jacobsson, Bo
A1  - Melbye, Mads
A1  - McCarthy, Mark I.
A1  - Hattersley, Andrew T.
A1  - Hayes, M. Geoffrey
A1  - Frayling, Timothy M.
A1  - Hivert, Marie-France
A1  - Felix, Janine F.
A1  - Hypponen, Elina
A1  - Lowe, William L.
A1  - Evans, David M.
A1  - Lawlor, Debbie A.
A1  - Feenstra, Bjarke
A1  - Freathy, Rachel M.
T1  - Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics
JF  - Human molecular genetics
N2  - Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P< 5 x 10(-8). In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddx429
SN  - 0964-6906
SN  - 1460-2083
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 742
EP  - 756
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herman, Frederic
A1  - Braun, Jean
A1  - Deal, Eric
A1  - Prasicek, Gunther
T1  - The response time of glacial erosion
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - There has been recent progress in the understanding of the evolution of Quaternary climate. Simultaneously, there have been improvements in the understanding of glacial erosion processes, with better parameter constraints. Despite this, there remains much debate about whether or not the observed cooling over the Quaternary has driven an increase in glacial erosion rates. Most studies agree that the erosional response to climate change must be transient; therefore, the time scale of the climatic change and the response time of glacial erosion must be accounted for. Here we analyze the equations governing glacial erosion in a steadily uplifting landscape with variable climatic forcing and derive expressions for two fundamental response time scales. The first time scale describes the response of the glacier and the second one the glacial erosion response. We find that glaciers have characteristic time scales of the order of 10 to 10,000 years, while the characteristic time scale for glacial erosion is of the order of a few tens of thousands to a few million years. We then use a numerical model to validate the approximations made to derive the analytical solutions. The solutions show that short period forcing is dampened by the glacier response time, and long period forcing (>1 Myr) may be dampened by erosional response of glaciers when the rock uplift rates are high. In most tectonic and climatic conditions, we expect to see the strongest response of glacial erosion to periodic climatic forcing corresponding to Plio-Pleistocene climatic cycles. Finally, we use the numerical model to predict the response of glacial systems to the observed climatic forcing of the Quaternary, including, but not limited to, the Milankovich periods and the long-term secular cooling trend. We conclude that an increase of glacial erosion in response to Quaternary cooling is physically plausible, and we show that the magnitude of the increase depends on rock uplift and ice accumulation rates.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004586
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 123
IS  - 4
SP  - 801
EP  - 817
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Ekkekakis, Panteleimon
T1  - Affective-Reflective Theory of physical inactivity and exercise
T1  - Die Affective-Reflective Theory zur Erklärung von körperlicher Inaktivität und Sporttreiben
BT  - Foundations and preliminary evidence
BT  - Grundlagen und erste Studienergebnisse
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - This article introduces a new theory, the Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective-reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form.
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implicit
KW  - Explicit
KW  - Dual system
KW  - Self-control
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implizit
KW  - Explizit
KW  - Zwei-System-Theorien
KW  - Selbstkontrolle
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9
SN  - 2509-3142
SN  - 2509-3150
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gosling, William D.
A1  - Julier, Adele C. M.
A1  - Adu-Bredu, Stephen
A1  - Djagbletey, Gloria D.
A1  - Fraser, Wesley T.
A1  - Jardine, Phillip E.
A1  - Lomax, Barry H.
A1  - Malhi, Yadvinder
A1  - Manu, Emmanuel A.
A1  - Mayle, Francis E.
A1  - Moore, Sam
T1  - Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics
JF  - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
N2  - Tracking changes in biodiversity through time requires an understanding of the relationship between modern diversity and how this diversity is preserved in the fossil record. Fossil pollen is one way in which past vegetation diversity can be reconstructed. However, there is limited understanding of modern pollen-vegetation diversity relationships from biodiverse tropical ecosystems. Here, pollen (palynological) richness and diversity (Hill N (1)) are compared with vegetation richness and diversity from forest and savannah ecosystems in the New World and Old World tropics (Neotropics and Palaeotropics). Modern pollen data were obtained from artificial pollen traps deployed in 1-ha vegetation study plots from which vegetation inventories had been completed in Bolivia and Ghana. Pollen counts were obtained from 15 to 22 traps per plot, and aggregated pollen sums for each plot were > 2,500. The palynological richness/diversity values from the Neotropics were moist evergreen forest = 86/6.8, semi-deciduous dry forest = 111/21.9, wooded savannah = 138/31.5, and from the Palaeotropics wet evergreen forest = 144/28.3, semi-deciduous moist forest = 104/4.4, forest-savannah transition = 121/14.1; the corresponding vegetation richness/diversity was 100/36.7, 80/38.7 and 71/39.4 (Neotropics), and 101/54.8, 87/45.5 and 71/34.5 (Palaeotropics). No consistent relationship was found between palynological richness/diversity, and plot vegetation richness/diversity, due to the differential influence of other factors such as landscape diversity, pollination strategy, and pollen source area. Palynological richness exceeded vegetation richness, while pollen diversity was lower than vegetation diversity. The relatively high global diversity of tropical vegetation was found to be reflected in the pollen rain.
KW  - Neotropics
KW  - Palaeotropics
KW  - Palynology
KW  - Pollen trap
KW  - Forest-savannah
KW  - Savanna
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0642-y
SN  - 0939-6314
SN  - 1617-6278
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 411
EP  - 418
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Young, Linda
A1  - Ueda, Kiyoshi
A1  - Gühr, Markus
A1  - Bucksbaum, Philip H.
A1  - Simon, Marc
A1  - Mukamel, Shaul
A1  - Rohringer, Nina
A1  - Prince, Kevin C.
A1  - Masciovecchio, Claudio
A1  - Meyer, Michael
A1  - Rudenko, Artem
A1  - Rolles, Daniel
A1  - Bostedt, Christoph
A1  - Fuchs, Matthias
A1  - Reis, David A.
A1  - Santra, Robin
A1  - Kapteyn, Henry
A1  - Murnane, Margaret
A1  - Ibrahim, Heide
A1  - Legare, Francois
A1  - Vrakking, Marc
A1  - Isinger, Marcus
A1  - Kroon, David
A1  - Gisselbrecht, Mathieu
A1  - Wörner, Hans Jakob
A1  - Leone, Stephen R.
T1  - Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics
JF  - Journal of physics : B, Atomic, molecular and optical physics
N2  - X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, largely due to an explosive growth in capabilities in the past decade. XFELs now provide unprecedented intensity (10(20) W cm(-2)) of x-rays at wavelengths down to similar to 1 Angstrom, and HHG provides unprecedented time resolution (similar to 50 attoseconds) and a correspondingly large coherent bandwidth at longer wavelengths. For context, timescales can be referenced to the Bohr orbital period in hydrogen atom of 150 attoseconds and the hydrogen-molecule vibrational period of 8 femtoseconds; wavelength scales can be referenced to the chemically significant carbon K-edge at a photon energy of similar to 280 eV (44 Angstroms) and the bond length in methane of similar to 1 Angstrom. With these modern x-ray sources one now has the ability to focus on individual atoms, even when embedded in a complex molecule, and view electronic and nuclear motion on their intrinsic scales (attoseconds and Angstroms). These sources have enabled coherent diffractive imaging, where one can image non-crystalline objects in three dimensions on ultrafast timescales, potentially with atomic resolution. The unprecedented intensity available with XFELs has opened new fields of multiphoton and nonlinear x-ray physics where behavior of matter under extreme conditions can be explored. The unprecedented time resolution and pulse synchronization provided by HHG sources has kindled fundamental investigations of time delays in photoionization, charge migration in molecules, and dynamics near conical intersections that are foundational to AMO physics and chemistry. This roadmap coincides with the year when three new XFEL facilities, operating at Angstrom wavelengths, opened for users (European XFEL, Swiss-FEL and PAL-FEL in Korea) almost doubling the present worldwide number of XFELs, and documents the remarkable progress in HHG capabilities since its discovery roughly 30 years ago, showcasing experiments in AMO physics and other applications. Here we capture the perspectives of 17 leading groups and organize the contributions into four categories: ultrafast molecular dynamics, multidimensional x-ray spectroscopies; high-intensity x-ray phenomena; attosecond x-ray science.
KW  - ultrafast molecular dynamics
KW  - x-ray spectroscopies and phenomena
KW  - table-top sources
KW  - x-ray free-electron lasers
KW  - attosecond phenomena
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735
SN  - 0953-4075
SN  - 1361-6455
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sustr, David
A1  - Hlaváček, Antonín
A1  - Duschl, Claus
A1  - Volodkin, Dmitry
T1  - Multi-fractional analysis of molecular diffusion in polymer multilayers by FRAP
BT  - a new simulation-based approach
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry :   B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical
N2  - Comprehensive analysis of the multifractional molecular diffusion provides a deeper understanding of the diffusion phenomenon in the fields of material science, molecular and cell biology, advanced biomaterials, etc. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is commonly employed to probe the molecular diffusion. Despite FRAP being a very popular method, it is not easy to assess multifractional molecular diffusion due to limited possibilities of approaches for analysis. Here we present a novel simulation-optimization-based approach (S-approach) that significantly broadens possibilities of the analysis. In the S-approach, possible fluorescence recovery scenarios are primarily simulated and afterward compared with a real measurement while optimizing parameters of a model until a sufficient match is achieved. This makes it possible to reveal multifractional molecular diffusion. Fluorescent latex particles of different size and fluorescein isothiocyanate in an aqueous medium were utilized as test systems. Finally, the S-approach has been used to evaluate diffusion of cytochrome c loaded into multilayers made of hyaluronan and polylysine. Software for evaluation of multifractional molecular diffusion by S-approach has been developed aiming to offer maximal versatility and user-friendly way for analysis.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11051
SN  - 1520-6106
VL  - 122
IS  - 3
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1333
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cheng, Xin
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Ding, Mingde
T1  - Unambiguous evidence of filament splitting-induced partial eruptions
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - Coronal mass ejections are often considered to result from the full eruption of a magnetic flux rope (MFR). However, it is recognized that, in some events, the MFR may release only part of its flux, with the details of the implied splitting not completely established due to limitations in observations. Here, we investigate two partial eruption events including a confined and a successful one. Both partial eruptions are a consequence of the vertical splitting of a filament-hosting MFR involving internal reconnection. A loss of equilibrium in the rising part of the magnetic flux is suggested by the impulsive onset of both events and by the delayed onset of reconnection in the confined event. The remaining part of the flux might be line-tied to the photosphere in a bald patch (BP) separatrix surface, and we confirm the existence of extended BP sections for the successful eruption. The internal reconnection is signified by brightenings in the body of one filament and between the rising and remaining parts of both filaments. It evolves quickly into the standard current sheet reconnection in the wake of the eruption. As a result, regardless of being confined or successful, both eruptions produce hard X-ray sources and flare loops below the erupting but above the surviving flux, as well as a pair of flare ribbons enclosing the latter.
KW  - Sun: magnetic fields
KW  - Sun: corona
KW  - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - Sun: flares
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab08d
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 856
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sand, Patrick
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Pd-catalyzed oxidative sulfoalkenylation of acetanilides and traceless removal of the catalyst directing group
JF  - ChemistrySelect
N2  - The palladium-catalyzed oxidative Heck-reaction, also referred to as Fujiwara-Moritani-reaction, has been investigated for the synthesis of styrenylsulfonyl compounds. Acetanilides and vinylsulfonyl compounds undergo dehydrogenative coupling reactions in moderate to quantitative yields, using benzoquinone as the oxidant of choice. Potassium peroxodisulfate, which had previously been identified as a superior oxidant for the coupling with acrylates, did not provide any coupling products with these olefins. Traceless removal of the catalyst directing group through a deacetylation-diazotation-coupling (DDC) sequence was demonstrated for 2-arylethene sulfones.
KW  - arenes
KW  - C− H activation
KW  - Heck reactions
KW  - Palladium
KW  - sulfones
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202101009
SN  - 2365-6549
VL  - 6
IS  - 14
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3567
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - Freyse, Daniel
A1  - Schuster, David
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
T1  - Fluorescent dyes with large stokes shifts based on Benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis([1,3]dithiole) (“S4-DBD Dyes”)
JF  - Europan journal of organic chemistry
N2  - We report on a further development of [1,3]-dioxolo[4.5-f]benzodioxole (DBD) fluorescent dyes by replacement of the four oxygen atoms of the heterocyclic core by sulfur atoms. This variation causes striking changes of the photophysical properties. Whereas absorption and emission significantly shifted to longer wavelength, the fluorescence lifetimes and quantum yields are diminished compared to DBD dyes. The latter effect is presumably caused by an enhanced intersystem crossing to the triplet state due to the sulfur atoms. The very large Stokes shifts of the S-4-DBD dyes ranging from 3000 cm(-1) to 7400 cm(-1) (67 nm to 191 nm) should be especially emphasized. By analogy with DBD dyes a broad variation of absorption and emission wavelength is possible by introducing different electron withdrawing substituents. Moreover, some derivatives for coupling with biomolecules were developed.
KW  - fluorescent dyes
KW  - sulfur
KW  - heterocycles
KW  - stokes shift
KW  - photophysics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202000093
SN  - 1434-193X
SN  - 1099-0690
VL  - 2020
IS  - 11
SP  - 1732
EP  - 1744
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Uygun, Serkan
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Morphological processing in heritage speakers
BT  - a masked priming study on the Turkish aorist
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. 'Limitations of online resources' for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism ('affix stripping') as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words.
KW  - Turkish
KW  - morphology
KW  - aorist
KW  - priming
KW  - variability
KW  - processing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000577
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 415
EP  - 426
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Menges, Johanna
A1  - Hovius, Niels
A1  - Andermann, Christoff
A1  - Dietze, Michael
A1  - Swoboda, Charlie
A1  - Cook, Kristen L.
A1  - Adhikari, Basanta R.
A1  - Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea
A1  - Bonnet, Stephane
A1  - Reimann, Tony
A1  - Koutsodendris, Andreas
A1  - Sachse, Dirk
T1  - Late holocene landscape collapse of a trans-himalayan dryland
BT  - human impact and aridification
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - Soil degradation is a severe and growing threat to ecosystem services globally. Soil loss is often nonlinear, involving a rapid deterioration from a stable eco-geomorphic state once a tipping point is reached. Soil loss thresholds have been studied at plot scale, but for landscapes, quantitative constraints on the necessary and sufficient conditions for tipping points are rare. Here, we document a landscape-wide eco-geomorphic tipping point at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau and quantify its drivers and erosional consequences. We show that in the upper Kali Gandaki valley, Nepal, soil formation prevailed under wetter conditions during much of the Holocene. Our data suggest that after a period of human pressure and declining vegetation cover, a 20% reduction of relative humidity and precipitation below 200 mm/year halted soil formation after 1.6 ka and promoted widespread gullying and rapid soil loss, with irreversible consequences for ecosystem services.
KW  - geomorphology
KW  - paleoclimate
KW  - human activity
KW  - Tibetan plateau
KW  - late Holocene
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084192
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 46
IS  - 23
SP  - 13814
EP  - 13824
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spiegel, Thomas Jussuf
T1  - Is religion natural?
BT  - religion, naturalism and near-naturalism
JF  - International journal of philosophy and theology
N2  - In this article I argue that the kind of scientific naturalism that tends to underwrite projects of naturalizing religion operates with a tacit conception of nature which, upon closer inspection, turns out to be untenable. I first distinguish an uninteresting modest naturalism from the more ambitious and relevant scientific naturalism. Secondly I survey three different kinds of attempting to naturalize religion: naturalizing the social aspect of religion, naturalizing religious experience, and naturalizing reference to the transcendent. Thirdly I argue that these projects operate with a conception of nature which is insufficiently clear. I suggest three ways of charitably explicating that tacit conception of what is natural before arguing that neither of these three positions works. Lastly I offer an irenic proposal: we would do good in giving up the scientific naturalism that underlies projects of naturalizing religion in order to embrace Lynne Rudder Baker's recently proposed notion of near-naturalism which allows the naturalist to retain a 'science first' attitude while avoiding problematic, overly restrictive notions of what is natural.
KW  - naturalism
KW  - religion
KW  - near-naturalism
KW  - liberal naturalism
KW  - naturalization
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/21692327.2020.1749717
SN  - 2169-2327
SN  - 2169-2335
VL  - 81
IS  - 4
SP  - 351
EP  - 368
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knoth, Alexander Henning
A1  - Kiy, Alexander
A1  - Müller, Ina
A1  - Klein, Mathias
T1  - Competences in context
BT  - students’ expectations and reflections as guided by the mobile application Reflect.UP
JF  - Technology, knowledge and learning
N2  - Mobile applications are suitable as a structural possibility for students beginning their studies. Using the appReflect.UP,students are encouraged to reflect on the organization, contents, and objectives of their studies. This article focuses on how students can acquire the academic ability to consider their own actions, which is an intrinsic component of academic professionalization. The work examines how a competency framework is derived through study regulations and module descriptions, and how subsequent questions for students' reflection are systematically created using this framework. Next, the hybrid mobile applicationReflect.UPand its underlying software components are introduced, stimulating students' reflections on study content and objectives. The data gathered through the practical use ofReflect.UPis evaluated, and then the ensuing conclusions drawn from students' problems and learning processes for organizing the course of studies are explored. In addition, this paper reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of a mobile application as a sociological and technological compound for structural support of the introductory phase of education.
KW  - introductory phase
KW  - hybrid mobile application
KW  - reflection
KW  - professionalization
KW  - competency framework
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-019-09407-8
SN  - 2211-1662
SN  - 2211-1670
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
SP  - 707
EP  - 731
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunello, Camilla Francesca
A1  - Andermann, Christoff
A1  - Marc, Odin
A1  - Schneider, Katharina A.
A1  - Comiti, Francesco
A1  - Achleitner, Stefan
A1  - Hovius, Niels
T1  - Annually resolved monsoon onset and withdrawal dates across the Himalayas derived from local precipitation statistics
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - A local and flexible definition of the monsoon season based on hydrological evidence is important for the understanding and management of Himalayan water resources. Here, we present an objective statistical method to retrieve seasonal hydrometeorological transitions. Applied to daily rainfall data (1951-2015), this method shows an average longitudinal delay of similar to 15 days, with later monsoon onset and earlier withdrawal in the western Himalaya, consistent with the continental progression of wet air masses. This delay leads to seasons of different length along the Himalaya and biased precipitation amounts when using uniform calendric monsoon boundaries. In the Central Himalaya annual precipitation has increased, due primarily to an increase of premonsoon precipitation. These findings highlight issues associated with a static definition of monsoon boundaries and call for a deeper understanding of nonmonsoonal precipitation over the Himalayan water tower. <br /> Plain Language Summary Precipitation in the Himalayas determines water availability for the Indian foreland with large socioeconomic implications. Despite its importance, spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation are poorly understood. Here, we estimate the long-term average and trends of seasonal precipitation at the scale of individual catchments draining the Himalayas. We apply a statistical method to detect the timing of hydrometeorological seasons from local precipitation measurements, focusing on monsoon onset and withdrawal. We identify longitudinal and latitudinal delays, resulting in seasons of different length along and across the Himalayas. These spatial patterns and the annual variability of the monsoon boundaries mean that oft-used, fixed calendric dates, for example, 1 June to 30 September, may be inadequate for retrieving monsoon rainfall totals. Moreover, we find that, despite its prominent contribution to annual rainfall totals, the Indian summer monsoon cannot explain the increase of the annual precipitation over the Central Himalayas. Instead, this appears to be mostly driven by changes in premonsoon and winter rainfall. So far, little attention has been paid to premonsoon precipitation, but governed by evaporative processes and surface water availability, it may be enhanced by irrigation and changed land use in the Gangetic foreland.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088420
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 47
IS  - 23
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Superstatistics and non-Gaussian diffusion
JF  - The European physical journal special topics
N2  - Brownian motion and viscoelastic anomalous diffusion in homogeneous environments are intrinsically Gaussian processes. In a growing number of systems, however, non-Gaussian displacement distributions of these processes are being reported. The physical cause of the non-Gaussianity is typically seen in different forms of disorder. These include, for instance, imperfect "ensembles" of tracer particles, the presence of local variations of the tracer mobility in heteroegenous environments, or cases in which the speed or persistence of moving nematodes or cells are distributed. From a theoretical point of view stochastic descriptions based on distributed ("superstatistical") transport coefficients as well as time-dependent generalisations based on stochastic transport parameters with built-in finite correlation time are invoked. After a brief review of the history of Brownian motion and the famed Gaussian displacement distribution, we here provide a brief introduction to the phenomenon of non-Gaussianity and the stochastic modelling in terms of superstatistical and diffusing-diffusivity approaches.
KW  - Brownian diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - dynamics
KW  - kinetic-theory
KW  - models
KW  - motion
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - nonergodicity
KW  - statistics
KW  - subdiffusion
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2020-900210-x
SN  - 1951-6355
SN  - 1951-6401
VL  - 229
IS  - 5
SP  - 711
EP  - 728
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sharma, Shubham
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Zöller, Gert
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
T1  - Is Coulomb stress the best choice for aftershock forecasting?
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth
N2  - The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) criterion is the most commonly used method for predicting spatial distributions of aftershocks following large earthquakes. However, large uncertainties are always associated with the calculation of Coulomb stress change. The uncertainties mainly arise due to nonunique slip inversions and unknown receiver faults; especially for the latter, results are highly dependent on the choice of the assumed receiver mechanism. Based on binary tests (aftershocks yes/no), recent studies suggest that alternative stress quantities, a distance-slip probabilistic model as well as deep neural network (DNN) approaches, all are superior to CFS with predefined receiver mechanism. To challenge this conclusion, which might have large implications, we use 289 slip inversions from SRCMOD database to calculate more realistic CFS values for a layered half-space and variable receiver mechanisms. We also analyze the effect of the magnitude cutoff, grid size variation, and aftershock duration to verify the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the ranking of stress metrics. The observations suggest that introducing a layered half-space does not improve the stress maps and ROC curves. However, results significantly improve for larger aftershocks and shorter time periods but without changing the ranking. We also go beyond binary testing and apply alternative statistics to test the ability to estimate aftershock numbers, which confirm that simple stress metrics perform better than the classic Coulomb failure stress calculations and are also better than the distance-slip probabilistic model.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019553
SN  - 2169-9313
SN  - 2169-9356
VL  - 125
IS  - 9
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziesemer, Florence
A1  - Hüttel, Alexandra
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
T1  - Young people as drivers or inhibitors of the sustainability movement
BT  - the case of anti-consumption
JF  - Journal of consumer policy : consumer issues in law, economics and behavioural sciences
N2  - As overconsumption has negative effects on ecological balance, social equality, and individual well-being, reducing consumption levels among the materially affluent is an emerging strategy for sustainable development. Today's youth form a crucial target group for intervening in unsustainable overconsumption habits and for setting the path and ideas on responsible living. This article explores young people's motivations for engaging in three behavioural patterns linked to anti-consumption (voluntary simplicity, collaborative consumption, and living within one's means) in relation to sustainability. Applying a qualitative approach, laddering interviews reveal the consequences and values behind the anti-consumption behaviours of young people of ages 14 to 24 according to a means-end chains analysis. The findings highlight potential for and the challenges involved in motivating young people to reduce material levels of consumption for the sake of sustainability. Related consumer policy tools from the fields of education and communication are identified. This article provides practical implications for policy makers, activists, and educators. Consumer policies may strengthen anti-consumption among young people by addressing individual benefits, enabling reflection on personal values, and referencing credible narratives. The presented insights can help give a voice to young consumers, who struggle to establish themselves as key players in shaping the future consumption regime.
KW  - Voluntary simplicity
KW  - Collaborative consumption
KW  - Sustainable
KW  - consumption
KW  - Means-end chain analysis
KW  - Laddering interviews
KW  - Youth
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-021-09489-x
SN  - 0168-7034
SN  - 1573-0700
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 427
EP  - 453
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kosta, Peter
A1  - Karlik, Petr
T1  - The nominalization of subordinate clauses in Czech
T1  - Die Nominalisierung von Nebensätzen im Tschechischen
JF  - Zeitschrift für Slawistik
N2  - The present article ties in with an earlier study by Chomsky (1970) on nominalizations in English, which was then refined primarily in the influential work of Jane Grimshaw (1990) and is dealt with in detail in Borer (2013) and in Kosta (2020). In contrast to the English gerundives, which do not lose verbal behavior due to the derivation in the syntax and maintain all grammatical categories and characteristics of verbs, which is why one can speak of a real conversion while preserving the verbal semantics, the situation is somewhat different in Czech. In the deverbal, deadjective and other derivations, the Czech apparently made the transition to the noun with its critical properties, which is shown by certain restrictions in the aspectuality marking of deverbal noun phrases on -ni-, -ti-, which, e.g., do not pass the progression durativity test (Vendler 1967). In passive constructions, as is well known, a valence point in the position of the external argument is reduced compared to the corresponding active sentences, while the external argument position in anti-causatives is also not available in the deep structure. In addition to the syntactic restrictions that are evident in nominalizations in the context of simple sentences of different sentence types (causative, anti-causative, passive) and demonstrate the nominal character of certain types of deverbal noun phrases in the first part of this article, the second part of the essay deals with more complex structures and extends its analytical and theoretical part to the phenomenon of nominalizing subordinate clauses. The aim of the central part of this contribution is therefore to test the nominal properties of embedded conjunctional sentences and of embedded headless relative sentences on the basis of empirical data and thus contribute to the knowledge of whether certain types of relative sentences can (or must) be nominalized.
KW  - nominalization
KW  - embedded headless relative sentences
KW  - gerunds
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0023
SN  - 0044-3506
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
SP  - 479
EP  - 497
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bobzien, Licia
A1  - Kalleitner, Fabian
T1  - Attitudes towards European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic
BT  - evidence from a net-contributor country
JF  - European societies
N2  - Whilst the Covid-19 pandemic affects all European countries, the ways in which these countries are prepared for the health and subsequent economic crisis varies considerably. Financial solidarity within the European Union (EU) could mitigate some of these inequalities but depends upon the support of the citizens of individual member states for such policies. This paper studies attitudes of the Austrian population - a net-contributor to the European budget - towards financial solidarity using two waves of the Austrian Corona Panel Project collected in May and June 2020. We find that individuals (i) who are less likely to consider the Covid-19 pandemic as a national economic threat, (ii) who believe that Austria benefits from supporting other countries, and (iii) who prefer the crisis to be organized more centrally at EU-level show higher support for European financial solidarity. Using fixed effects models, we further show that perceiving economic threats and preferring central crisis management also explain attitude dynamics within individuals over time. We conclude that cost-benefit perceptions are important determinants for individual support of European financial solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic.
KW  - Covid-19
KW  - financial solidarity
KW  - European Union
KW  - Austria
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1836669
SN  - 1461-6696
SN  - 1469-8307
VL  - 23
IS  - Sup. 1
SP  - S791
EP  - S804
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Teichmann, Erik
T1  - Using phase dynamics to study partial synchrony
BT  - three examples
JF  - European physical journal special topics
N2  - Partial synchronous states appear between full synchrony and asynchrony and exhibit many interesting properties. Most frequently, these states are studied within the framework of phase approximation. The latter is used ubiquitously to analyze coupled oscillatory systems. Typically, the phase dynamics description is obtained in the weak coupling limit, i.e., in the first-order in the coupling strength. The extension beyond the first-order represents an unsolved problem and is an active area of research. In this paper, three partially synchronous states are investigated and presented in order of increasing complexity. First, the usage of the phase response curve for the description of macroscopic oscillators is analyzed. To achieve this, the response of the mean-field oscillations in a model of all-to-all coupled limit-cycle oscillators to pulse stimulation is measured. The next part treats a two-group Kuramoto model, where the interaction of one attractive and one repulsive group results in an interesting solitary state, situated between full synchrony and self-consistent partial synchrony. In the last part, the phase dynamics of a relatively simple system of three Stuart-Landau oscillators are extended beyond the weak coupling limit. The resulting model contains triplet terms in the high-order phase approximation, though the structural connections are only pairwise. Finally, the scaling of the new terms with the coupling is analyzed.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00156-3
SN  - 1951-6355
SN  - 1951-6401
VL  - 230
IS  - 14-15
SP  - 2833
EP  - 2842
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Al-Saedy, Ammar Jaffar Muhesin
A1  - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič
T1  - A degree theory for Lagrangian boundary value problems
JF  - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta = Journal of Siberian Federal University; mathematics & physics
N2  - We study those nonlinear partial differential equations which appear as Euler-Lagrange equations of variational problems. On defining weak boundary values of solutions to such equations we initiate the theory of Lagrangian boundary value problems in spaces of appropriate smoothness. We also analyse if the concept of mapping degree of current importance applies to Lagrangian problems.
N2  - Мы изучаем те нелинейные уравнения с частными производными, которые возникают как уравнения Эйлера-Лагранжа вариационных задач. Определяя слабые граничные значения решений таких уравнений, мы инициируем теорию лагранжевых краевых задач в функциональных пространствах подходящей гладкости. Мы также анализируем, применяется ли современная концепция степени отображения к лагранжевым проблемам.
KW  - nonlinear equations
KW  - Lagrangian system
KW  - weak boundary values
KW  - quasilinear Fredholm operators
KW  - mapping degree
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2020-13-1-5-25
SN  - 1997-1397
SN  - 2313-6022
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 25
PB  - Sibirskij Federalʹnyj Universitet
CY  - Krasnojarsk
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dolotovskaya, Sofya
A1  - Bordallo, Juan Torroba
A1  - Haus, Tanja
A1  - Noll, Angela
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Zinner, Dietmar
A1  - Roos, Christian
T1  - Comparing mitogenomic timetrees for two African savannah primate genera (Chlorocebus and Papio)
BT  - Corrigenda
JF  - Zoological journal of the Linnean Society
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa026
SN  - 0024-4082
SN  - 1096-3642
N1  - This is a correction to: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - 181 (2017) 2. - S. 471 – 483, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx001
VL  - 190
IS  - 3
SP  - 1071
EP  - 1073
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Angelopoulos, Michael
A1  - Westermann, Sebastian
A1  - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1  - Faguet, Alexey
A1  - Olenchenko, Vladimir
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Grigoriev, Mikhail N.
T1  - Heat and salt flow in subsea permafrost modeled with CryoGRID2
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - Thawing of subsea permafrost can impact offshore infrastructure, affect coastal erosion, and release permafrost organic matter. Thawing is usually modeled as the result of heat transfer, although salt diffusion may play an important role in marine settings. To better quantify nearshore subsea permafrost thawing, we applied the CryoGRID2 heat diffusion model and coupled it to a salt diffusion model. We simulated coastline retreat and subsea permafrost evolution as it develops through successive stages of a thawing sequence at the Bykovsky Peninsula, Siberia. Sensitivity analyses for seawater salinity were performed to compare the results for the Bykovsky Peninsula with those of typical Arctic seawater. For the Bykovsky Peninsula, the modeled ice-bearing permafrost table (IBPT) for ice-rich sand and an erosion rate of 0.25m/year was 16.7 m below the seabed 350m offshore. The model outputs were compared to the IBPT depth estimated from coastline retreat and electrical resistivity surveys perpendicular to and crossing the shoreline of the Bykovsky Peninsula. The interpreted geoelectric data suggest that the IBPT dipped to 15-20m below the seabed at 350m offshore. Both results suggest that cold saline water forms beneath grounded ice and floating sea ice in shallow water, causing cryotic benthic temperatures. The freezing point depression produced by salt diffusion can delay or prevent ice formation in the sediment and enhance the IBPT degradation rate. Therefore, salt diffusion may facilitate the release of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and considerably affect the design of offshore and coastal infrastructure in subsea permafrost areas.
KW  - subsea permafrost
KW  - salt diffusion
KW  - CryoGRID
KW  - Lena Delta
KW  - Bykovsky Peninsula
KW  - electrical resistivity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
SP  - 920
EP  - 937
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Van Hout, Cristopher V.
A1  - Tachmazidou, Ioanna
A1  - Backman, Joshua D.
A1  - Hoffman, Joshua D.
A1  - Liu, Daren
A1  - Pandey, Ashutosh K.
A1  - Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia
A1  - Khalid, Shareef
A1  - Ye, Bin
A1  - Banerjee, Nilanjana
A1  - Li, Alexander H.
A1  - O'Dushlaine, Colm
A1  - Marcketta, Anthony
A1  - Staples, Jeffrey
A1  - Schurmann, Claudia
A1  - Hawes, Alicia
A1  - Maxwell, Evan
A1  - Barnard, Leland
A1  - Lopez, Alexander
A1  - Penn, John
A1  - Habegger, Lukas
A1  - Blumenfeld, Andrew L.
A1  - Bai, Xiaodong
A1  - O'Keeffe, Sean
A1  - Yadav, Ashish
A1  - Praveen, Kavita
A1  - Jones, Marcus
A1  - Salerno, William J.
A1  - Chung, Wendy K.
A1  - Surakka, Ida
A1  - Willer, Cristen J.
A1  - Hveem, Kristian
A1  - Leader, Joseph B.
A1  - Carey, David J.
A1  - Ledbetter, David H.
A1  - Cardon, Lon
A1  - Yancopoulos, George D.
A1  - Economides, Aris
A1  - Coppola, Giovanni
A1  - Shuldiner, Alan R.
A1  - Balasubramanian, Suganthi
A1  - Cantor, Michael
A1  - Nelson, Matthew R.
A1  - Whittaker, John
A1  - Reid, Jeffrey G.
A1  - Marchini, Jonathan
A1  - Overton, John D.
A1  - Scott, Robert A.
A1  - Abecasis, Goncalo R.
A1  - Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M.
A1  - Baras, Aris
T1  - Exome sequencing and characterization of 49,960 individuals in the UK Biobank
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - The UK Biobank is a prospective study of 502,543 individuals, combining extensive phenotypic and genotypic data with streamlined access for researchers around the world(1). Here we describe the release of exome-sequence data for the first 49,960 study participants, revealing approximately 4 million coding variants (of which around 98.6% have a frequency of less than 1%). The data include 198,269 autosomal predicted loss-of-function (LOF) variants, a more than 14-fold increase compared to the imputed sequence. Nearly all genes (more than 97%) had at least one carrier with a LOF variant, and most genes (more than 69%) had at least ten carriers with a LOF variant. We illustrate the power of characterizing LOF variants in this population through association analyses across 1,730 phenotypes. In addition to replicating established associations, we found novel LOF variants with large effects on disease traits, includingPIEZO1on varicose veins,COL6A1on corneal resistance,MEPEon bone density, andIQGAP2andGMPRon blood cell traits. We further demonstrate the value of exome sequencing by surveying the prevalence of pathogenic variants of clinical importance, and show that 2% of this population has a medically actionable variant. Furthermore, we characterize the penetrance of cancer in carriers of pathogenicBRCA1andBRCA2variants. Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community. <br /> Exome sequences from the first 49,960 participants in the UK Biobank highlight the promise of genome sequencing in large population-based studies and are now accessible to the scientific community.
KW  - clinical exome
KW  - breast-cancer
KW  - mutations
KW  - recommendations
KW  - gene
KW  - metaanalysis
KW  - variants,
KW  - BRCA1
KW  - risk
KW  - susceptibility
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2853-0
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 586
IS  - 7831
SP  - 749
EP  - 756
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarze, Thomas
A1  - Riemer, Janine
T1  - Highly K+ selective probes with fluorescence emission wavelengths higher than 500 nm in water
JF  - ChemistrySelect
N2  - Herein, we report on the synthesis of highly K+/Na+ selective fluorescent probes in a feasible number of synthetic steps. These K+ selective fluorescent probes, so called fluoroionophores, 1 and 2 consists of different highly K+/Na+ selective building blocks the alkoxy-substituted N-phenylaza-18-crown-6 lariat ethers (ionophores) and "green" (cf. coumarin unit in 1) or "red" (cf. nile red unit in 2) fluorescent moieties (fluorophores). The fluorescent probes 1 and 2 show K+ induced fluorescence enhancement factors of 4.1 for 1 and 1.9 for 2 and dissociation constants for the corresponding K+ complexes of 43 mM (1+K+) and 18 mM (2+K+) in buffered aqueous solution. The fluorescence signal of 1 and 2 is changed by less than 5 % by pH values in the range of 6.8 to 8.8. Thus, 1 and 2 are capable fluorescent tools to determine extracellular K+ levels by fluorescence enhancements at wavelengths higher than 500 nm.
KW  - potassium
KW  - sodium
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - selectivity
KW  - probes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003785
SN  - 2365-6549
VL  - 5
IS  - 42
SP  - 13174
EP  - 13178
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gabowitsch, Mischa
T1  - Belarusian protest
BT  - regimes of engagement and coordination
JF  - Slavic review : interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies / publ. by the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies
N2  - The Belarusian protest movement that started in August 2020 has been discussed from the point of view of strategy and objectives, and as the cradle of a new subjectivity. This essay goes beyond those two perspectives by looking at the regimes of engagement, developing in interaction with the material and technological environment, that have given the protests their distinctive style. The first part looks at coordination and representation at protest events and in producing protest symbols such as flags. The second part discusses the role of Telegram and the emergence of local protest groups. Even though the movement did not grow organically out of everyday concerns, there are some signs that it has begun to reassemble local communities from above. Yet there are also indications that politics continues to be seen as distinct from everyday life, making it uncertain that the movement will lead to a deeper transformation of society.
KW  - Belarus
KW  - protest
KW  - regimes of engagement
KW  - flag-making
KW  - social media
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/slr.2021.28
SN  - 0037-6779
SN  - 2325-7784
N1  - Critical Discussion Forum: The sociology of protest in Belarus — Social dynamics, ideological shifts, and demand for change
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 37
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ceulemans, Ruben
A1  - Guill, Christian
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Top predators govern multitrophic diversity effects in tritrophic food webs
JF  - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
N2  - It is well known that functional diversity strongly affects ecosystem functioning. However, even in rather simple model communities consisting of only two or, at best, three trophic levels, the relationship between multitrophic functional diversity and ecosystem functioning appears difficult to generalize, because of its high contextuality. In this study, we considered several differently structured tritrophic food webs, in which the amount of functional diversity was varied independently on each trophic level. To achieve generalizable results, largely independent of parametrization, we examined the outcomes of 128,000 parameter combinations sampled from ecologically plausible intervals, with each tested for 200 randomly sampled initial conditions. Analysis of our data was done by training a random forest model. This method enables the identification of complex patterns in the data through partial dependence graphs, and the comparison of the relative influence of model parameters, including the degree of diversity, on food-web properties. We found that bottom-up and top-down effects cascade simultaneously throughout the food web, intimately linking the effects of functional diversity of any trophic level to the amount of diversity of other trophic levels, which may explain the difficulty in unifying results from previous studies. Strikingly, only with high diversity throughout the whole food web, different interactions synergize to ensure efficient exploitation of the available nutrients and efficient biomass transfer to higher trophic levels, ultimately leading to a high biomass and production on the top level. The temporal variation of biomass showed a more complex pattern with increasing multitrophic diversity: while the system initially became less variable, eventually the temporal variation rose again because of the increasingly complex dynamical patterns. Importantly, top predator diversity and food-web parameters affecting the top trophic level were of highest importance to determine the biomass and temporal variability of any trophic level. Overall, our study reveals that the mechanisms by which diversity influences ecosystem functioning are affected by every part of the food web, hampering the extrapolation of insights from simple monotrophic or bitrophic systems to complex natural food webs.
KW  - food-web efficiency
KW  - functional diversity
KW  - machine learning
KW  - nutrient
KW  - exploitation
KW  - production
KW  - random forest
KW  - temporal variability
KW  - top
KW  - predator
KW  - trait diversity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3379
SN  - 0012-9658
SN  - 1939-9170
VL  - 102
IS  - 7
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Picconi, David
T1  - Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of the coherent excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline
JF  - Photochemical & photobiological sciences
N2  - The photoinduced nonadiabatic dynamics of the enol-keto isomerization of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ) are studied computationally using high-dimensional quantum dynamics. The simulations are based on a diabatic vibronic coupling Hamiltonian, which includes the two lowest pi pi* excited states and a n pi* state, which has high energy in the Franck-Condon zone, but significantly stabilizes upon excited state intramolecular proton transfer. A procedure, applicable to large classes of excited state proton transfer reactions, is presented to parametrize this model using potential energies, forces and force constants, which, in this case, are obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. The wave packet calculations predict a time scale of 10-15 fs for the photoreaction, and reproduce the time constants and the coherent oscillations observed in time- resolved spectroscopic studies performed on HBQ. In contrast to the interpretation given to the most recent experiments, it is found that the reaction initiated by 1 pi pi* <- S-0 photoexcitation proceeds essentially on a single potential energy surface, and the observed coherences bear signatures of Duschinsky mode-mixing along the reaction path. The dynamics after the 2 pi pi* <- S-0 excitation are instead nonadiabatic, and the n pi* state plays a major role in the relaxation process. The simulations suggest a mainly active role of the proton in the isomerization, rather than a passive migration assisted by the vibrations of the benzoquinoline backbone. <br /> [GRAPHICS] <br /> .
KW  - Excited state proton transfer
KW  - Quantum dynamics
KW  - Nonadiabatic effects
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Coherences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-021-00112-z
SN  - 1474-905X
SN  - 1474-9092
VL  - 20
IS  - 11
SP  - 1455
EP  - 1473
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Czapka, Sophia
A1  - Wotschack, Christiane
A1  - Klassert, Annegret
A1  - Festman, Julia
T1  - A path to the bilingual advantage
BT  - pairwise matching of individuals
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Matching participants (as suggested by Hope, 2015) may be one promising option for research on a potential bilingual advantage in executive functions (EF). In this study we first compared performances in three EF-tasks of a naturally heterogeneous sample of monolingual (n = 69, age = 9.0 y) and multilingual children (n = 57, age = 9.3 y). Secondly, we meticulously matched participants pairwise to obtain two highly homogeneous groups to rerun our analysis and investigate a potential bilingual advantage. The initally disadvantaged multilinguals (regarding socioeconomic status and German lexicon size) performed worse in updating and response inhibition, but similarly in interference inhibition. This indicates that superior EF compensate for the detrimental effects of the background variables. After matching children pairwise on age, gender, intelligence, socioeconomic status and German lexicon size, performances became similar except for interference inhibition. Here, an advantage for multilinguals in the form of globally reduced reaction times emerged, indicating a bilingual executive processing advantage.
KW  - executive functions
KW  - bilingualism
KW  - interference inhibition
KW  - pairwise
KW  - matching
KW  - primary school children
KW  - background variables
KW  - lexicon size
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000166
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 344
EP  - 354
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Velzen, Ellen
T1  - Predator coexistence through emergent fitness equalization
JF  - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America
N2  - The competitive exclusion principle is one of the oldest ideas in ecology and states that without additional self-limitation two predators cannot coexist on a single prey. The search for mechanisms allowing coexistence despite this has identified niche differentiation between predators as crucial: without this, coexistence requires the predators to have exactly the same R* values, which is considered impossible. However, this reasoning misses a critical point: predators' R* values are not static properties, but affected by defensive traits of their prey, which in turn can adapt in response to changes in predator densities. Here I show that this feedback between defense and predator dynamics enables stable predator coexistence without ecological niche differentiation. Instead, the mechanism driving coexistence is that prey adaptation causes defense to converge to the value where both predators have equal R* values ("fitness equalization"). This result is highly general, independent of specific model details, and applies to both rapid defense evolution and inducible defenses. It demonstrates the importance of considering long-standing ecological questions from an eco-evolutionary viewpoint, and showcases how the effects of adaptation can cascade through communities, driving diversity on higher trophic levels. These insights offer an important new perspective on coexistence theory.
KW  - coexistence
KW  - competition
KW  - competitive exclusion
KW  - defense
KW  - eco-evolutionary feedbacks
KW  - emergent facilitation
KW  - predator
KW  - prey
KW  - dynamics
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2995
SN  - 0012-9658
SN  - 1939-9170
VL  - 101
IS  - 5
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz
T1  - Atmosphere in the home stadium of Hertha BSC (German Bundesliga)
T1  - Atmosphère au stade de Hertha BSC (Bundesliga allemande)
T1  - Atmosphère au stade de Hertha BSC (Bundesliga allemande)
BT  - melodies of moods, collective bodies, and the relevance of space
BT  - mélodies d’atmosphères, corps collectifs et pertinence de l’espace
BT  - melodías de estados de ánimo, cuerpos colectivos y la relevancia del espacio
JF  - Social & cultural geography
N2  - German football stadiums are well known for their atmosphere. It is often described as 'electrifying,' or 'cracking.' This article focuses on this atmosphere. Using a phenomenological approach, it explores how this emotionality can be understood and how geography matters while attending a match. Atmosphere in this context is conceptualized based on work by as a mood-charged space, neither object- nor subject-centered, but rather a medium of perception which cannot not exist. Based on qualitative research done in the home stadium of Hertha BSC in the German Bundesliga, this article shows that the bodily sensations experienced by spectators during a visit to the stadium are synchronized with events on the pitch and with the more or less imposing scenery. The analysis ofin situdiaries reveals that spectators experience a comprehensive sense of collectivity. The study presents evidence that the occurrence of these bodily sensations is strongly connected with different aspects of spatiality. This includes sensations of constriction and expansion within the body, an awareness of one's location within the stadium, the influence of the immediate surroundings and cognitive here/there and inside/outside distinctions.
N2  - Les stades de foot allemands sont bien connus pour leur atmosphère. Elle est souvent décrite comme « électrique » ou « géniale ». Cet article se concentre sur cette atmosphère. Utilisant une approche phénoménologique, il explore comment cette affectivité peut être comprise et comment la géographie a son importance quand on est à un match. L’atmosphère dans ce contexte est conceptualisée à partir des travaux de Gemot Böhme, comme un espace chargé d’atmosphère, ni centré sur le sujet, ni centré sur l’objet, mais plutôt comme un moyen de perception qui ne peut pas exister. A partir de recherche qualitative faite sur le stade de Hertha BSC de la Bundesliga allemande, cet article montre que les sensations corporelles ressenties par les spectateurs pendant une visite au stade sont synchronisées avec les événements sur le terrain et avec le paysage plus ou moins imposant. L’analyse de journaux intimes sur place révèle que les spectateurs font l’expérience d’une notion totale de collectivité. L’étude présente la preuve que la présence de ces sensations corporelles est fortement liée aux différents aspects de la spatialité. Cela inclut les sensations de compression et d’expansion dans le corps, une conscience de sa position dans le stade, l’influence de l’entourage immédiat et les distinctions cognitives de l’ici/là-bas et de l’intérieur/extérieur.
N2  - Los estadios de fútbol alemanes son bien conocidos por su ambiente. A menudo se lo describe como ‘electrizante’ o ‘estupendo’. Este artículo se centra en este ambiente. Usando un enfoque fenomenológico, explora cómo se puede entender esta emotividad y la importancia de la geografía mientras se asiste a un partido. El ambiente en este contexto se conceptualiza a partir del trabajo de Gernot Böhme como un espacio cargado de emociones, no centrado en objetos ni en sujetos, sino en un medio de percepción que no puede no existir. Basado en investigaciones cualitativas realizadas en el estadio de Hertha BSC durante la Bundesliga alemana, este artículo muestra que las sensaciones corporales experimentadas por los espectadores durante una visita al estadio se sincronizan con los eventos en la cancha y con el escenario más o menos imponente. El análisis de experiencias in situ revela que los espectadores experimentan un sentido integral de colectividad. El estudio presenta evidencia de que la ocurrencia de estas sensaciones corporales está fuertemente relacionada con diferentes aspectos de la espacialidad. Esto incluye sensaciones de constricción y expansión dentro del cuerpo, una conciencia de su ubicación dentro del estadio, la influencia del entorno inmediato y las distinciones cognitivas aquí/allá y dentro/fuera.
KW  - affect
KW  - atmosphere
KW  - corporeality
KW  - emotion
KW  - football
KW  - phenomenology
KW  - stadium
KW  - atmosphère
KW  - corporalité
KW  - émotion
KW  - stade
KW  - phénoménologie
KW  - ambiente
KW  - corporeidad
KW  - emoción
KW  - afecto
KW  - estadio
KW  - fútbol
KW  - fenomenología
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2018.1514646
SN  - 1464-9365
SN  - 1470-1197
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
SP  - 718
EP  - 737
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Küttner, Uwe-Alexander
T1  - Tying sequences together with the [that’s + wh-clause] format
BT  - on (retro-)sequential junctures in conversation
JF  - Research on language and social interaction
N2  - This article explores a sequence organizational phenomenon that results from the use of a loosely specifiable turn format (viz., That's + wh-clause) for launching (next) sequences while at the same time connecting back to a prior turn. Using this practice creates a sequential juncture, i.e., a pivot-like nexus between one sequence and a next. In third position, such junctures serve to accomplish seamless sequential transitions from one sequence into a next by presenting the latter as locally occasioned. The practice may, however, also be deployed in second position to launch actions that have not been made relevant or provided for by the preceding action and exhibit response relevance themselves. The sequential junctures then become retro-sequential in character: They transform the projected trajectory of the sequence in progress and create interlocking sequential structures. These findings highlight that sequence is practice, while pointing to understudied interconnections between tying and sequentiality. Data are in English.
KW  - answers
KW  - organization
KW  - questions
KW  - responses
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2020.1739422
SN  - 0835-1813
SN  - 1532-7973
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SP  - 247
EP  - 270
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nativ, Ron
A1  - Turowski, Jens M.
T1  - Site dependence of fluvial incision rate scaling with timescale
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - Global measurements of incision rate typically show a negative scaling with the timescale over which they were averaged, a phenomenon referred to as the "Sadler effect." This time dependency is thought to result from hiatus periods between incision phases, which leads to a power law scaling of incision rate with timescale. Alternatively, the "Sadler effect" has been argued to be a consequence of the mobility of the modern river bed, where the timescale dependency of incision rates arises from a bias due to the choice of the reference system. In this case, incision rates should be independent of the timescale, provided that the correct reference system is chosen. It is unclear which model best explains the "Sadler effect," and, if a timescale dependency exists, which mathematical formulation can be used to describe it. Here, we present a compilation of 581 bedrock incision rates from 34 studies, averaged over timescales ranging from single floods to millions of years. We constrain the functional relationship between incision rate and timescale and show that time-independent incision rate is inconsistent with the global data. Using a power law dependence, a single constant power is inconsistent with the distribution of observed exponents. Therefore, the scaling exponent is site dependent. Consequently, incision rates measured over contrasting timescales cannot be meaningfully compared between different field sites without properly considering the "Sadler effect." We explore the controls on the variable exponents and propose an empirical equation to correct observed incision rates for their timescale dependency.
KW  - Sadler effect
KW  - river incision
KW  - timescale dependency
KW  - fluvial incision
KW  - compilation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005808
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 125
IS  - 11
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Moradian, Hanieh
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Gossen, Manfred
T1  - Strategies for simultaneous and successive delivery of RNA
JF  - Journal of molecular medicine
N2  - Advanced non-viral gene delivery experiments often require co-delivery of multiple nucleic acids. Therefore, the availability of reliable and robust co-transfection methods and defined selection criteria for their use in, e.g., expression of multimeric proteins or mixed RNA/DNA delivery is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated different co- and successive transfection approaches, with particular focus on in vitro transcribed messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA). Expression levels and patterns of two fluorescent protein reporters were determined, using different IVT-mRNA doses, carriers, and cell types. Quantitative parameters determining the efficiency of co-delivery were analyzed for IVT-mRNAs premixed before nanocarrier formation (integrated co-transfection) and when simultaneously transfecting cells with separately formed nanocarriers (parallel co-transfection), which resulted in a much higher level of expression heterogeneity for the two reporters. Successive delivery of mRNA revealed a lower transfection efficiency in the second transfection round. All these differences proved to be more pronounced for low mRNA doses. Concurrent delivery of siRNA with mRNA also indicated the highest co-transfection efficiency for integrated method. However, the maximum efficacy was shown for successive delivery, due to the kinetically different peak output for the two discretely operating entities. Our findings provide guidance for selection of the co-delivery method best suited to accommodate experimental requirements, highlighting in particular the nucleic acid dose-response dependence on co-delivery on the single-cell level.
KW  - integrated co-transfection
KW  - parallel co-transfection
KW  - successive
KW  - transfection
KW  - co-expression
KW  - in vitro synthesized mRNA
KW  - transfection methods
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-020-01956-1
SN  - 0946-2716
SN  - 1432-1440
VL  - 98
IS  - 12
SP  - 1767
EP  - 1779
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stark, Markus
A1  - Bach, Moritz
A1  - Guill, Christian
T1  - Patch isolation and periodic environmental disturbances have idiosyncratic effects on local and regional population variabilities in meta-food chains
JF  - Theoretical ecology
N2  - While habitat loss is a known key driver of biodiversity decline, the impact of other landscape properties, such as patch isolation, is far less clear. When patch isolation is low, species may benefit from a broader range of foraging opportunities, but are at the same time adversely affected by higher predation pressure from mobile predators. Although previous approaches have successfully linked such effects to biodiversity, their impact on local and metapopulation dynamics has largely been ignored. Since population dynamics may also be affected by environmental disturbances that temporally change the degree of patch isolation, such as periodic changes in habitat availability, accurate assessment of its link with isolation is highly challenging. To analyze the effect of patch isolation on the population dynamics on different spatial scales, we simulate a three-species meta-food chain on complex networks of habitat patches and assess the average variability of local populations and metapopulations, as well as the level of synchronization among patches. To evaluate the impact of periodic environmental disturbances, we contrast simulations of static landscapes with simulations of dynamic landscapes in which 30 percent of the patches periodically become unavailable as habitat. We find that increasing mean patch isolation often leads to more asynchronous population dynamics, depending on the parameterization of the food chain. However, local population variability also increases due to indirect effects of increased dispersal mortality at high mean patch isolation, consequently destabilizing metapopulation dynamics and increasing extinction risk. In dynamic landscapes, periodic changes of patch availability on a timescale much slower than ecological interactions often fully synchronize the dynamics. Further, these changes not only increase the variability of local populations and metapopulations, but also mostly overrule the effects of mean patch isolation. This may explain the often small and inconclusive impact of mean patch isolation in natural ecosystems.
KW  - Metacommunity dynamics
KW  - Dispersal
KW  - Patch isolation
KW  - Stability
KW  - Synchronization
KW  - Disturbance
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-021-00510-0
SN  - 1874-1738
SN  - 1874-1746
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 489
EP  - 500
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arnold, Patrick
A1  - Rutschmann, Sereina
T1  - UCE sequencing-derived mitogenomes reveal the timing of mitochondrial replacement in Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae, Microgale)
JF  - Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
N2  - Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Microgale) have increasingly been used to study speciation genetics over the last years. A previous study recently uncovered gene flow between the Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (M. soricoides) and sympatric southern population of the Pale shrew tenrec (M. fotsifotsy). This gene flow has been suggested to be accompanied by complete mitochondrial replacement in M. fotsifotsy. To explore the temporal framework of this replacement, we assembled mitogenomes from publicly available sequencing data of ultra-conserved elements. We were able to assemble complete and partial mitogenomes for 19 specimens from five species of shrew tenrecs, which represents a multifold increase in mitogenomic resources available for all tenrecs. Phylogenetic inferences and sequence simulations support the close relationship between the mitochondrial lineages of M. soricoides and the southern population of M. fotsifotsy. Based on the nuclear divergence of northern and southern populations of M. fotsifotsy and the mitochondrial divergence between the latter and M. soricoides, there was a mean time window for replacement of similar to 350,000 years. This timeframe implies that the effective size of the ancestral M. fotsifotsy southern population was less 70,000.
KW  - Microgale
KW  - Tenrecs
KW  - Gene flow
KW  - Mitochondrial replacement
KW  - Madagascar
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00246-2
SN  - 1616-5047
SN  - 1618-1476
VL  - 102
IS  - 2
SP  - 531
EP  - 536
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kossmann, Jan
A1  - Schlosser, Rainer
T1  - Self-driving database systems
BT  - a conceptual approach
JF  - Distributed and parallel databases
N2  - Challenges for self-driving database systems, which tune their physical design and configuration autonomously, are manifold: Such systems have to anticipate future workloads, find robust configurations efficiently, and incorporate knowledge gained by previous actions into later decisions. We present a component-based framework for self-driving database systems that enables database integration and development of self-managing functionality with low overhead by relying on separation of concerns. By keeping the components of the framework reusable and exchangeable, experiments are simplified, which promotes further research in that area. Moreover, to optimize multiple mutually dependent features, e.g., index selection and compression configurations, we propose a linear programming (LP) based algorithm to derive an efficient tuning order automatically. Afterwards, we demonstrate the applicability and scalability of our approach with reproducible examples.
KW  - database systems
KW  - self-driving
KW  - recursive tuning
KW  - workload prediction
KW  - robustness
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10619-020-07288-w
SN  - 0926-8782
SN  - 1573-7578
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 795
EP  - 817
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Polley, Nabarun
A1  - Werner, Peter
A1  - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola
A1  - Pacholski, Claudia
T1  - Bottom, top, or in between
BT  - combining plasmonic nanohole arrays and hydrogel microgels for optical fiber snsor applications
JF  - Advanced materials interfaces
N2  - Attractive label-free plasmonic optical fiber sensors can be developed by cleverly choosing the arrangement of plasmonic nanostructures and other building blocks. Here, the final response depends very much on the alignment and position (stacking) of the individual elements. In this work, three different types of fiber optic sensing geometries fabricated by simple layer-by-layer stacking are presented, consisting of stimulus-sensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPAM) microgel arrays and plasmonic nanohole arrays (NHAs), namely NHA/polyNIPAM, polyNIPAM/NHA, polyNIPAM/NHA/polyNIPAM. Their optical response to a representative stimulus, namely temperature, is investigated. NHA/polyNIPAM monitors the volume phase transition of polyNIPAM microgels through changes in the spectral position and the amplitude of the reflection minimum of plasmonic NHA. In contrast, polyNIPAM/NHA shows a more complex response to the swelling and collapse of polyNIPAM microgels in their reflectance spectra. The most pronounced changes in optical response are observed by monitoring the amplitude of the reflectance minimum of this sensor during heating/cooling cycles. Finally, the triple stack of polyNIPAM/NHA/polyNIPAM at the end of a optical fiber tip combines the advantages of the NHA/polyNIPAM, polyNIPAM/NHA double stacks for optical sensing. The unique layer-by-layer stacking of microgel and nanostructure is customizable and can be easily adopted for other applications.
KW  - bottom-up fabrication
KW  - layer-by-layer stacking
KW  - microgel arrays
KW  - optical
KW  - fiber sensors
KW  - plasmonic nanohole arrays
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202102312
SN  - 2196-7350
VL  - 9
IS  - 15
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guill, Christian
A1  - Hülsemann, Janne
A1  - Klauschies, Toni
T1  - Self-organised pattern formation increases local diversity in metacommunities
JF  - Ecology letters
N2  - Self-organised formation of spatial patterns is known from a variety of different ecosystems, yet little is known about how these patterns affect the diversity of communities. Here, we use a food chain model in which autotroph diversity is described by a continuous distribution of a trait that affects both growth and defence against heterotrophs. On isolated patches, diversity is always lost over time due to stabilising selection, and the local communities settle on one of two alternative stable community states that are characterised by a dominance of either defended or undefended species. In a metacommunity context, dispersal can destabilise these states and complex spatio-temporal patterns in the species' abundances emerge. The resulting biomass-trait feedback increases local diversity by an order of magnitude compared to scenarios without self-organised pattern formation, thereby maintaining the ability of communities to adapt to potential future changes in biotic or abiotic environmental conditions.
KW  - biomass-trait feedback
KW  - fitness gradient
KW  - food chain
KW  - functional
KW  - diversity
KW  - metacommunity
KW  - self-organisation
KW  - source-sink dynamics
KW  - spatio-temporal pattern
KW  - trait-based aggregate model
KW  - Turing instability
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13880
SN  - 1461-023X
SN  - 1461-0248
VL  - 24
IS  - 12
SP  - 2624
EP  - 2634
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
A1  - Drummer, Janna-Deborah
T1  - Binding out of relative clauses in native and non-native sentence comprehension
JF  - Journal of psycholinguistic research
N2  - Pronouns can sometimes covary with a non c-commanding quantifier phrase (QP). To obtain such 'telescoping' readings, a semantic representation must be computed in which the QP's semantic scope extends beyond its surface scope. Non-native speakers have been claimed to have more difficulty than native speakers deriving such non-isomorphic syntax-semantics mappings, but evidence from processing studies is scarce. We report the results from an eye-movement monitoring experiment and an offline questionnaire investigating whether native and non-native speakers of German can link personal pronouns to non c-commanding QPs inside relative clauses. Our results show that both participant groups were able to obtain telescoping readings offline, but only the native speakers showed evidence of forming telescoping dependencies during incremental parsing. During processing the non-native speakers focused on a discourse-prominent, non-quantified alternative antecedent instead. The observed group differences indicate that non-native comprehenders have more difficulty than native comprehenders computing scope-shifted representations in real time.
KW  - Pronoun binding
KW  - c-command
KW  - Eye-movement monitoring
KW  - Non-native language
KW  - processing
KW  - German
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-022-09845-z
SN  - 0090-6905
SN  - 1573-6555
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
SP  - 763
EP  - 788
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ehrlich, Elias
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Coupled changes in traits and biomasses cascading through a tritrophic plankton food web
JF  - Limnology and oceanography
N2  - Trait-based approaches have broadened our understanding of how the composition of ecological communities responds to environmental drivers. This research has mainly focussed on abiotic factors and competition determining the community trait distribution, while effects of trophic interactions on trait dynamics, if considered at all, have been studied for two trophic levels at maximum. However, natural food webs are typically at least tritrophic. This enables indirect interactions of traits and biomasses among multiple trophic levels leading to underexplored effects on food web dynamics. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of mutual trait adjustment among three trophic levels in a natural plankton food web (Lake Constance) and in a corresponding mathematical model. We found highly recurrent seasonal biomass and trait dynamics, where herbivorous zooplankton increased its size, and thus its ability to counter phytoplankton defense, before phytoplankton defense actually increased. This is contrary to predictions from bitrophic systems where counter-defense of the consumer is a reaction to prey defense. In contrast, counter-defense of carnivores by size adjustment followed the defense of herbivores as expected. By combining observations and model simulations, we show how the reversed trait dynamics at the two lower trophic levels result from a "trophic biomass-trait cascade" driven by the carnivores. Trait adjustment between two trophic levels can therefore be altered by biomass or trait changes of adjacent trophic levels. Hence, analyses of only pairwise trait adjustment can be misleading in natural food webs, while multitrophic trait-based approaches capture indirect biomass-trait interactions among multiple trophic levels.
KW  - community ecology
KW  - cyclops vicinus
KW  - dynamics
KW  - functional traits
KW  - lake
KW  - life-cycle
KW  - natural rotifer
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - trophic cascades
KW  - zooplankton
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11466
SN  - 0024-3590
SN  - 1939-5590
VL  - 65
IS  - 10
SP  - 2502
EP  - 2514
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -